Term
| Endocarditis is the result of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are a few tests that can be performed for endocarditis? |
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Definition
Blood Culture
Chest X-Ray
Complete blood count
Echocardiogram |
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Term
| Explain what mitral stenosis is? |
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Definition
| Mitral valve does not open fully, restricting blood flow. |
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Term
| In mitral stenosis, blood may flow back into the _____? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is it called when fluid builds up in the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fever is associated with Mitral Stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of heart rythm is associated with Mitral Stenosis? |
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Definition
| Irregularly irregular (random) |
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Term
| Which wave is NOT visible in Mitral Stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Digoxin is what type of chronotropic? (Negative or positive) |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain how something negatively chronotropic works? |
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Definition
| Slows Heart Rate by decreasing electrical pulses in AV node. |
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Term
| Explain how something positively inotropic works? |
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Definition
| Incrases force of heart contracy by inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase pump. |
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Term
Mitral Regurgitation
Explain what occurs in this condition |
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Definition
| Mitral valve doesn't close completely, causing blood to flow backward. |
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Term
Name some treatments for mitral regurgitation
(4) |
|
Definition
Antibiotics
Antihypertensive
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelt
Digitalis |
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Term
| What makes up the fast mechanism of regulating arterial pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up the fast mechanism of regulating arterial pressure? |
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Definition
| Hormonal (renin-antiogensin-aldosterone) |
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Term
| Which cranial nerve is important in baroreceptor reflex? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four effects that attempt to increase arterial pressure to normal? |
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Definition
1. Increase heart rate
2. Increases contractility and stroke volume
3. Increases vasoconstriction of arterioles
4. Increases vasoconstriction of veins |
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Term
| What is an example of baroreceptor reflex? |
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Definition
| Response to acute blood loss |
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Term
| How is antiogensin II degraded? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of Renni-angiotensin-aldosterone system? |
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Definition
| Response of the RAA system to acute blood loss |
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Term
| In cerebral ischemia, what increases in brain tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do chemoreceptors respond in vasomotor system (cerebral ischemia)? |
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Definition
| Increase sympathetic outflow of heart |
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Term
| Explain the steps of how Antidiuretic hormone work when there is too little water in blood. |
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Definition
| Detected by hypothalamus, More ADH is secreted into pituitary gland, kidneys absorb less water from blood, less urine created, blood water level back to normal |
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Term
| Other regulations of arterial blood pressure? (4) |
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Definition
1. Cerebral ischemia
2. Chemoreceptors in carotid and aortic bodies
3. Vasopressin (ADH)
4. Atrial natruiretic peptide (ANP) |
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Term
Atrial natruiretic peptide
What does it inhibit? |
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Definition
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|
Term
ANP
What does this reduce? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the effects of ANP? |
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Definition
| Relax Vasc. Smooth muscle (arterioles, venules). |
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Term
| Location of capillary beds? |
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Definition
Junction of arterioles and capillaries.
Smooth muscle band (precapillary sphincter) |
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Term
| How is blood flow regulated through the capillaries? |
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Definition
| Contraction/Relaxation (arterioles, precapillary sphincters) |
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Term
| How do large water soluble substances cross capillary wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the passage of protein permitted? |
|
Definition
| Liver, intestine (sinusoids) |
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Term
| How do small water soluble substances cross the capillary wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some substances that can pass through the capillary wall? (3) |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Excess fluid of the capillaries is returned into circulation via the lymph |
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Term
| What type of muscle aids in unidirectional flow of lymph? |
|
Definition
| Skeletal muscle contraction |
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Term
|
Definition
Volume of interstitial fluid exceeds capacity of lyphatic to return it to circulation.
(Excess filtration, blocked lymphatics). |
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Term
|
Definition
B/w Right and Left Arm
Left Arm + |
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Term
|
Definition
B/w Right arm and Left Leg
Left Leg + |
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|
Term
|
Definition
B/w Left arm and left leg
Left leg + |
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|
Term
| What waves are affected with Myocardial Infarction? |
|
Definition
Larger negative Q wave
ST segment (elevation or depression) |
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