Term
| Compartment Syndrome is due to the fact that facial bounds of the muscle compartment are _____ and with enough pressure they can effectively _______ cappilary pressure and stop _______ flow to _______ ______. |
|
Definition
| inelastic, counter, nutrient, muscle cells. |
|
|
Term
| Also called compartment ___________ |
|
Definition
|
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Term
T/F
Compartment syndrome doesnt lead to venous outflow problems. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can be caused by swelling of _______ ______ ______ ________ within the compartment. |
|
Definition
| skeletal soft muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of soft muscle swelling? |
|
Definition
| Post traumatic crush injury or a closed fracture. (results in cellular swelling that causes muscle ischemia) |
|
|
Term
An early symptom-
Late symptom- |
|
Definition
neurologic paresthesias
muscle infection (due to lack of blood flow), this can progress to organs from metabolic toxins |
|
|
Term
| Clinical signs of compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
| severe pain, distal motor dysfunction, weakness, numbness, tender to palpation. |
|
|
Term
T/F
Finding normal phasic tibial vein flow when scanning the calf muscle compartment effectively rules out elevated tissue pressures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vessels get compressed first, second, and then third as pressure increases |
|
Definition
| capillary beds, veins, then arteries |
|
|
Term
| ___________ is performed to relieve pressure. If nothing is done, __________ could be a result. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many types of popliteal artery entrapment: which one involves medial looping around and under head of gasstroc's |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type is when the artery is compressed by accessory slip of muscle from medial head. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type is when the gastroc arises from a more lateral point and the pop a. passes more laterally and under muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type is when the pop a. is entrapped by a deeper popliteus muscle or fibrous band. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type is when both the pop a. and v. are envolved? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type is related to hypertrophy of muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pop entraptment-
Stage 1:
Stage 2:
Stage 3: |
|
Definition
1- adventitial thickening and fibrosis
2- smooth muscle replaced with collagen
3- degenerative process (can lead to arterial thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
| Pop entraptment clinical findings |
|
Definition
| coldness, rest paint, claudication, sudden onset during intense LE activity, claudication, usually in young men. |
|
|
Term
T/F
Popliteal entrapment is usually bilateral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
Pulses are only present with dorsiflexion or plantar flexion |
|
Definition
| False, only present at rest |
|
|
Term
| Doppler during dorsi and planter flexion - ____x systolic velocity is significant for positive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Usually always ________ repaired by ________ of the _______ _________. |
|
Definition
| surgically, transection, medial head |
|
|
Term
| 3 things to find when mapping vein. |
|
Definition
| patency, diameter, length |
|
|
Term
What is the vein of choice?
What is the second choice?
_______ or ______ if needed. |
|
Definition
| GSV, LSV, Basilic and cephalic. |
|
|
Term
| When vein mapping, mark every ____ to ____ cm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Subdermal-
subcutaneous-
subfascial- |
|
Definition
under the skin
beneath layers of skin
beneath fascia |
|
|
Term
| Vein of 2.5 mm by US can dialate to ____mm under arterial pressure. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arterial bypass is most successful with inflow ________ and patent __________ distally. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
Bypass halts disease progress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
Dacron is generally rejected and is made of knitted fabric |
|
Definition
| False, it is made of knitted fabric, but it is not rejected generally. |
|
|
Term
T/F
Synthetic grafts are more suitable for large vessel bypass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ will form in a _______ manner over the inner diameter of the graft material. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
Synthetic are able to reproduce similar elastic recoil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| <____mm vein is not a viable option for arterial bypass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Autografts and recipient site:
Internal Iliac-
External Iliac- |
|
Definition
Renal or visceral.
Carotid, renal, com. fem, popliteal |
|
|
Term
T/F
Composite graft usually have a autogenous vein proximally and prosthetic distally. |
|
Definition
| False. Autogenous distal and prosthetic proximally. |
|
|
Term
| Composite grafts are used when- |
|
Definition
| quality or length of native vein is not sufficient. |
|
|
Term
| Early thrombosis complications: |
|
Definition
| Technical error, poor runoff, poor inflow, hypotension, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anastomotic neointimal hyperplasia, progression of atherosclerosis, vein graft intimal thickening |
|
|
Term
Early infection (common/uncommon)
caused by ___________.
Late infection is commonly ____________. |
|
Definition
uncommon, virulent pathogens.
staphylococcus commonly. |
|
|
Term
Most serious complication in aortic bypass surgeries ____________ ________.
This is a direct communication between _________ and _______ _____ in aorta. |
|
Definition
| aortoenteric fistula, bowel, suture line. |
|
|
Term
T/F
Can cause injury lymphatic system and cause LE edema. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F
A complication of grafts can cause sexual dysfunction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Graft surveillance-
___ year patency rate
_________ post op.
__-__ weeks
__ months
__ months
Every __ to __ months after if no complications. |
|
Definition
| 5, immediately, 3-6, 3, 6, 6 to 12. |
|
|
Term
Early graft failure <__ days post op
late >__ days post op
Thrombosis as early as ___ hours post op |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Thrombectomy, Extension of graft, patch graft, PTA, Extra-anatomic grafts |
|
|
Term
T/F
Flow separation is an complication of graft failure. |
|
Definition
| False it is normal proximal and distal to grafts. |
|
|
Term
Velocities of ____-____cm/sec equate greater than ___% stenosis.
A decrease in velocites less than __cm/sec peak. |
|
Definition
| 150-180cm/sec, 50%, 40cm/sec |
|
|
Term
Intravascular US-
Better resolution due to __________ _____ capabilities. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IVUS- is most common for ________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common IVUS catheter type _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Phased array- <__-__MHz
(Has, doesnt have) moving parts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| IVUS is best when cath tip is (perpendicular, parallel) to vessel wall. Best image upon (insertion, withdrawl) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which array has more ring down artifacts?
______ causes crustal to "ring". |
|
Definition
| Phased array, Excitation. |
|
|
Term
Image Creep-
________ when rotation is too _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Compression is caused from ________ of ____ ______, and it ___________ disease. |
|
Definition
| Friction of drive shaft. underestimates |
|
|
Term
| Angular distortion from drive shaft rotation is _________ and it __________ disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Plaque classified-
echolucent-
soft echos-
bright echos-
bright echos with shadowing- |
|
Definition
liquid deposits,
fibrous plaque with lipids,
collagen rich with fibrous plaques,
calcified. |
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