Term
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Definition
| short complementary sequence of template strand has hanging OH to add incoming nucleotide |
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Term
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Definition
antiparallel
complementary |
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Term
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Definition
aminoacyl-tRNA
any amino acid with tRNA
allows in new tRNA |
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Term
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Definition
opens up a double helix ahead of replication fork to allow DNA synthesis to proceed
requires ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| joins continuous chain from many DNA fragments of lagging strand |
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Term
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Definition
| produces short RNA primers used to prime leading and lagging strand |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
peptidyl-tRNA
amino acid forms peptide bond
peptide bond |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| RNA polymerase holoenzyme |
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Definition
sigma factor + RNA polymerase
signal of where to begin transcription |
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Term
| The reason why dNTP bonds 5' --> 3' |
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Definition
extra phosphates are energetically unstable
hydroxyl group at the end |
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Term
| aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase |
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Definition
| couples each amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 nucleotides complementary to a codon in mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA + histone + non histone protein |
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Term
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Definition
| sequence of nucleotides in mRNA read in 3 consecutive ATGC's |
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Term
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Definition
| common features of a promoter region or termination |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| faithful replication, mutation rate of 1 in 10x10^9 |
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Term
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Definition
8 histone = 4 different histones bound by dimers
H2A, H2B, H3, H4
wraps around 147 nucleotides of DNA
separated by 80 nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| noncoding sequence, the bulk of the genetic material |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesized discontinuously |
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Term
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Definition
| daughter strand produced continuously |
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Term
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Definition
| carried by the start codon, always first amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
| short pieces of DNA [100-200 nucleotides long; on lagging strand, joined together after synthesis] |
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Term
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Definition
| taking something small and making something bigger |
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Term
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Definition
| specific sequence of ATGC's that holoenzyme binds to and indicates starting point of transcription |
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Term
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Definition
2 ring structures
guanine, adenine |
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Term
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Definition
| thymine, cytosine, uracil |
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Term
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Definition
can fold in on itself
dictates function
can catalyze reactions
has two oxygens |
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Term
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Definition
| location where duplication begins, there may be more than one |
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Term
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Definition
| RNA that has catalytic activity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| associates with RNA polymerase to help it locate start site of transcription |
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Term
| single strand DNA binding protein [SSB] |
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Definition
| stabilizes unwound single stranded DNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| holds a moving DNA polymerase to the DNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
G --> T
C --> A
has no hydrogen bond
changes shape of helix |
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Term
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Definition
partly RNA and amino acids
can create its own primer |
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Term
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Definition
where chain elongation stops
some termination may end by the help of a Rho protein |
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Term
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Definition
I: single strand break
II: double strand break
prevent DNA tangling during replication |
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Term
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Definition
| one large subunit, one small subunit |
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Term
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Definition
| framework for tRNA to match codon to mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| catalyzes peptide bonds of building polypeptide chains |
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Term
| what are the steps for incorporating the first amino acid in eukaryotes |
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Definition
1. binds to small subunit at P-site
2. small subunit binds 5' cap
3. moves down stream till AUG is found
4. P-site is bound and is ready for incoming amino acids in the A-site |
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Term
| what are the steps for incorporating the first amino acid in prokaryotes |
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Definition
no 5' cap to bind to
ribosome binding site [shine-delgarno sequence] |
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Term
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Definition
| encode for several proteins [prokaryotes] |
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Term
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Definition
| encode for one protein [eukaryotes] |
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Term
| function of tRNA molecules |
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Definition
| match amino acids to codons in mRNA |
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Definition
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