Term
| What is compartment syndrome? Signs and symptoms? |
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Definition
Life and limb threatening inc in pressure-->impaired perfusion. Caused by fractures, crush injuries etc. Rx: emergency decompression
Dx: 6 Ps
Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesias, poikolothermina (inability to regulate body temp), paralysis |
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Term
| Symptoms of UTI, pyelonephritis |
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Definition
| fever, chills, severe abd or back pain. + Leuk and +Nitrites or urinalysis |
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Term
| Most common mechanism for ankle sprain |
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Definition
| plantar flexion and inversion (lateral sprain). Medial sprain is less common. |
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Term
| (T/F) Hx of snap or tear is not significant for acute ankle injury |
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Definition
| True. It is significant for acute knee injury |
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Term
| Most common ligaments injured in acute ankle injury |
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Definition
| Lateral stabalizing ligaments (ant. talofibular), calcaneofibular, post. talofibular) |
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Term
| How do you test for high ankle sprain? |
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Definition
High ankle sprain is secondary to eversion and rotation injury or hyper dorso flexion.
Use crossed-leg test. Pressure applied to medial knee--> pain in syndesmosis area. |
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Term
| How do you grade ankle sprains? |
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Definition
Grade 1: stretching and or small tear of ligament
Grade 2: incomplete tear
Grade 3: complete tear and loss of integrity of ligament |
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Term
| DDx of acute ankle injury |
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Definition
1) Sprain (due to plantar flexion and inversion
2) Peroneal Tendon Tear (Due to inversion injury, pain posterior to lat. malleolus)
3) Fracture of distal fibula (symptoms dont improve on their own)
4) talar fracture
5) Tendonitis (Inflamm condition involving post tibialis tendon, pain is worse during the day and after exercise)
6) Subtalar injury
7) Other: tarsal tunnel syndrome (tingling, shooting pain), infection of joint (erythema, warmth, fever), arthritis, Pathologic fracture from bone mets, Achilles tendon rupture |
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Term
| Ottowa Ankle Rules (ankle xray) |
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Definition
Ankle xray if:
1) pain in malleolar zone AND
2) bony tenderness along distal 6 cm of either malleolus
OR
3) Inability to bear weight 4 steps immediately after the injury or in ED |
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Term
| Ottowa Ankle Rules (Foot xray) |
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Definition
Foot xray if:
1) pain in midfoot zone
AND
2) Tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal or navicular
OR
3) Inability to take 4 steps after injury or in the ED |
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Term
| Management of ankle Sprain |
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Definition
RICE:
Rest: 72 hours only
Ice: 10 min at a time several times
Compression: tape, elastic wrap etc
Elevation
Anti inflamm meds improve pain, function and swelling
daily ankle exercises |
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Term
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Definition
1) Trimethoprim- Sulfamethoxazole (eg Bactrim)
2) Quinolone (eg, Ciprofloxacin) esp if TMP-sulfa resistance |
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