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Cattron- WWCC Medical Terminology
Cattron Bus 280 Chapter 1 -11
988
Medical
Undergraduate 1
08/01/2017

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Term
Word parts
Definition
When a constructed term is formed, individual word parts are assembled to create a term with a new meaning. This is very useful in medicine because new discoveries are made frequently, and the need to provide them with relevant names is important. The three primary types of word parts are prefixes, word roots, and suffixes.
Term
Prefix
Definition
A prefix is a word part that is affixed to the beginning of a word. Its purpose is to expand or enhance the meaning of the word.
Term
Word root
Definition
A word root is a word part that provides the primary meaning of the term. The word root provides the basis for the term and is the part to which other words parts are attached. Nearly all terms have a word root, and some have more than one.
Term
Suffix
Definition
A suffix is a word part that is affixed to the end of a word. The suffix often indicates the word's part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.) or modifies the word's meaning.
Term
Anti-
Definition
against, opposite of
Term
Brady-
Definition
Slow
Term
Endo-
Definition
Within
Term
Epi-
Definition
upon, over, above, on top.
Term
Neo-
Definition
New
Term
Pre-
Definition
Before or to come before
Term
Append/o, Appendic/o
Definition
Appendix
Term
Bi/o
Definition
Life
Term
Cardi/o
Definition
Heart
Term
Cerebr/o
Definition
Brain, cerebrum
Term
Dermat/o
Definition
Skin
Term
Electr/o
Definition
electricity
Term
encephal/o
Definition
brain
Term
Gastr/o
Definition
Stomach
Term
hem/o
Definition
blood
Term
hepat/o
Definition
liver
Term
hyster/o
Definition
uterus
Term
laryng/o
Definition
voice box, larynx
Term
leuk/o
Definition
white
Term
mamm/o, mast/o
Definition
breast
Term
nat/o
Definition
birth
Term
neur/o
Definition
nerve
Term
path/o
Definition
disease
Term
proct/o
Definition
rectum or anus
Term
psych/o
Definition
mind
Term
rhin/o
Definition
nose
Term
tonsill/o
Definition
almond, tonsil
Term
vas/o
Definition
vessel
Term
-al
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ectomy
Definition
surgical excision, removal
Term
-emia
Definition
condition of blood
Term
-gram
Definition
a record or image
Term
-ia
Definition
condition of
Term
-iatry
Definition
treatment, specialty
Term
-ic
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-itis
Definition
inflammation
Term
-logist
Definition
one who studies
Term
-logy
Definition
study or science of
Term
-pathy
Definition
disease
Term
-philia
Definition
loving, affinity for
Term
-plasty
Definition
surgical repair
Term
-scope
Definition
instrument used for viewing
Term
-tic
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-meter
Definition
measure, measuring instrument
Term
-ous
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-pathy
Definition
disease
Term
-scopy
Definition
process of viewing
Term
-drome
Definition
run or running
Term
syn-
Definition
together
Term
-emesis
Definition
vomiting
Term
-malacia
Definition
softening
Term
-opsy
Definition
view of
Term
-oxia
Definition
condition of oxygen
Term
hypo-
Definition
deficient, below
Term
-phil
Definition
loving or affinity for
Term
-phagia
Definition
eating or swallowing
Term
dys-
Definition
bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult
Term
-phasia
Definition
speaking
Term
a-
Definition
without, absence of
Term
-physis
Definition
growth
Term
hypo-
Definition
below
Term
-plegia
Definition
paralysis
Term
quadri-
Definition
four
Term
-oma
Definition
tumor
Term
oste
Definition
bone
Term
-stasis
Definition
standing still
Term
home/o
Definition
sameness, unchanging
Term
syndrome
Definition
running together
Term
hematemesis
Definition
vomiting of blood
Term
cardiomalacia
Definition
softening or degeneration of heart tissue, usually from insufficient blood supply or tissue degeneration
Term
biopsy
Definition
the removal and examination (or view) of tissue
Term
hypoxia
Definition
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Term
hemophilia
Definition
loving or affinity for blood and is a condition of uncontrolled blood loss
Term
dysphagia
Definition
difficulty in eating or swallowing
Term
aphasia
Definition
without or absence of speaking
Term
hypophysis
Definition
the pituitary gland, which is located below the brain
Term
Quadriplegia
Definition
paralysis of four limbs
Term
homeostasis
Definition
the process of maintaining internal stability despite changes in the environment.
Term
-algia
Definition
condition of pain
Term
arthralgia
Definition
pain in a joint
Term
arthr
Definition
joint
Term
-asthenia
Definition
weakness
Term
myasthenia
Definition
weakness of muscle
Term
-atresia
Definition
a closure or the absence of a normal body opening
Term
hysteratresia
Definition
the closure or absence of the uterine cavity
Term
-cele
Definition
hernia, swelling, or protrusion
Term
mening/o
Definition
membrane
Term
meningocele
Definition
hernia of the meninges of the brain or spinal column that protrudes through an abnormal opening in the skull or spinal column
Term
-dynia
Definition
pain
Term
ten/o
Definition
tendon
Term
tenodynia
Definition
pain in a tendon
Term
anorexia
Definition
a condition in which there is no appetite
Term
Adenosis
Definition
condition of gland
Term
-ism
Definition
condition or disease
Term
albin/o
Definition
white
Term
albinism
Definition
a condition of white, or lack of skin pigment
Term
gastritis
Definition
inflammation of the stomach
Term
-oma
Definition
tumor
Term
lip
Definition
fat
Term
lipoma
Definition
tumor of fat tissue
Term
adenopathy
Definition
disease of a gland
Term
-penia
Definition
deficiency or abnormal reduction in number
Term
leukopenia
Definition
a deficiency of white blood cells
Term
-phobia
Definition
fear
Term
hydr/o
Definition
water
Term
hydrophobia
Definition
fear of water
Term
-plasia
Definition
formation, growth
Term
neoplasia
Definition
new formation or growth, referring to a tumor
Term
-rrhagia
Definition
abnormal discharge
Term
rhinorrhagia
Definition
abnormal discharge of the nose or nosebleed
Term
-rhea
Definition
discharge
Term
rhinorrhea
Definition
a nasal discharge or runny nose
Term
-rrhexis
Definition
rupture
Term
amniorrhexis
Definition
a rupture of the membrane known as the amnion, which encloses a fetus.
Term
-sclerosis
Definition
condition of hardening
Term
arteriosclerosis
Definition
the artery walls are hardening and losing their elasticity
Term
-spasm
Definition
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
Term
-ad
Definition
toward
Term
cephalad
Definition
toward the head
Term
-emia, -hemia
Definition
condition of blood
Term
poly-
Definition
excessive, over, many
Term
cyt
Definition
cell
Term
polycythemia
Definition
a condition in which there is an overproduction of red blood cells.
Term
-ae
Definition
plural
Term
Fistulae
Definition
more than one abnormal passages
Term
fistula
Definition
an abnormal passage from one organ to another
Term
-ac
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ar
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ary
Definition
pertaining to
Term
cardiac
Definition
pertaining to the heart
Term
cervical
Definition
pertaining to the cervix or neck
Term
ocular
Definition
pertaining to the eyes
Term
pulmonary
Definition
pertaining to the lungs
Term
cephalic
Definition
pertaining to the head
Term
nervous
Definition
pertaining to the nerves
Term
-iatry
Definition
treatment or specialty
Term
podiatry
Definition
diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the feet
Term
audiologist
Definition
a specialist who studies about and practices in evaluating and rehabilitating communications disorders that are caused by hearing disorders
Term
-practic
Definition
a practice
Term
chiropractic
Definition
the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders by manipulation of the spinal column and other body structures
Term
-centesis
Definition
surgical puncture
Term
-clasis
Definition
break apart
Term
-desis
Definition
surgical fixation, fusion
Term
-gram
Definition
a record or image
Term
-graphy
Definition
recording process
Term
-ion
Definition
process
Term
-pexy
Definition
surgical fixation, suspension
Term
-phylaxis
Definition
protection
Term
-tome
Definition
cutting instrument
Term
-tomy
Definition
incision, to cut
Term
-tripsy
Definition
surgical crushing
Term
ab-
Definition
away from
Term
bi-
Definition
two
Term
endo-
Definition
within
Term
hyper-
Definition
excessive, abnormally high, above
Term
hypo-
Definition
deficient, abnormally low, below
Term
intra-
Definition
within
Term
post-
Definition
to follow after
Term
pre-
Definition
to come before
Term
sub-
Definition
under, beneath, below
Term
abnormal
Definition
away from normal
Term
intravenous
Definition
pertaining to within a vein
Term
hypertension
Definition
High pressure
Term
anti-
Definition
against or opposite of
Term
anticonvulsive
Definition
a type of drug used to stop convulsions
Term
con-
Definition
with, together, or jointly
Term
contra-
Definition
counter or against
Term
Meta-
Definition
after or change
Term
metabolism
Definition
the process by which foods are changed into energy for use by the body.
Term
ambi-
Definition
both
Term
ambidextrous
Definition
ability to use both hands equally
Term
bifocal
Definition
pertaining to two focal points
Term
bicuspid
Definition
having two points
Term
bipara
Definition
a women who has given birth for the second time
Term
di-
Definition
double
Term
diplegia
Definition
double plegia, or paralysis of double (two) limbs.
Term
dipl-
Definition
double
Term
diplopia
Definition
a condition that perceives a single object as two images or double vision
Term
-opia
Definition
condition of vision
Term
hemi-
Definition
half
Term
hemiplegia
Definition
paralysis of half the body or in other words, on one side of the body
Term
mono-
Definition
one
Term
monoplegia
Definition
paralysis of one limb or muscle/muscle group.
Term
multi-
Definition
many, more than once, or numerous
Term
multipolar
Definition
a nerve cell that includes many branches, called dendrites, at one end of the cell
Term
multipara
Definition
women who has given birth multiple times, or more than once
Term
nulli-
Definition
none
Term
nullipara
Definition
the condition of never having given birth or no births
Term
nulligravida
Definition
never having been pregnant or no pregnancies
Term
pan-
Definition
all
Term
pandemic
Definition
a disease occurring over a wide geographic area
Term
pansinusitis
Definition
inflammation of all paranasal sinuses on one or both sides of the nose
Term
polyphagia
Definition
excessive eating
Term
polydipsia
Definition
excessive thirst
Term
polyuria
Definition
the excessive excretion of urine
Term
polyarteritis
Definition
the inflammation of many medium and small arteries where they branch
Term
primi-
Definition
first
Term
primipara
Definition
a woman who has given birth for the first time
Term
primigravida
Definition
a woman who is pregnant for the first time
Term
tetra-
Definition
four
Term
semiconscious
Definition
partially conscious
Term
tri-
Definition
three
Term
tripara
Definition
a woman who has given birth three times
Term
tricuspid
Definition
three valves which are membranous flaps that control blood flow between the right atrium and the right ventricle of the heart
Term
Uni-
Definition
one
Term
unipara
Definition
a woman has given birth to one
Term
ana-
Definition
up, toward
Term
tom
Definition
to cut
Term
-y
Definition
process of
Term
anatomy
Definition
process of cutting up
Term
nat
Definition
birth
Term
Ante-
Definition
before or to come before
Term
prenatal
Definition
before birth
Term
antenatal
Definition
before birth
Term
dialysis
Definition
to loosen through
Term
dia-
Definition
through
Term
-lysis
Definition
to loosen or dissolve
Term
dis-
Definition
apart or away
Term
dislocation
Definition
apart or away from its normal position in the body
Term
Ec-
Definition
outside or out
Term
ecto-
Definition
outside or out
Term
ectopic pregnancy
Definition
in which the fertilized egg implants somewhere outside the uterus
Term
endogastric
Definition
within the stomach
Term
ep-
Definition
upon, over, above, or on top
Term
epi-
Definition
upon, over, above, or on top
Term
Epidermis
Definition
the outermost layer of skin because it is over the dermis layer
Term
esotropia
Definition
a condition in which an eye is turned inward
Term
eso-
Definition
inward
Term
-tropia
Definition
condition of turning
Term
ex-
Definition
outside or away from
Term
exo-
Definition
outside or away from
Term
extropia
Definition
the eye is turned away from its normal position
Term
extra-
Definition
outside
Term
extracellular
Definition
outside the cell
Term
extracorporeal
Definition
outside the body
Term
extrauterine
Definition
within the uterus
Term
intradermal
Definition
within the layers of skin
Term
para-
Definition
alongside or abnormal
Term
paracusis
Definition
indicates abnormal hearing or a disorder in hearing
Term
peri-
Definition
around
Term
pericardium
Definition
the membrane that covers the area around the heart
Term
partum
Definition
birth
Term
postpartum
Definition
to follow after birth
Term
postnatal
Definition
to follow after birth
Term
sub-
Definition
below
Term
hypo-
Definition
below
Term
super-
Definition
above
Term
supra-
Definition
above
Term
superior
Definition
indicates a position above another point of reference
Term
sym-
Definition
together or joined
Term
syn-
Definition
together or joined
Term
syndrome
Definition
a group of symptoms or signs that occur together
Term
aseptic
Definition
sterile or pertaining to living pathogenic organisms
Term
asymptomatic
Definition
pertaining to not having symptoms
Term
an-
Definition
without or absence of
Term
anoxia
Definition
without oxygen
Term
bradycardia
Definition
abnormally slow heart rate
Term
bradykinesia
Definition
condition of slow motion
Term
kinesi/o
Definition
motion
Term
circum-
Definition
around
Term
circumcision
Definition
cut around; circumcision is a surgery to remove the foreskin around the penis
Term
dyslexia
Definition
a learning disability involving impaired reading, spelling, and writing ability.
Term
eu-
Definition
normal or good
Term
pnea
Definition
breathing
Term
eupnea
Definition
normal or good breathing
Term
heter-
Definition
different
Term
hetero-
Definition
different
Term
heterosexual
Definition
preferring to have sex with someone of a gender different from themselves
Term
Hyperthyroidism
Definition
a condition of excessive levels of thyroid hormones in the body
Term
hypothyroidism
Definition
a condition of abnormally low levels of thyroid hormones in the body, causing reduced energy and weight gain
Term
hypo-
Definition
deficient, abnormally low, or below
Term
hypocalcemia
Definition
the levels of calcium in the blood are low
Term
hypothermia
Definition
state of abnormally low body temperature
Term
macro-
Definition
large
Term
cyt/o
Definition
cell
Term
mal-
Definition
bad
Term
malabsorption
Definition
bad absorption
Term
mega-
Definition
large or great
Term
megalo-
Definition
large or great
Term
megalocyte
Definition
large cell
Term
micro-
Definition
small
Term
microscopy
Definition
using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye
Term
neonate
Definition
a baby within the first 28 days of life
Term
neo-
Definition
new
Term
nat/o
Definition
birth
Term
pseudo-
Definition
false
Term
pseudocyesis
Definition
false pregnancy
Term
tachy-
Definition
rapid, fast
Term
tachycardia
Definition
a rapid heart rate
Term
trans-
Definition
through, across, or beyond
Term
transvaginal
Definition
through or across the vagina
Term
transsexual
Definition
go through the process of crossing to another gender
Term
transverse
Definition
lie across or in a crosswise direction
Term
ultra-
Definition
beyond normal
Term
ultrasound
Definition
a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that provides images of internal structures by bouncing inaudible or beyond normal sound waves through the body
Term
abdomin/o
Definition
abdomen
Term
anter/o
Definition
front
Term
branchi/o
Definition
arm
Term
caud/o
Definition
tail
Term
cephal/o
Definition
head
Term
cervic/o
Definition
neck
Term
chondr/i
Definition
gristle, cartilage
Term
cran/o, crani/o
Definition
skull
Term
dist/o
Definition
distant
Term
dors/o
Definition
back
Term
femor/o
Definition
thigh, femur
Term
gluet/o
Definition
buttock
Term
hom/o, home/o
Definition
same
Term
ili/o
Definition
flank, hip, groin
Term
infer/o
Definition
below
Term
inguin/o
Definition
groin
Term
later/o
Definition
side
Term
lumb/o
Definition
loin, lower back
Term
medi/o
Definition
middle
Term
organ/o
Definition
tool
Term
pelv/o
Definition
bowl, basin
Term
physi/o
Definition
nature
Term
pleur/o
Definition
pleura, rib
Term
poster/o
Definition
back
Term
proxim/o
Definition
near
Term
super/o
Definition
above
Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest, thorax
Term
tom/o
Definition
to cut
Term
umbillic/o
Definition
navel, umbilicus
Term
ventr/o
Definition
belly
Term
Structure
Definition
the identification of body components and their locations relative to one another
Term
physiology
Definition
study of nature
Term
epigastric
Definition
on top of stomach
Term
hypogastric
Definition
below the stomach
Term
hypochondriac
Definition
below the cartilage of the ribs
Term
iliac
Definition
pertaining to the hip or groin
Term
lumbar
Definition
pertaining to the loin
Term
umbilical
Definition
pertaining to the navel
Term
Ventral cavity
Definition
is the anterior part of the body and is much larger than the dorsal cavity
Term
pericardial
Definition
pertaining to around the heart
Term
pleur
Definition
pleura, rib
Term
-al
Definition
pertaining to
Term
Mediastinum
Definition
containing the heart, the large blood vessels located above the the heart, and a gland called the thymus gland.
Term
abdominal
Definition
pertaining to the abdomen
Term
pelvic
Definition
pertaining to a bowl or basin
Term
homeostasis disease
Definition
a state of the body in which homeostasis has faltered due to any cause
Term
pathology
Definition
the study of disease
Term
path/o
Definition
disease
Term
chron/o
Definition
time
Term
pathologist
Definition
a physician who specializes in pathology or the study of disease
Term
diagnosis
Definition
identification of the illness
Term
dia-
Definition
through
Term
-gnosis
Definition
knowledge
Term
Sign
Definition
finding that is discovered during an examination
Term
Symptoms
Definition
experiences of a patient resulting from a disease
Term
fever
Definition
a common sign of an infectious disease
Term
Acute
Definition
a disease with a short duration often with a sharp effect
Term
Coryza
Definition
medical term for head cold
Term
chronic
Definition
disease persisting for a long time or constantly reoccurring
Term
infection
Definition
The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body
Term
etiology
Definition
the study or science of cause
Term
Trauma
Definition
physical injuries of sudden onset and severity which require immediate medical attention
Term
traumatic disease
Definition
diseases resulting from trauma
Term
prognosis
Definition
predicting a probable course of a disease and its probable outcome
Term
pro-
Definition
before
Term
diagnostic imaging
Definition
the technique and process of creating visual representations of the body's internal structure
Term
CT (CAT) scan
Definition
a diagnostic procedure that combines multiple x-rays and computer enhancements to produce three-dimensional images of internal body structures
Term
PET scan
Definition
a procedure that detects the journey of a radioactive labeled substance, such as glucose (sugar) through the body
Term
MRI
Definition
used to diagnose many forms of cancer, joint disease, and trauma
Term
Sonography
Definition
provides early glimpses of the developing fetus in the uterus
Term
integumentary system
Definition
The bodily system consisting of the skin and its associated structures, such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
Term
epidermis
Definition
on top of skin
Term
cutane/o
Definition
skin
Term
subcutaneous
Definition
below the skin
Term
dermatology
Definition
the medical field that specializes in the health and disease of the integumentary system
Term
dermat/o
Definition
skin
Term
dermatologist
Definition
a physician specializing in dermatology
Term
Abrasion
Definition
a common injury to the skin cause by scraping
Term
abscess
Definition
elevation of the skin containing a cavity, which is a sign of local infection
Term
cellulite
Definition
a local uneven surface of the skin and is a sign of subcutaneous fat deposition
Term
cicatrix
Definition
a clinical term for scar
Term
cicatrices
Definition
the plural clinical term for scars
Term
Comedo
Definition
the clinical term for pimple which means local elevation of the skin arising from a buildup of oil from sebaceous glands
Term
contusion
Definition
a discoloration of the and swelling of the skin usually resulting from a blow to the body
Term
cyanosis
Definition
a blue tinge of color to an area of the skin and is a sign of cardiovascular or respiratory disturbance
Term
cyan/o
Definition
blue
Term
cyst
Definition
a closed sac or pouch on the surface of the skin that is filled with liquid or semisolid material
Term
edema
Definition
when swelling occurs as the fluid accumulates in a confined space, such as beneath the skin
Term
erythema
Definition
redness of the skin it is a common sign of injury or infection
Term
fissure
Definition
a narrow break or slit in the skin.
Term
furuncle
Definition
local swelling on the skin
Term
induration
Definition
the process of becoming firm or hard
Term
jaundice
Definition
abnormal yellow coloration of the skin and eyes
Term
keloid
Definition
an overgrowth of scar tissue that forms an elevated lesion on the skin
Term
laceration
Definition
an injury resulting from a tear or cut by a sharp object with an irregular surface
Term
macule
Definition
a sign of sun damage to the skin, and the tendency to develop them is genetically determine
Term
Nevus
Definition
a pigmented spot usually called a mole
Term
pallor
Definition
abnormally pale color of the skin
Term
papule
Definition
describes a small, solid elevation on the skin
Term
petechiae
Definition
small red or purple dots appearing on the surface of the skin. the results are from an abnormal rupture of blood vessels in the dermis
Term
pruritis
Definition
a symptom of itchy skin
Term
purpura
Definition
usually the result of a hemorrhage that spreads through the skin
Term
pustule
Definition
an elevated area of the skin filled with pus
Term
ulcer
Definition
an erosion through the skin or mucous membrane.
Term
urticaria
Definition
a common allergic skin reaction to medications, foods, infection, or injury producing small fluid-filled skin elevations
Term
Verruca
Definition
A wart that is the sign of an infection by a papilloma virus
Term
vesicle
Definition
a small elevation of the epidermis that is filled with fluid such as a blister.
Term
wheal
Definition
a symptom of an allergic reaction of the skin often with a white center and a red perimeter
Term
ec-
Definition
outside, out
Term
par-
Definition
alongside, abnormal
Term
actin/o
Definition
radiation
Term
aden/o
Definition
gland
Term
albin/o
Definition
white
Term
carcin/o
Definition
cancer
Term
cellul/o
Definition
little cell
Term
chym/o
Definition
juice
Term
crypt/o
Definition
hidden
Term
derm/o, dermat/o
Definition
skin
Term
follicul/o
Definition
little follicle
Term
hidr/o
Definition
sweat
Term
kerat/o
Definition
hard
Term
melan/o
Definition
black
Term
myc/o
Definition
fungus
Term
onych/o
Definition
nail
Term
pedicul/o
Definition
body louse
Term
scler/o
Definition
hard
Term
trich/o
Definition
hair
Term
xer/o
Definition
dry
Term
-a
Definition
singular
Term
-ia
Definition
condition of
Term
-ic
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ism
Definition
condition or disease
Term
-itis
Definition
inflammation
Term
-malacia
Definition
softening
Term
-oma
Definition
tumor
Term
-osis
Definition
condition of
Term
-pathy
Definition
disease
Term
-rrhea
Definition
discharge
Term
Acne
Definition
an uncomfortable condition of the skin resulting from bacterial infection of sebaceous glands and ducts
Term
Actinic keratosis
Definition
a precancerous condition of the skin caused by exposure to sunlight
Term
actinic
Definition
pertaining to radiation
Term
keratosis
Definition
a condition of hard
Term
albinism
Definition
a genetic condition characterized by the reduction of the pigment melanin in the skin
Term
alopecia
Definition
a loss or lack of scalp hair often called male-pattern baldness
Term
Burn
Definition
an injury to the skin caused by exposure to fire, electricity, chemicals, or sunlight
Term
Total body surfaced area (TBSA)
Definition
the amount of surface area damage and the depth of the damage
Term
carbuncle
Definition
a skin infection composed of a cluster of boils.
Term
carcinoma
Definition
several forms of cancer that affects the skin
Term
cellulitis
Definition
inflammation of the connective tissue in the dermis
Term
folliculitis
Definition
inflammation of little follicles
Term
Dermatitis
Definition
inflammation of the skin
Term
Eczema
Definition
a superficial form of dermatitis and may also be called atopic dermatitis
Term
ecchymosis
Definition
a condition of the skin caused by leaking blood vessels in the dermis, producing purplish patches of purpura
Term
chym/o
Definition
juice
Term
herpes
Definition
a viral skin eruption producing clusters of deep blisters
Term
hyperhidrosis
Definition
condition of excessive sweat
Term
impetigo
Definition
a contagious skin infection that is characterized by the presence of golden crust following the rupture of the vesicles
Term
Kaposi's sarcoma
Definition
a form of skin cancer arising from the connective tissue of the dermis
Term
leukoderma
Definition
white skin
Term
melanoma
Definition
black tumor
Term
onychocryptosis
Definition
condition of hidden nail
Term
onychomalacia
Definition
softening of the nail
Term
onychomycosis
Definition
a fungal infection of one or more nails
Term
paronychia
Definition
an infection around the nail
Term
pediculosis
Definition
occurs mostly on the scalp, where it is called head lice, but it may be found in the pubic region and other parts of the body
Term
psoriasis
Definition
a painful, chronic disease of the skin characterized by the presence of red lesions covered with silvery epidermal scales
Term
scabies
Definition
a skin eruption caused by the female itch mite, which burrows into the skin to extract blood
Term
scleroderma
Definition
skin hardness
Term
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Definition
a chronic progressive disease of connective tissue in many organs including the skin.
Term
tinea
Definition
a fungal infection of the skin and is often called ringworm due to the ring-shaped pattern on the skin that forms in response to the fungi
Term
trichomycosis
Definition
a fungal infection of the hair
Term
xeroderma
Definition
abnormally dry skin
Term
biopsy
Definition
a minor surgery involving the removal of tissue for evaluation
Term
abras/o
Definition
to rub away
Term
aut/o
Definition
self
Term
rhytid/o
Definition
wrinkle
Term
debridement
Definition
excision of foreign matter and unwanted tissue
Term
dermabrasion
Definition
a form of cosmetic surgery, in which the skin is surgically changed to improve appearance
Term
dermatoautoplasty
Definition
a surgery involving the patient's own skin as a graft, usually after it has grown in a media solution
Term
dermatome
Definition
an instrument used to cut thin slices of skin for grafting.
Term
dermatoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the skin
Term
emollient
Definition
a chemical agent that softens or smooths the skin
Term
rhytidoplasty
Definition
the surgical repair of skin wrinkles
Term
rhytidectomy
Definition
the surgical removal of skin wrinkles
Term
arthr/o
Definition
joint
Term
articul/o
Definition
joint
Term
burs/o
Definition
purse or sac, bursa
Term
carp/o
Definition
wrist
Term
chondr/o
Definition
gristle, cartilage
Term
condyl/o
Definition
knuckle of a joint
Term
cost/o
Definition
rib
Term
fasci/o
Definition
fascia
Term
femor/o
Definition
thigh, femur
Term
fibr/o
Definition
fiber
Term
fibul/o
Definition
fibula
Term
ili/o
Definition
flank, hip, groin, ilium of pelvis
Term
ischi/o
Definition
haunch, hip joint, ischium
Term
menisc/o
Definition
meniscus
Term
muscul/o
Definition
muscle
Term
my/o, myos/o
Definition
muscle
Term
myel,o
Definition
bone marrow
Term
orth/o
Definition
straight
Term
ost/o, oste/o
Definition
bone
Term
pariet/o
Definition
wall
Term
patell/o
Definition
patella
Term
ped/o
Definition
child
Term
petr/o
Definition
stone
Term
phalang/o
Definition
phalanges
Term
phys/o
Definition
growth
Term
pub/o
Definition
pubis
Term
radi/o
Definition
radius
Term
sacr/o
Definition
sacred, sacrum
Term
skelet/o
Definition
skeleton
Term
spondyl/o
Definition
vertebra
Term
stern/o
Definition
chest, sternum
Term
synov/o, synovi/o
Definition
synovial
Term
tars/o
Definition
tarsal bone
Term
ten/o, tendon/o
Definition
stretch, tendon
Term
vertebr/o
Definition
vertebra
Term
orthopedic
Definition
the branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones or muscles
Term
orthopedist
Definition
a physician who corrects congenital or functional abnormalities of the bones with surgery, casting, and bracing
Term
tax/o
Definition
reaction to a stimulus
Term
arthralgia
Definition
condition of joint pain
Term
ataxia
Definition
the inability to coordinate muscles during a voluntary activity
Term
atrophy
Definition
lack of movement that reduces which leads to a reduction in muscle strength due to disuse or a sign of reduced muscle size
Term
bradykinesia
Definition
condition of slow movement
Term
decalcification
Definition
an abnormal reduction of calcium in the bone
Term
dyskinesia
Definition
condition of bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult motion
Term
dystrophy
Definition
a general symptom of progressive muscle weakness that is inherited
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
sign of excessive muscle growth or development
Term
troph
Definition
development
Term
myalgia
Definition
condition of muscle pain
Term
tenodynia
Definition
usually indicates minor injury to one or more tendons, often lasting weeks or months.
Term
ankyl/o
Definition
crooked
Term
carcin/o
Definition
cancer
Term
chondr/o
Definition
gristle, cartilage
Term
kyph/o
Definition
hump
Term
lord/o
Definition
bend forward
Term
por/o
Definition
hole
Term
sarc/o
Definition
flesh, meat
Term
scoli/o
Definition
curved
Term
spondyl/o
Definition
vertebra
Term
-asthenia
Definition
weakness
Term
-cele
Definition
hernia, swelling, protrusion
Term
-geneisis
Definition
origin, cause
Term
-plasia
Definition
formation, growth
Term
-ptosis
Definition
drooping
Term
achondroplasia
Definition
a condition characterized by abnormally short limbs and stature
Term
ankylosis
Definition
condition of crooked
Term
arthritis
Definition
joint inflammation
Term
osteoarthritis
Definition
a common condition when people age the joint structure becomes worn over time and are gradually replaced with bone
Term
rheumatoid arthritis
Definition
an autoimmune disease in which joint structures become eroded by the action of the body's own white blood cells
Term
arthrochondritis
Definition
a temporary condition caused by localized infection
Term
bunion
Definition
an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe
Term
bursitis
Definition
inflammation of a bursa
Term
bursolith
Definition
a calcium deposit within a bursa of the foot
Term
carpal tunnel syndrome
Definition
characterized by inflammation of the wrist that causes pressure against the median nerve, resulting in local pain and restricted movement.
Term
carpoptosis
Definition
a weakness of the wrist resulting in difficulty supporting the hand
Term
cramps
Definition
prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions cause pain wherever they occur, often striking the stomach wall or thigh muscles after strenuous exercise
Term
DJD
Definition
this type of disease is progressive, becoming worse in time. during the process of DJD, the articular cartridge degrades and is often replaced with bone.
Term
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Definition
children are occasionally born with a disease causing skeletal muscle degeneration, resulting in progressive muscle weakness and deterioration
Term
epicondylitis
Definition
an area of the elbow becomes inflamed, usually due to an injury
Term
fibromyalgia
Definition
condition of pain of the fibers and muscles
Term
fracture
Definition
break in the bones
Term
colles'
Definition
a break in the distal part of the radius
Term
comminuted
Definition
a break resulting in fragmentation of the bone
Term
compression
Definition
a crush break, often due to weight or pressure applied to a bone during a fall
Term
displaced
Definition
a break causing an abnormal alignment of bone pieces
Term
epiphyseal
Definition
a break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone
Term
greenstick
Definition
a slight break in the bone that appears as a slight fissure in an x-ray
Term
nondisplaced
Definition
a break in which the broken bones retain their alignment
Term
Pott's
Definition
a break at the ankle that affects both bones of the leg
Term
spiral
Definition
a spiral-shaped break often caused by twisting stresses along a long bone
Term
gout
Definition
often exacerbated by a diet high in protein because the disorder is caused by an abnormal accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, which are waste products of the metabolism
Term
herniated disk
Definition
a back injury often caused by a sudden movement or an attempt to lift a heavy object
Term
kyphosis
Definition
occurs when the upper thoracic curve bends posteriorly, causing an abnormal hump at the upper back that often accompanies osteoporosis
Term
lordosis
Definition
an exaggerated anterior spinal curve in the lumbar area
Term
scoliosis
Definition
a lateral curvature of the spine with a congenital origin, usually in the thoracic or lumbar regions
Term
Marfan's syndrome
Definition
a genetic disorder that affects the body's connective tissue
Term
meniscitis
Definition
a crescent-shaped band of cartilage that supports certain joints, such as the knee and shoulder
Term
myasthenia gravis
Definition
characterized by a progressive failure of muscles to respond to nerve simulation.
Term
myeloma
Definition
tumor of red bone marrow
Term
myocele
Definition
an injury to the muscle may cause the muscle to tear through the fascia, causing a protrusion
Term
myositis
Definition
a common result of muscle injury that causes local inflammation
Term
osteitis
Definition
inflammation of bone
Term
osteitis deformans
Definition
Better known today as Paget disease, this is a chronic bone disorder that typically results in enlarged, deformed bones due to excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue that can cause bones to weaken and may result in bone pain, arthritis, bony deformities and fractures
Term
osteosarcoma
Definition
bone cancer arising from connective tissue, usually within the bone itself
Term
osteogenesis imperfecta
Definition
imperfect bone development
Term
osteomalacia
Definition
a disease resulting in the softening of bones
Term
osteomyelitis
Definition
inflammation of red bone marrow and bone
Term
osteoporosis
Definition
the abnormal loss of bone density is a common result of aging, especially among postmenopausal women
Term
paraplegia
Definition
partial or complete paralysis of the lower half of the body with involvement of both legs that is usually due to injury or disease of the spinal cord in the thoracic or lumbar region
Term
quadriplegia
Definition
partial or complete paralysis of both the arms and legs that is usually due to injury or disease of the spinal cord in the region of the neck
Term
polymyositis
Definition
an autoimmune inflammatory disease of muscle that begins when white blood cells spontaneously invade muscles, especially those closest to the trunk or torso
Term
rickets
Definition
the bones become softened due to excessive removal of calcium for other body functions
Term
rotator cuff injury
Definition
trauma to the shoulder can tear one or more tendons and muscles
Term
spinal cord injury
Definition
a trauma to the vertebral column and if severe can cause paralysis of the areas of the body below the vertebral level of injury
Term
spondylarthritis
Definition
arthritis of the spine
Term
sprain
Definition
a tear of collagen fibers within a ligament
Term
strain
Definition
usually caused by stretching a muscle beyond its normal range
Term
temporomandibular joint disease
Definition
a group of symptoms that may include pain or tenderness in the joint or surrounding muscles, headache, earache, neck, back, or shoulder pain, limited jaw movement, or a clicking or popping sound in the jaw and that are caused either by dysfunction of the joint
Term
tendonitis
Definition
inflammation of tendon
Term
tennosynovitis
Definition
a form of tendonitis that also involves inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding the joint
Term
lamin/o
Definition
thin, lamina
Term
spondyl/o
Definition
vertebra
Term
syn/o
Definition
connect
Term
-centesis
Definition
surgical puncture
Term
-clasia, -clasis
Definition
break apart
Term
-ist
Definition
one who specializes
Term
arthrocentesis
Definition
A procedure in which a sterile needle and syringe are used to drain fluid from the joint
Term
arthroclasia
Definition
A forcible breaking up of the adhesions in an ankylosis to allow more mobility in the joint
Term
arthrodesis
Definition
surgical fixation of a joint
Term
arthrogram
Definition
a test using X-rays to obtain a series of pictures of a joint
Term
arthrolysis
Definition
a joint is loosened of abnormal restrictions, such as calcium deposits and bursoliths
Term
Arthroplasty
Definition
refers to joint replacement, the most common being hip replacement
Term
arthroscopy
Definition
a procedure for diagnosing and treating joint problems
Term
arthrotomy
Definition
a surgical incision into the synovial cavity of a joint
Term
bursectomy
Definition
is the removal of a bursa, which is a small sac filled with synovial fluid that cushions adjacent bone structures and reduces friction in joint movement
Term
chiropractic
Definition
the field of therapy that is centered on the manipulation of bones and joints.
Term
chondrectomy
Definition
surgical excision, or removal, of the cartilage associated with a joint
Term
myoplasty
Definition
the plastic surgery of muscle, in which part of a muscle is used to repair tissue defects or deformities in the vicinity of the muscle
Term
myorrhaphy
Definition
suturing of a wound in a muscle
Term
NSAIDs
Definition
pharmacological treatment for any condition, including inflammation and pain of muscles or bone tissues
Term
orthotics
Definition
branch of medicine that deals with the provision and use of artificial devices such as splints and braces
Term
ostectomy
Definition
a procedure involving the removal of bone
Term
osteoclasis
Definition
is performed to reconstruct a bone that is malformed, often a broken bone that healed improperly
Term
osteopathy
Definition
branch of medical practice that emphasizes the treatment of medical disorders through the manipulation and massage of the bones, joints, and muscles
Term
osteoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the bone
Term
podiatry
Definition
specialty that focuses on foot health
Term
RICE
Definition
is a mnemonic for four elements of treatment for soft tissue injuries an acronym for Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation
Term
tenomyoplasty
Definition
surgical procedure involving the repair of both muscle and tendon
Term
tenorrhaphy
Definition
Suture of the divided ends of a tendon to close a tear
Term
tenotomy
Definition
a surgical act which involves the division of a tendon
Term
vertebroplasty
Definition
a medical procedure for reducing pain caused by a vertebral compression fracture that involves injection of an acrylic cement into the body of the fractured vertebra for stabilization
Term
aden/o
Definition
gland
Term
bacteri/o
Definition
bacteria
Term
blast/o
Definition
germ, budding, developing cell
Term
erythr/o
Definition
red
Term
immun/o
Definition
exempt, immunity
Term
lymph/o
Definition
clear water or fluid
Term
splen/o
Definition
spleen
Term
thromb/o
Definition
clot
Term
thym/o
Definition
wartlike, thymus gland
Term
tox/o
Definition
poison
Term
anisocytosis
Definition
condition of without equal cells
Term
bacteremia
Definition
condition of bacteria in the blood
Term
erythropenia
Definition
Deficiency in the number of red blood cells
Term
erythrocytopenia
Definition
deficiency of red blood cells
Term
hemolysis
Definition
dissolve blood
Term
hemorrhage
Definition
abnormal loss of blood from circulation is a sign of trauma or illness
Term
leukopenia
Definition
an abnormally reduced number of white blood cells in a sample of blood
Term
macrocytosis
Definition
condition of large cell
Term
poikilocytosis
Definition
condition of irregular cell
Term
polycythemia
Definition
an abnormal increase in red blood cells in blood resulting from a genetic mutation within cells of the red blood marrow
Term
splenomegaly
Definition
abnormally large spleen
Term
thrombopenia
Definition
an abnormally reduced number of platelets in a sample of blood
Term
Toxemia
Definition
condition of blood poison
Term
ana-
Definition
up, toward
Term
botul/o
Definition
sausage
Term
globin/o
Definition
protein
Term
iatr/o
Definition
physician
Term
idi/o
Definition
individual
Term
necr/o
Definition
death
Term
nosocom/o
Definition
hospital
Term
nucle/o
Definition
kernel, nucleus
Term
sept/o
Definition
putrefying; wall or partition
Term
staphylococc/o
Definition
staphylococcus (bacterium)
Term
streptococc/o
Definition
streptococcus (bacterium)
Term
thym/o
Definition
wartlike, thymus gland
Term
-genic
Definition
pertaining to producing, forming
Term
-phylaxis
Definition
protection
Term
AIDS
Definition
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Term
allergy
Definition
the body's immune response to allergens, which are foreign substances that produce a reaction including immediate inflammation
Term
anaphylaxis
Definition
is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to
Term
anemia
Definition
without blood
Term
anthrax
Definition
disease causing microorganisms to cause harm to a population
Term
autoimmune disease
Definition
self-exempt or self-immunity
Term
botulism
Definition
one lethal form of food poisoning
Term
communicable disease
Definition
a disease that is capable of transmission from one person to another
Term
diphtheria
Definition
an infectious disease resulting in acute inflammation of the mucus membranes, primarily in the mouth and throat
Term
dyscrasia
Definition
any abnormal condition of the blood
Term
edema
Definition
leakage of fluid from the bloodstream
Term
fungemia
Definition
condition of blood fungus
Term
hematoma
Definition
contusion or bruise that is visible through the skin and is usually the result of injury or disease
Term
hemoglobinopathy
Definition
disease of blood protein
Term
hemophilia
Definition
love for blood
Term
hemorrhagic fever
Definition
an infectious disease that causes internal bleeding, or internal hemorrhage
Term
iatrogenic disease
Definition
a condition caused by medical treatment
Term
immunodeficiency
Definition
a condition resulting from a defective immune response.
Term
immunosuppression
Definition
the suppressed status of the immune response
Term
incompatibility
Definition
combination of two blood types that results in the destruction of red blood cells
Term
infection
Definition
he invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body
Term
inflammation
Definition
swelling, redness, heat, and pain
Term
influenza
Definition
the flu
Term
leukemia
Definition
condition of white blood cells a form of cancer
Term
lymphadenitis
Definition
inflammation of the lymph nodes
Term
lymphoma
Definition
A tumor of the lymphoid tissue
Term
malaria
Definition
bad air
Term
measles
Definition
an acute contagious disease that is caused by a morbillivirus and is marked especially by an eruption of distinct red circular spots
Term
mononucleosis
Definition
Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus in which there is an increase of white blood cells that have a single nucleus
Term
necrosis
Definition
the death of one or more cells or a portion of tissue or organ
Term
nosocomial infection
Definition
Originating or taking place in a hospital, acquired in a hospital due to lack of hand washing
Term
plague
Definition
any infectious disease that is widespread and causes extensive mortality
Term
rabies
Definition
virus that affects the central nervous system to cause paranoia and paralysis and is usually fatal
Term
septicemia
Definition
blood poisoning
Term
smallpox
Definition
is characterized by skin eruption with pustules, sloughing, and scar formation
Term
staphylococcemia
Definition
the presence of staphylococci in the circulating blood
Term
streptococcemia
Definition
The presence of streptococci in the blood
Term
tetanus
Definition
an acute infectious disease characterized by tonic spasm of voluntary muscles
Term
thymoma
Definition
a tumor originating in the thymus gland
Term
antibiotic therapy
Definition
treatment involving the use of a substance with known toxicity to bacteria
Term
anticoagulant
Definition
chemical agent that delays or prevents the clotting process in blood
Term
antiretroviral therapy
Definition
therapy that is useful in battling a class of viruses that tend to mutate quickly, called retroviruses
Term
attenuation
Definition
process in which pathogens are rendered less infectious, prior to their incorporation into a vaccine preparation
Term
autologous transfusion
Definition
a transfusion of blood donated by a patient for their personal use
Term
blood chemistry
Definition
a test on a sample of plasma to measure the levels of its composition
Term
blood culture
Definition
a clinical test to determine infection in the blood
Term
blood transfusion
Definition
the introduction of blood, blood products, or a blood substitute into a patient's circulation to restore blood volumes to normal levels
Term
bone marrow transplant
Definition
commonly used to treat leukemia, involves the removal of a sample from a donor usually from red bone marrow in the pelvis, and into the donor's red blood marrow
Term
coagulation time
Definition
timed blood test to determine the time required for a blood clot to form
Term
complete blood count
Definition
CBC; evaluates a sample of blood to provide diagnostic information about a person's general health
Term
differential count
Definition
microscopic count of the number of each type of white blood cell
Term
hematocrit
Definition
procedure that measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood
Term
hematology
Definition
field of medicine focusing on blood-related disease
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
measures the level of hemoglobin in red blood cells
Term
hemostasis
Definition
stoppage of bleeding
Term
homologous transfusion
Definition
transfusion of blood that is voluntarily donated by another person
Term
immunization
Definition
treatment that establishes immunity against a particular foreign substance that may otherwise cause disease
Term
immunology
Definition
body's ability to defend against infection
Term
lymphadenectomy
Definition
surgical removal of one or more lymph nodes
Term
platelet count
Definition
a lab procedure that calculates the number of platelets in a known volume of blood
Term
prophylaxis
Definition
any treatment that tends to prevent the onset of an infection or any type of disease
Term
red blood count
Definition
measures the amount of red blood cells in a given volume of blood
Term
splenectomy
Definition
surgical removal of the spleen
Term
thrombolysis
Definition
dissolve an unwanted blood clot
Term
vaccination
Definition
inoculation of a foreign substance that has a reduced ability to cause infection
Term
vaccine
Definition
a preparation that is used to activate an immune response to provide acquired immunity against an infectious agent
Term
angina pectoris
Definition
insufficient supply of oxygen and chest pain
Term
angiospasm
Definition
blood vessel spasms
Term
angiostenosis
Definition
narrowing vessels which causes a reduction of blood flow
Term
arrhythmia
Definition
abnormal heart beat
Term
bradycardia
Definition
abnormally slow heart rate, under 60 beats per minute
Term
cardiodynia
Definition
common term for chest pain
Term
cardiogenic
Definition
sign or symptom originating from heart
Term
cyanosis
Definition
blue tinge on skin, caused by lack of oxygen in tissues, sign of respitory failure
Term
palpitation
Definition
pounding, racing, or skipping heartbeat
Term
tachycardia
Definition
rapid heart rate, exceeds 100 beats per minute at rest
Term
syncope
Definition
waiting, result of temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain
Term
aneurysm
Definition
abnormal bulging of an arterial wall
Term
angiocarditis
Definition
inflammation of heart and blood vessels
Term
angioma
Definition
tumor arising from a blood vessel
Term
aortic insufficiency
Definition
aortic valve doesn't close all the way, letting blood go back into left ventricle, causing it to work harder
Term
aortic stenosis
Definition
narrowing of aortic valve, located between left ventricle and aorta
Term
aortitis
Definition
inflammation of aorta
Term
arteriopathy
Definition
general term for disease of an artery
Term
arteriosclerosis
Definition
artery wall thickens and loses elasticity, resulting in reduced flow of blood to the tissues
Term
artherosclerosis
Definition
fatty plaques form along inner walls of arteries, reduces blood flow
Term
atrial septal defect
Definition
hole in wall between atria, letting blood flow through, infant becomes starved of oxygen
Term
atriomegaly
Definition
abnormally enlarged or dilated atria
Term
atrioventricular block
Definition
injury to AV node, caused by myocardial infraction
Term
cardiac arrest
Definition
cessation of heart activity
Term
cardiac tamponade
Definition
acute compression of the heart due to the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity
Term
cardiomegaly
Definition
abnormally enlargement of the heart
Term
cardiomyopathy
Definition
disease of the myocardium of the heart
Term
cadiovalvulitis
Definition
inflammation of the valves of the heart
Term
coarctation
Definition
congenital heart disease affecting infants aorta. Aorta pressed together which reduces circulation of blood
Term
congestive heart failure (CHF)
Definition
failure of left ventricle to pump enough blood, heart must work hards which leads to cardiomegaly
Term
cor pulmonale
Definition
enlargement of right ventricle resulting from congestion of the pulmonary circulation
Term
coronary artery disease (CAD)
Definition
general term for a disease that affects coronary arteries supplying the heart
Term
coronary occlusion
Definition
blockage within a coronary artery
Term
embolism
Definition
blockage due to a blood clot or other foreign particle
Term
endocarditis
Definition
inflammation of the endocardium, the thin membrane lining the inside of the walls of the heart chambers
Term
fibrillation
Definition
condition of uncoordinated, rapid contractions of the muscles bring the ventricles or atria
Term
heart block
Definition
block or delay of the normal electrical conduction of the heart
Term
heart murmur
Definition
abnormal sound of heart heard during auscultation
Term
hemorrhoids
Definition
presence of dilated veins in the anal region
Term
hypertension
Definition
persistently high blood pressure
Term
hypotention
Definition
abnormally low blood pressure
Term
ischemia
Definition
abnormally low flow of blood to the tissues
Term
myocardial infarction
Definition
death of a portion of the myocardium
Term
myocarditis
Definition
inflammation of the myocardium
Term
patent ductus arteriosus
Definition
congenital condition, opening between pulmonary artery and aorta
Term
pericarditis
Definition
inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart, pericardium
Term
phlebitis
Definition
inflammation of vein
Term
polyarteritis
Definition
inflammation of many arteries
Term
septicemia
Definition
bacterial infection of the bloodstream
Term
tetralogy of Fallot
Definition
four defects of heart at birth: narrowing of pulmonary valve, ventricular septal defect, incorrect position of aorta, and right ventricle hypertrophy.
Term
thrombosis
Definition
presence of stationary blood clots within one or more blood vessels
Term
varicosis
Definition
abnormally dilated vein
Term
ventricular septal defect
Definition
opening in the septum separating right and left ventricles, congenital
Term
angiography
Definition
x-ray, MRI, or CT of a blood vessel after injection of contrast medium
Term
angioplasty
Definition
surgical repair of a blood vessel
Term
angioscopy
Definition
use endoscope to observe a diseased blood vessel and to assess any lesions
Term
angiostomy
Definition
creation of an opening into a blood vessel, usually for insertion of a catheter
Term
angiotomy
Definition
surgical incision into a blood vessel
Term
aortography
Definition
x-ray image, MRI, or CT scan image of aorta
Term
arteriography
Definition
procedure that obtains image of an artery
Term
arteriotomy
Definition
incision into an artery
Term
auscultation
Definition
part of a physical exam that involves listening to internal sounds using a stethoscope
Term
cardiac catheterization
Definition
insertion of a narrow flexible tube called a catheter, through a blood vessel leading into the heart
Term
cardiac pacemaker
Definition
battery-powered device implanted under the skin and wired to inner wall of heart to help control abnormal heart rhythms
Term
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Definition
emergency procedure that is used to maintain some blood flow to vital organs until heart can be restarted
Term
coronary artery bypass graft
Definition
removing blood vessel from another part of body and inserting it into the coronary circulation
Term
coronary stent
Definition
an artificial, metallic scaffold used to support an injured blood vessel, compress an atherosclerotic plaque, or anchor a surgical implant or graft
Term
defibrillation
Definition
electric charge to chest to stop heart and then restart it with a more normal heart rhythm.
Term
Doppler sonography
Definition
ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow through a blood vessel
Term
echocardiography
Definition
ultrasound proceed that directs sound waves though the heart to observe heart structures in an effort to evaluate heart function
Term
electrocardiography (EKG)
Definition
electrodes are pasted to the skin of the chest to detect and record the electrical cents of the heart conduction system
Term
embolectomy
Definition
surgical removal of a floating blood clot
Term
endarterectomy
Definition
removal of inner lining of an artery to remove a fatty plaque
Term
Holter moniter
Definition
portable electrocardiograph, may be worn by the patient to monitor electrical activity of the heart over 24-hour periods
Term
nitroglycerin
Definition
drug that is commonly used as an emergency vasodilator as a treatment for severe angina pectoris or myocardial infarction-improves blood flow to heart and other vital organs
Term
phlebectomy
Definition
surgical removal of a vein
Term
phlebotomy
Definition
a puncture into a vein to remove blood for sampling of donation
Term
positron emission tomography scan (PET)
Definition
a noninvasive procedure that provides blood flow images using positron emission tomography techniques combined with radioactive isotope labeling
Term
sphygmomanometry
Definition
measures arterial blood pressure
Term
thrombolytic therapy
Definition
treatments to dissolve unwanted blood clots (necessary after surgery)
Term
treadmill stress test
Definition
exercise during echocardiography or electrocardiorgaphy in an effort to examine here function under stress
Term
valvuloplasty
Definition
surgical repair of a heart valve
Term
acid-fast bacilli smear (AFB)
Definition
clinical test performed on sputum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which causes tuberculosis
Term
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Definition
respiratory failure that can occur with underlying illnesses or injury
Term
adenoidectomy
Definition
excision of the adenoids
Term
adenoid/o
Definition
adenoids
Term
adenoids
Definition
two lymphatic structures located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx that enlarge during childhood and shrink during puberty
Term
airway
Definition
any part to the respiratory track through which air can pass during normal breathing
Term
-algia
Definition
pain
Term
alveolar
Definition
pertaining to the alveoli
Term
alveoli
Definition
sac-like cavities located off the bronchioles where gas is exchanged between the lungs and the blood
Term
alveol/o
Definition
alveolus
Term
anoxic
Definition
pertaining to the absence of oxygen
Term
antibiotic
Definition
drug that acts against susceptible microorganisms
Term
antihistamine
Definition
drug used to stop the effects of histamine
Term
antitubercular
Definition
drug contained in a vaccine used to lower the risk of getting tuberculosis
Term
antitussive
Definition
drug that suppresses the cough center to stop coughing
Term
aphonia
Definition
loss of the voice as a result of injury to the larynx
Term
apnea
Definition
absence of breathing
Term
apneic
Definition
pertaining to or suffering from apnea
Term
arterial blood gases (ABG)
Definition
test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other present gasses
Term
aspiration
Definition
removal of accumulated fluid by suction
Term
aspir/o
Definition
to breathe/suck in
Term
asthma
Definition
chronic severe breathing disorder characterized by attacks of wheezing due to inflammation and narrowing of the airways
Term
atelectasis
Definition
decrease or loss of air in the lung, causing loss of lung volume and possible lung collapse
Term
atel/o
Definition
incomplate
Term
ausculat/o
Definition
listening
Term
auscultation
Definition
physical examination method of listening to body sounds with a stethoscope
Term
bacterial pneumonia
Definition
pneumonia caused by bacterial infection
Term
bronchi
Definition
the two subdivisions of the trachea serving to convey air to and from the lungs
Term
bronchial
Definition
pertaining to the bronchus
Term
bronch/o, bronch/i
Definition
bronchus
Term
bronchiectasis
Definition
an irreversible widening of portions of the bronchi resulting from damage to the airway wall
Term
bronchioles
Definition
finer subdivisions of the bronchi located in the lungs
Term
bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia (BOOP)
Definition
obstructive lung condition characterized by granulation tissue plugs in the bronchioles that extend to the alveoli
Term
bronchitis
Definition
inflammation of the bronchi
Term
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
Definition
a procedure performed during bronchoscopy to collect alveoli cells; saline solution is instilled into distal bronchi and withdrawn along with the cells
Term
bronchodilator
Definition
drug that dilates the bronchial wall, allowing air to pass through
Term
bronchoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the bronchus
Term
bronchopneumonia
Definition
infection of the smaller bronchi tubes of the lungs
Term
bronchoscopy
Definition
an endoscopic examination of the larynx and airways
Term
capn/o, capn/i
Definition
carbon dioxide
Term
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Definition
a medical procedure to ventilate the lungs and artificially circulate the blood if a patient has stopped breathing and the heart has stopped
Term
carina
Definition
a cartilaginous ring that divides into and is continuous with the two main/ principal bronchi
Term
-cele
Definition
herniation, protrusion
Term
-centesis
Definition
puncture to aspirate
Term
chest radiograph (CXR)
Definition
radiographic images of chest used to evaluate the lungs and heart
Term
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Definition
respiratory pattern with alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing
Term
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Definition
disorders with permanent or temporary narrowing of small bronchi, in which forced expiratory flow is slowed
Term
cilia
Definition
fine hair-like projections on the mucous membranes inside the nose
Term
computed tomography scan (CT)
Definition
x-ray technique producing computer generated cross-sectioned images
Term
continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP)
Definition
a breathing apparatus that pumps constant pressurized air through the nasal passages via a mask to keep the airway open
Term
corticosteroid
Definition
drug that reduces bronchial inflammation and airway obstruction, improving lung function
Term
cost/o
Definition
rib
Term
croup
Definition
acute obstruction of the upper airway in infants characterized by a barking cough
Term
decongestant
Definition
drug that relieves congestion
Term
diaphragm
Definition
muscular partition between the abdominal and thoracic cavities
Term
diaphragmatic
Definition
pertaining to the diaphragm
Term
diaphragmatocele
Definition
hernia of the diaphragm
Term
diaphragmat/o, phren/o
Definition
diaphragm
Term
dys-
Definition
painful, difficult, abnormal
Term
dysphonia
Definition
vocal difficulty
Term
em-
Definition
in
Term
-emia
Definition
blood condition
Term
emphysema
Definition
lung condition involving permanent damage of very fine alveoli and airways, thus decreasing respiratory function
Term
empyema
Definition
localized collection of pus in the thoracic cavity resulting from lung infection
Term
endotracheal
Definition
pertaining to within the trachea
Term
endotracheal intubation
Definition
a medical procedure in which a tube is inserted between the vocal chords in the larynx and into the trachea to establish an airway for breathing purposes
Term
epiglottis
Definition
flap of cartilage that covers the upper region of the larynx during swallowing to prevent food or other matter from entering the lungs
Term
epiglott/o
Definition
epiglottis
Term
epistaxis
Definition
bleeding from the nose
Term
eu-
Definition
good, normal
Term
expectorant
Definition
drug that helps bring up mucous and other material from the lungs and helps to lubricate irritated respiratory tract
Term
external respiration
Definition
the process of inspiration and expiration
Term
glottis
Definition
vocal structure of the larynx
Term
hemothorax
Definition
blood located in the pleural cavity
Term
hyperbaric medicine
Definition
medicinal use of high barometric pressure, usually in specially constructed chambers to increase oxygen content of blood and tissues
Term
hypoxemia
Definition
decreased level of oxygen in the blood
Term
hypoxia
Definition
decreased levels of oxygen in the tissues
Term
hypoxic
Definition
pertaining to a low level of oxygen
Term
in-
Definition
not
Term
incentive spirometry
Definition
a procedure to encourage patients to breathe deeply by using a plastic device called a spirometer
Term
influenza
Definition
an acute contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses
Term
inspiration
Definition
the process of breathing in
Term
intercostal
Definition
pertaining to the area between the ribs
Term
internal respiration
Definition
the exchange of gasses between the blood in the capillaries and the cells of the body
Term
interstitial lung disease (ILD)
Definition
group of chronic lung disorders affecting the tissue between the air sacs of the lungs causing irreversible inflammation and fibrosis, or scarring
Term
laryngoscopy
Definition
endoscopic examination of the larynx
Term
laryngospasm
Definition
involuntary movement of the larynx
Term
laryngotraceotomy
Definition
incision of the larynx and trachea
Term
larynx
Definition
air passageway located between the pharynx and the trachea that holds the vocal cords
Term
lobar
Definition
pertaining to the lobe
Term
lobar pneumonia
Definition
infection of the alveoli caused by fluid and pus filling an entire lobe of the lung
Term
lobectomy
Definition
excision of a lobe of the lung
Term
lobes
Definition
subdivisions of the lungs: three on the right and two on the left
Term
lob/o
Definition
lobe
Term
lungs
Definition
pair of spongy organs of respiration in which the blood is aerated
Term
mechanical ventilation
Definition
use of automatic mechanical device to perform the work of breathing
Term
mediastinal
Definition
pertaining to the mediastinum
Term
mediastin/o
Definition
medistinum
Term
mediastinum
Definition
area of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
Term
muc/o
Definition
mucus
Term
mucous
Definition
pertaining to the mucus
Term
nasal
Definition
pertaining to the nose
Term
nasal septum
Definition
dividing wall between the left and right nasal cavities
Term
nasopharyngitis
Definition
inflammation of the nasal cavity and pharynx
Term
nasopharyngoscopy
Definition
endoscopic examination of the nasal passages and pharynx
Term
nas/o, rhin/o
Definition
nose
Term
nebulizer (atomizer)
Definition
device for administering a drug by spraying a fine mist into the nose
Term
nose
Definition
anatomic structure positioned above the hard palate that provides an air passageway, which acts as a filter to moisten air and filter air
Term
orthopnea
Definition
discomfort in breathing due to lying flat
Term
otorhinolaryngology
Definition
a medical specialty concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat
Term
ox/o, ox/a
Definition
oxygen
Term
pansinusitis
Definition
inflammation of all sinuses
Term
paranasal sinuses
Definition
paired air-filled cavities in the bones of the face that are connected to the nasal cavity
Term
parietal layer
Definition
outer layer of the pleura that attaches to the chest wall
Term
patent
Definition
open or exposed
Term
peak flow monitoring
Definition
test that measures the rate of air flow
Term
percussion
Definition
a physical examination method of tapping over the body to ellicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity
Term
pertussis (whooping cough)
Definition
acute infectious inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi caused by Bordetella pertussis
Term
pharyngoscopy
Definition
endoscopic examination of the pharynx
Term
pharynx
Definition
space behind the mouth that serves as a passage for food from the mouth to the esophagus and for air from the nose and mouth to the larynx
Term
-phonia
Definition
condition of the voice
Term
phon/o
Definition
sound, voice
Term
phrenic
Definition
pertaining to the diaphragm
Term
pleura
Definition
membrane surrounding the lungs and lining the walls of the pleural cavity
Term
pleural
Definition
pertaining to the pleura
Term
pleural cavity
Definition
space between the layers of the pleura
Term
pleural effusion
Definition
collection of fluid or blood in the pleural space around the lung
Term
pleuritic
Definition
pertaining to the pleurisy
Term
pleuritis
Definition
inflammation of the pleura
Term
pneumococcal pneumonia
Definition
form of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
Term
pneumonia
Definition
bacterial infection and inflammation within the lobes of the lung
Term
pneumonitis
Definition
inflammation of the lungs
Term
pneumon/o, pneumat/o, pneum/o
Definition
lung, air
Term
pneumothorax
Definition
the presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity
Term
polysomnography
Definition
monitoring and recording normal and abnormal activity during sleep
Term
pulmonary edema
Definition
buildup of fluid in the lungs
Term
pulmonary embolism
Definition
obstruction of pulmonary circulation by blood clot
Term
pulmonary function tests (PFT)
Definition
tests performed to measure breathing; used to determine respiratory function; useful in distinguishing chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases from asthma
Term
pulmon/o
Definition
lung
Term
pulmonology
Definition
medical specialty concerned with diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract
Term
pulse oximetry
Definition
measurement of oxygen saturation in the blood
Term
purified protein derivative skin test (PPD)
Definition
skin test used to determine if the patient has immunity to tuberculosis
Term
radiography
Definition
examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of x-ray
Term
rales (crackles)
Definition
crackling or bubbling lung noises heard on inspiration that indicate fluid in the alveoli
Term
reactive airway disease (RAD)
Definition
condition characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing after exposure to an irritant
Term
respiration
Definition
the process involving the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and body cells
Term
respiratory failure (RF)
Definition
a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low and the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high
Term
rhinitis
Definition
inflammation of the mucous membranes within the nasal cavity
Term
rhinoscopy
Definition
endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity
Term
rhonchi
Definition
abnormal whistling, humming or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration
Term
rubs
Definition
friction sounds in the lungs caused by pleura inflammation
Term
sept/o
Definition
septum
Term
sinusitis
Definition
inflammation of the sinus
Term
spir/o
Definition
breath
Term
stridor
Definition
whistling sound heard on inspiration that indicates partial obstruction of trachea or larynx
Term
tachy-
Definition
rapid, fast
Term
tachypnea
Definition
abnormally fast respiration rate
Term
thoracoscopy
Definition
endoscopic examination of the thorax
Term
thorax
Definition
anatomic region formed by the sternum, thoracic vertebrae, and the ribs, extending from the neck to the diaphragm
Term
tonsillar
Definition
pertaining to tonsils
Term
tonsillitis
Definition
inflammation of the tonsil
Term
tonsil/o
Definition
tonsil
Term
palatine tonsils
Definition
two structures of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the throat
Term
trachea
Definition
air passage extending from the larynx into the thorax
Term
upper respiratory infection (URI)
Definition
acute infection involving the nose, sinus, larynx, or pharynx, commonly called a cold
Term
ventilation
Definition
the distribution of gas into and out of the lungs
Term
ventilation-perfusion scan (V/Q)
Definition
test used to assess distribution of blood flow and ventilation through both lungs
Term
video-assisted thorascopic surgery (VATS)
Definition
thoracic surgery performed using endoscopic cameras, optical systems, and display screens
Term
visceral layer
Definition
inner layer of the pleura that attaches to the lungs
Term
wheeze
Definition
airy, whistling sound
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