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Cattle (Beef and Dairy) Terminology
N/A
42
Agriculture
Undergraduate 1
11/13/2011

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Term
Bull
Definition
a sexually mature male
Term
Cow
Definition
a female that has produced a calf
Term
Heifer
Definition
a female that has not produced a calf
Term
heiferette
Definition
a heifer that has calved once, dried up and is then fed for slaughter
Term
Steer
Definition
a castrated male
Term
Calf
Definition
a young cattle (less than 1 year) of either sex
Term
Calve
Definition
the act of giving birth
Term
Stocker
Definition
weaned cattle that are run on grass or fed high roughage diets
Term
Cow-Calf Operation
Definition
a management unit that maintains a breeding herd of cows and produces weaned calves for sale
Term
Yearling
Definition
a cattle of either sex that is 1 to 2 years of age
Term
Crossbred
Definition
an animal that is a product of the crossing of two or more breeds
Term
Feeder Cattle
Definition
those requiring more growth and/or fattening before slaughter
Term
Feedlot
Definition
beef cattle enterprise where cattle are placed in confinement, fed harvested feeds and fattened for slaughter
Term
Seedstock Producer
Definition
enterprise that produces breeding animals for the commercial segment of the industry
Term
Backgrounding
Definition
growing program for feeder cattle from time calves are weaned until they are on a finishing ration in the feedlot
Term
Beef
Definition
meat from cattle (bovine species) other than calves. Meat from calves is called veal
Term
Beef Checkoff Program
Definition
Beef promotion and Research Act established in October 1986. Each time cattle are marketed, $1 per head is paid by the seller to the Beef Industry Council (BIC). Month is used in promotion, research, and education. Generates approximately $70 million per year.
Term
Biological type
Definition
usually refers to size of cattle (large, medium or small). growth rate, milk production (high, medium, or low), and age at puberty
Term
Bovine
Definition
refers to a general family grouping of cattle
Term
Boxed beef
Definition
cuts of beef put in boxes for shipping from packing plant to retailers. These primal (round, loins, ribs, and chuck) and subprimal cuts are intermediate cuts between the carcass and retail cuts
Term
Branded beef product
Definition
a specifically labeled product that is differentiated from commodity items by its brand name. Certified Angus beef is an example
Term
British breeds
Definition
breeds of cattle, such as Angus, Hereford, and Shorthorn, originating in Great Britain
Term
Bullock
Definition
young bull, typically less than 20 months of age
Term
Calf crop
Definition
number or percentage of calves produced within a herd in a given year relative to the number of cows and heifers in the breeding herd
Term
Chuck
Definition
Wholesale cut (shoulder) of the beef carcass
Term
Conditioning
Definition
treatment of cattle by vaccination and other means prior to putting them in the feedlot
Term
Cud
Definition
Bolus of feed that cattle regurgitate for further chewing
Term
Custom feeding
Definition
cattle feeders who provide facilities, labor, feed, and care as a service but they do not own the cattle
Term
European breed (continental breed or exotic breed)
Definition
breed originating in European countries other than England (these are called British breeds); a larger dual-purpose breed such as Charolais, Simmental, and Limousin
Term
Fed cattle
Definition
steers and heifers that have been fed concentrates, usually for 90-120 days in a feedlot
Term
Feedyard
Definition
cattle-feeding facility
Term
Finished cattle
Definition
fed cattle whose time in the feedlot is completed and are now ready for slaughter
Term
Herd
Definition
group of cattle (usually cows) that are in a similar management program
Term
Hide
Definition
skins from cattle
Term
Long yearling
Definition
animal between 19 months and 2 years of age
Term
Maverick
Definition
unbranded animal, usually on the range
Term
Middle meats
Definition
rib and loin of a beef carcass. These primals generally yield the highest-priced beef cuts
Term
Preconditioning
Definition
preparation of feeder calves for marketing and shipment, may include vaccinations, castration, and training calves to eat and drink in pens
Term
Short yearling
Definition
animal is over 1 year of age but under 18 months of age
Term
"Show List" or "Show Pens"
Definition
slaughter cattle that are ready for the cattle feeder to "show" the packer buyers
Term
Stocker
Definition
weaned cattle that are fed high-roughage diets (including grazing) before going into the feedlot
Term
Veal
Definition
meat from very young cattle (under 3 months of age). Veal typically comes from dairy bull calves
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