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Cartography Final
Cartography Final
49
Language - Arabic
Professional
04/23/2014

Additional Language - Arabic Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
steps to classifying data
Definition
1. Prior to classifying data, values are sorted in rank order
2. Selection of the number of classes
3. Selection of the classification procedure utilized
4. Analysis of classification accuracy
Term
relative frequency distribution
Definition
proportion of observations of a certain quality
Term
class range
Definition
(range/# of classes)
Term
class number equation
Definition
class # = 1 + (3.3 x log(# of observations))
Term
Natural breaks Advantages & Disadvantages
Definition
-intuitive
-considers distribution

-subjective
-may miss natural clusters
Term
equal frequency/quantiles advantages & disadvantages
Definition
-easily calculated

-doesn't consider distribution
Term
Equal interval advantages & disadvantages
Definition
-easy computation
-easily understood.

-no consideration of distribution
-may produce classes with 0 observations
Term
standard deviation advantages and disadvantages
Definition
-good for bell shaped data

-most data is skewed
Term
3 properties of color
Definition
hue
value
Chroma
Term
primary visual components are
Definition
form & color
Term
secondary visual variables
Definition
pattern arrangement, pattern texture, pattern orientation
Term
logical variables
Definition
true/false
Term
discrete variables
Definition
fixed numeric values, achieved by counting
Term
continuous variables
Definition
any number and any decimal. achieved with measurement
Term
advantages of dot density
Definition
-multiple data sets possible
-effective way of illustrating varied spacial data
Term
disadvantages of dot density
Definition
-original total difficult to calculate
-dot placement is random
Term
the statical area with the lowest vale should have ----- dots
Definition
2-3
Term
spacial proxy
Definition
proper dot placement in the center of the the area it is representing
Term
-choropleth -dot density -graduated symbol (& cartograms) -isarithmic map
Definition

-continuous phenomena & abrupt variation

-discrete phenomena & smooth variation

-discrete phenomena & abrupt variation

-continuous phenomena & smooth variation

 

Term
proportional symbol advantages
Definition
-visually pleasing
-easy to manipulate
Term
proportional symbol disadvantages
Definition
hard to gauge correctly
Term
proportional maps have ----- scaling
graduated maps have ------ scaling
Definition
absolute
range
Term
Flannery Method (apparent scaling)
Definition
a mathod of symbol scaling that conforms to what people's perceived size increase is as opposed to the actual mathematical increase.
Term
isometric maps
Definition
Isorithmic map generated from points
Term
isoplethic map
Definition
isarithmic map generated with data over a geographic area (per acre, per square mile)
Term
sampling points
Definition
points were data is recorded or measured.
Term
noncontiguous Cartogram
Definition
cartogram where borders are separated among the enumeration units
Term
shape quality
Definition
the degree to which a cartogram resembles the original shape of the geographic area
Term
directed flow maps
Definition
flow maps with arrows
Term
orgin-destination maps
Definition
flow maps with emphasis with orgin and destination instead of the route
Term
radial flow maps
Definition
all paths originate form a centroid
Term
network flow maps
Definition
show interconnectivity
Term
distributive flow maps
Definition
flow map that shows distribution, like a river
Term
literal symbol lettering
Definition
chain or array of types
displaying feature names
Term
Locative symbol lettering
Definition
position of types aids in
locating features
Term
Nominal symbol lettering
Definition
description of nominal classes of features using design attributes (fonts)
Term
Ordinal symbol lettering
Definition
Using variation in size, low/upper cases, tones it is possible to assign ranking characteristics to features
Term
Linear features lettering
Definition
with lettering along side and parallel to features, and generally above features
Term
Areal features lettering
Definition
lettering within the boundaries of the features, spaced to extend across the area but not dispersive or separated by other types
Term
Typographic Design elements
Definition
– Type style
– Type form
– Type size
– Type color
Term
Major type styles
Definition
-classic with flowing serifs
-modern with geometric serifs
-sans serif
Term
Type style parings
Definition
classic & modern
or
modern & sans sarif
Term
1 point in font size =
Definition
0.35mm = 1/72in
Term
ascenders
Definition
d, t, f, k, l, b, h
Term
visible light spectrum in nm
Definition
400 - 700 nm
Term
refraction vs reflection
Definition
direct light from the source vs light reflected off a surface
Term
The colorimeter approach
Definition
• based on spectrophotometer measurements of reflected light
• Commission on Illumination
Term
The human approach
Definition
• based on human perception of color and equal visual increments of color
• Munsell system, Natural Color System
Term
Computer displays use------
Printers use-----
Definition
RGB
CMKY
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