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Caron and the molecular diversity of life
ch4
19
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/27/2010

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Term
Organtic Chemistry
Definition
The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
Term
Vitalism
Definition
The belief in a life force outside the jurisdiction of physical and chemical laws
Term
Friedrich Woler
Definition
German chemist in 1828 who chipped away at Vitalism by synthesizing an organic compound present in the urine of animals
Term
Stanley Miller
Definition
helped bring abiotic (nonliving) synthesis of organic compounds into context of evolution by proving that complex organic molecules (amino acids) can spontaneously arise under the conditions thought to have been present in early earth.
Term
hydrocarbons
Definition
organtic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen **major components of petroleum ** hydrophobic because a great majority of their bonds are non-polar carbon-to-hydrogen linkages
Term
Isomers
Definition
compound that have the same number of atoms from the same elements but differ in structure and thus have different properties
Term
Structural Isomers
Definition
differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms
Term
Geometric Isomers
How do the differences arise?
Definition
have the same covalent partnerships, but they differe in their spatial arrangements
**Because single bounds allow their atoms to rotate freely, and double bounds do not allow such rotation -- geometric isomers are possible.
Term
Enantiomers
Definition
Isomers that are mirror images of each other. - Left hand, Right hand version of the molecules.
Term
functional groups
Definition
chemical groups which affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions
Term
-0H (or HO-)
Definition
Hydroxyl. ** A hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom which in turn is bounded to a carbon skeleton of the organtic molecule. ** Aka - Alcohols such as ethanol. ** These hydroxyl atoms are polar. As a result from electrons spending more time near the electronegative oxygen atom. ** They can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, helping dissolve organic compounds such as sugars.
Term
>CO
Definition
Carbonyl Group. Consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond. Has ketones and aldehydes.
Term
Ketones >CO
Definition
name of the compound carbonyl if the group is within a carbon skeleton
Term
Aldehydes >CO
Definition
name of the compound if the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon skeleton
Term
-COOH
Definition
Carboxyl Group. Carboxylic Acids. Organic Acids. When an oxygen atom is double bonded to a carbon atom that is also bonded to an -OH group the entire assembly of the atom is this.
Term
-NH2
Definition
Amines. Amino. Acts as a base. Consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton.
Term
-SH (HS-)
Definition
Sulfhydryl group. AKA - Thiols. Resembles hydroxyl group in shape.
Term
Phosphate
Definition
-OPO3^-2 | aka- Organtic phosphates. Contributes to neg charge to the molecule. Has a potential to react to water, releasing energy.
Term
Methyl.
Definition
Consists of a carbon bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms. The methyl group may be attached to another atom.
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