Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fract, frag, fring, (frang) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Despite its rich vocabulary, English is “missing” words for what things (give three examples)? |
|
Definition
| "yet there are odd gaps. we have no word for coolness corresponding with warmth. We are strangely lacking in a middle terms words to describe with some precision the middle ground between hard and soft, near and far, and big and little." pg 68 |
|
|
Term
| “Polysemy,” a common occurrence with many English words is what? Please give an example of polysemy. |
|
Definition
| a condition of having many meanings, sound is another polysemic word, its vast repertory of meanings can suggest an audible noise a state of healthiness (sound mind) an outburst (sound off) an inguiry (sound out) a body of water (puget sound) or financial stability (sound economy) pg 69 and 70 |
|
|
Term
| Bryson states five methods by which words come into existence. What are they and give two examples of each? |
|
Definition
1. words are created by error - according to the first supplement of the OED there are at least 350 words in the english dictionaries that owe their existence to typographical errors examples include button hole was once buttonhold, sweetheart was originally sweetard, as in dullard and dotard. (71)
2. words are adopted - shampoo from india, chaparral from the basques, caucus from the algonquin indians, ketchup form china, potato from haiti, sofa from arabia (73)
3. words are created - take dog for centuries the word in english was hound or hund then suddenly in the middle ages dog a word etymologically unrelated to any other known word displaced it. Among others without known pedigree are jaw, jam, bad, big, gloat, fun, crease, pour, put, niblick... (75)
4. words change by doing nothing - the word stays the same but the meaning changes. Counterfeit once meant a legitimate copy, brave once implied cowardice, crafty no a disparaging term was once a word of praise, enthusiasm which is now a word of praise was once a term of mild abuse... (78)
5. Words are created by adding or subtracting something. -able, -ment, -ness, pre-, dis-, anti-, and so one...mutin(rebellion) turns into mutiny, mutinous, mutinously, mutineer, and many others. Labyrinth: labyinthian, labyrinthean, labyrinthal... (pg 80 and 81) |
|
|
Term
| The greatest advantage to a pictographic writing system, like Chinese, over other writing systems is what? Explain. |
|
Definition
| it can be read everywhere, chinese is not really a language at all but more a family of loosly related dialects a person from fukien can no more understand the speech of the people of shanghai than a londoner and understand what the people are saying in warsaw or stockholm. pg 118 |
|
|
Term
| The invention of this machine, brought to England by ___________ ____________________, made English spelling more uniform. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the 17th century, many scholars began fiddling with English spelling in order to make it conform to _____________________. Give three examples of these changes. |
|
Definition
| Latin ideal, thus b's were inserted into debt, and doubt which had previously been spelled as dette and doute. receipt picked up a p by the same method, island gained its s scissors its c anchor its h tight and delight became consistent with night and right though without any etymological base rime became rhyme...(128) |
|
|
Term
The __________________ ________________________ __________________,
founded in 1906, endorsed the spelling of AX and JUDGMENT as well as TUF, YU, and FILOSOFY. |
|
Definition
| simplified spelling board (130) |
|
|
