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Carnivorous Plants and Fungi
Test Bruh
14
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/11/2012

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Term
Carniverous Plants are:
Color?
energy source?
carbon source?
are?
Many origins of?
Definition
.Still green
.still photosynthetic with light as an every source
.Still use atmospheric CO2 as their carbon source
.photoautrophic even though their inorganic (N,P,K) nutrients come form eating animals (and other animals poop)
.Many origins of carnivory (including 3 different independent origins of pitcher plants)
Term
Mycotrophic plants
Many different losses in?(talk about what they accept, what they steal and who they steal it from)
No longer?
Definition
.many different losses in photosynthesis in plants that exploit the mutualistic relationships almost all plant roots have with fungi
.no longer give sugar back to their fungal root associates, but still accept nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, as well as carbohydrates that indirectly come form photosynthetic plants whose roots are also associated with the same fungus.
Term
chemoheterotrops
Definition
carbon and energy source form stolen carbohydrates
Term
Parasitic Plants
.different origins?(and what they do to other plants)
.some are still
.some do...for themselves
.many lack
.most are
.some live completely inside...
Definition
.12 or 13 different origins of plants which directly attach to and parasitize other plants by stealing directly form the host plant's xylem and phloem
.Some are still green
.Some do photosynthesis for themselves (partially photautrophic/partially chemoheterotrophic, like mistletoe)
.Many lack chlorophyll entirely and extract all nutrients and carbon form a host plant (fully chemohetroph)
.Some live completely inside another plant except for when their flowers burst out (Rafflesia)
Term
Fungi
What supergroup?
Relatively close to?
Independently went from?
Most of a fungus' mass is in( which are known as)
Mass of (the previous question is known as?
Mushrooms and similar fungal structures are the (only a small portion of? and are usually ___ compared to ___?
Definition
.In the supergroup Unikota
.relatively close to animals
.independently went from uni-celluslar to multi-cellular
.Most of a fungus' mass is in long strands of haploid cytoplasm/cells known as Hyphae
.A mass of hyphae is known as a Mycelium
.Mushrooms an similar fungal structures are the reproductive form of fungi, although they are only a small portion of an individual fungi's mass and are usually short lived compared to the hyphae
Term
Hyphae:
.fungal hyphae can have?
.in both cases there aren't?
. Hyphae release?
Fungal hype may...or...?
.Some fungi with specialized hype can.....while many are specialized.....?
Definition
.Fungal hype can have a septum with a central pore separating nuclei into individual cells or simply have evenly spaced nuclei with no individual cell boundary
.In both cases, there aren't a lot of boundaries, for nutrient flow form cell to cell
.hypahe relase digestive enzymes into the surrounding environment and then absorb nutrient; absorptive feeds.
.Fungal hype may parasitize other living organisms or decompose already dead organic matter
.some fungi with specialized hype can trap nematodes (tiny roundworm), while many are specialized to extract carbohydrates from plant roots in exchange fro donating inorganic nutrients to the plant cells (N,P,K)= mycorrihize
Term
Mycorrihize
Definition
Specialized to extract carbohydrates form plant roots in exchange for donating inorganic nutrients to the plant cells (N,P,K)= mycorrihize
Term
Chromalvelota
.plastids originate from?
Definition
consitist of two major lineages Alveolates and Stramenopiles
.from a secondary endosymbiosis of a red alga
Term
Alveolates
.Include?
Definition
.Include ciliates like Paramecium, Dinoflagellates (important plankton, but some cause "red tides' that can poison fish and humans), and apiicomplexans includes Malaria)
Term
Stramenopiles:
Include everything from?
Many are?
Bust some are?
Either posses or produce?
Definition
.include everything form single-celled organisms like diatoms (plankton) to complex multicellular organisms like water molds (formerly though to be a fungus from external appearance) and Brown algae (some kelp are huge can grow up to 150 ft)
.Many are photosynthetic but some are not
.Despite being so different form one another, they all either posses one straight, smooth flagellum and a second bristled flagellum or produce gametes with those two type of flagella.
Term
Rhizaria
are?
evolved?
lineage?
Important near?
Definition
.single celled amoeba with filamentous psrudopods , many with had silica shell
.ameoba has evolved independent numerous times (homoplasy), so its polyphletic
.one lineage has phyotosyntheic (photoautotropic) members with chloroplastic secondary endosymbrosis of a green alga
.important near the bottom of the food chain but no direct human impacts
Term
Archaaeplastida
.Means?(why)
.led to?
.includes?
.range from?
both have?
Definition
.means "old plastid"
.this is because the eukaryote ancestor of this lineage had the first endosymbiotic event involving a cyanobacterium
.this led to the photosynthetic red and green algae involved in the secondary endosymbiosis events responsible for other photoautoriphic eukaryote lineages with plastids
.includes red and green algae as well as land plants (derived form one lineage of green algae).
.range form single-celled mobile algae with flagella to colonies of single-cellled algae to multicellular green and red algae all the way to Giant Sequoia and Redwood Trees
.Both red and green algae had independent origins of multicellulary form unicellular ancestors
Term
Unikota
contains?
Definition
.contain ameoba(indepentdent form Rhizaria)
.Slime molds (not fungi many are just aggregation of amoebas) fungi, animals and the unicellular relatives of fungi and animals
.multiple organisms of multi cellular, plus slime mold that switch between unicellular life stages and colonial stages that shave like a single multicelluar organism
Term
Phtosynthtic Eukaryote lineages
.Excavata
.Chromalveola
.Rhizaria
.Archeplastida
.Unikonta
Definition
.(some Euglenozans)-plastids are an endosymbiotic green alga (archaeplastida)
.Chromalveola (most)-plastids are an endosymbiotic red alga (Archaeplastida)
.Archeplastida (all) plastids originated from an endosymbiotic cyanobacterium
.Unikonta (none)
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