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Case Study - Water Can Kill Lab
Mastering A and P
39
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
09/13/2021

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Term
Which of the following statements about osmosis is FALSE?
Definition
Water moves toward the solution with the lowest concentration of solutes.
Term
A Hypertonic solution:_______.
Definition
will induce cell shrinkage
Term
If a membrane is impermeable to solutes, which of the following is true?
Definition
Water will move toward the more concentrated solutes.
Term
Osmotic pressure is measured in units of _______.
Definition
mm Hg
Term
Which of the following generated osmotic pressure?
Definition
sodium chloride, glucose and albumin generated osmotic pressure.
Term
Which of the following would result in NO change in osmotic pressure across a membrane?
Definition
The solutes can diffuse through the pores and the concentration of solutes is the same on both sides of the membrane.
Term
With the experimental conditions set at 10 mM glucose and 9 mM albumin, and the 200 MWCO membrane in place, which of the following is true?
Definition
The net movement of water is toward the albumin.
Term
A cell is immersed in a beaker of solution. The cell membrane is permeable to water but impermeable to solutes. If the intracellular concentration is 10 mM and the solution is 20 mM, which of the following is true?
Definition
The cell will shrink
Term
ADH is produced in the _______.
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
The secretion of aldosterone is directly stimulated by _______.
Definition
angiotensin II
Term
The secretion of ADH is directly stimulated by _______.
Definition
a change in body fluid osmolarity
Term
The addition of aldosterone _______.
Definition
decreased the urine volume
Term
With ADH added but in the absence of aldosterone, _______.
Definition
the potassium concentration increased and urine volume decreased
Term
The urine was the most concentrated _______.
Definition
with both ADH and aldosterone
Term
Which hormone had the greater effect on urine volume?
Definition
ADH
Term
Which of the following is a reflection of the unequal distribution of positive and negative ions across the plasma membrane?
Definition
membrane potential
Term
Which of the following conditions triggers the release of renin?
Definition
low blood pressure
Term
What type of ductless gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream?
Definition
endocrine
Term
A greater plasma volume than normal is called
Definition
hypervolemia.
Term
Which of the following transport mechanisms is passive?
Definition
movement of sodium through ion channels
Term
The fluid compartment with a high sodium and protein concentration is called
Definition
plasma.
Term
Which of the following is found in greater concentration inside the cell than outside?
Definition
potassium
Term
When solute is actively transported across epithelium, what usually follows?
Definition
water movement in the same direction
Term
A membrane permeable to water separates a chamber into two compartments: A and B. Compartment A contains a 10 mM solution of non-permeating solute, whereas compartment B contains a 40 mM solution of non-permeating solute. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Definition
Water will move from side A to B, but solute will not move.
Term
A half-life, in terms of a chemical messenger, refers to
Definition
the time it takes for half of the chemical messenger in the blood to be degraded.
Term
The process whereby fluid in the kidneys is transported from the tubules back into the bloodstream is called
Definition
reabsorption.
Term
The portion of body water outside of cells that bathes most cells of the body is called
Definition
interstitial fluid.
Term
Which of the following statements best describes the release of a lipophilic messenger?
Definition
Lipophilic messengers are released immediately upon synthesis by simple diffusion.
Term
When more than one ion species (i.e., Na+ and K+) is present on both sides of the membrane, the chemical driving force acting on Na+ will include
Definition
sodium only.
Term
Angiotensin II acts directly in the hypothalamus to stimulate what?
Definition
an increase in thirst
Term
In epithelial tissue, the cells are linked together by ________, which prevent paracellular movement from lumen to extracellular fluid.
Definition
tight junctions
Term
Where is most of our total body water located?
Definition
inside cells
Term
What is the most important energy-transferring compound in cells?
Definition
adenosine triphosphate
Term
The movement of a molecule is determined by its concentration, with that molecule moving from a higher to a lower concentration.
Definition
True
Term
A 150mM solution of NaCl is isotonic to a human cell.
Definition
True
Term
All of the following solutes are found in higher concentrations outside of the cell EXCEPT
Definition
proteins.
Term
Which solute is primarily responsible for producing the osmotic gradient that drives water reabsorption?
Definition
Na+
Term
Which ion(s) have a net electrical force acting to move the ion(s) into the cell? (Assume a resting membrane potential (Vm) of -70mV.)
Definition
X+, whose [ECF] is120 mM and [ICF] is 30 mM
Term
What effect does uncontrolled diabetes mellitus have on blood osmolarity?
Definition
It increases it, causing a hyperosmotic state compared to normal.
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