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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the sign or symptom of the process. (a reflection of the process- not the process itself) |
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Term
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Definition
—Any tooth tissue
—Enamel
—Cementum
—Dentin
—NOTE: Lesions manifest clinically in MANY ways
The bacteria in enamel caries follow the direction of the enamel rods, and the advancing lesion progresses toward the DEJ. When bacteria reach the DEJ, the carious lesion spreads laterally. In dentin, the caries process follows the direction of the dentinal tubules. The acid can demineralize dentin much more rapidly than enamel because dentin contains less inorganic substance than enamel. Caries spreads in a wide arch and progresses toward the pulp rapidly. |
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Term
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Definition
A localized chemical dissolution of a tooth surface resulting from metabolic events (caused by acids)taking place in a biolfilm (also known as: dental plaque) covering the affected area.
(Individual’s have caries).
(teeth have carious lesions)
The caries process begins as a result of a shift in the equilibrium between demineralization and remineralization processes, with the demineralization process predominating. Demineralization is the first step in the caries process. Examination of subsurface lesion under a microscope reveals a thin outer layer of intact enamel covering a large demineralized area.
•Why subsurface lesion?
–Salivary inhibitors in pellicle (proline, statherin)
–Pellicle: is a protein film on surface of enamel that binds due to glycoproteins in saliva.
–Forms seconds after a tooth is cleaned
–Is protective
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Term
The dynamic status of the tooth/biofilm interface means |
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Definition
tooth, Enamel, is effectively undergoing continuous changes related to demineralization/remineralization.
—Most often this process results in NOT NET LOSS (cancel out of effects)
—The net loss is usually so subtle that the clinical manifestation – the caries lesion – takes many months to many years to develop.
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Term
| Sclerotic dentin vs. secondary dentin vs. reparative dentin |
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Definition
When the pulp is traumatized, cells of the pulp Defense mechanisms of the pulp can change the dentin to slow the progress of caries through the dentin and protect the pulp from injury. Sclerotic dentin is dentin in which the dentinal tubules are filled with calcium. Cells of the pulp can detect the destruction of the ends of the dentinal fibers at the DEJ. The cells of the pulp try to seal off the dentinal tubules by filling the tubules with calcium. The calcium blocks the path of the bacteria as they travel through the tubules. The caries process slows down as the bacterial acids slowly decalcify the sclerotic dentin.
Secondary dentin is additional dentin formed after tooth eruption. The formation of secondary dentin adds to the thickness of the layer of dentin, effectively reducing the size of the pulp chamber. Reparative dentin (also referred to as tertiary dentin) forms quickly in response to localized injury. It appears as a localized deposit of dentin on the wall of the pulp chamber. The formation of post-eruptive dentin protects the pulp from bacterial injury by slowing down the caries process; the bacterial acids have more dentin to decalcify before reaching the pulp. |
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| Factors derictly contribute to caries developement |
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Definition
| Time, tooth, diet (amount, composition, frequency), Bacteria in film |
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| Oral environmental factors for caries process |
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Definition
| Protein, Sugars(freq. clearance rate), Plague pH, Microbial species, chewing gum, fluoride, dental sealants, antibacterial agents, saliva(buffer capacity, compostition, flow rate) |
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| Personal factors affecting caries process |
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Definition
| Soiciodemographic status, income, dental insurance coverage, knowledge, attributes, oral health literacy, behaviour(oral hygeiene, smoking) education |
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Definition
D4-Lesions into pulp
D3-Clinically detectable lesions into dentin
D2-Clinically detectable 'cavities' limited to enamel
D1-Clinically detectable enamel lesions with intact surface |
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Definition
•MUST remove acid producing biofilm.
–Due to salivary deposits masking etched surface characteristics
–Scar forms
–Is strong and protetive
–Arrest and remineralization NOT the same.
–ANY lesion can arrest
–Clinical detection IMPORTANT |
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Term
| Etiology Of Dental Caries |
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Definition
| early 1960s, a group of dental scientists demonstrated the interaction of diet, microorganisms, and tooth susceptibility in the etiology of caries. This three-ring diagram depicts this interaction. Caries will only occur if the three factors are present over the time necessary to initiate caries. Altering any of the three factors will affect the caries process. |
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Term
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Definition
•Crystals arranged in rod and interrod enamel.
•Intercrystalline spaces – form fine network of “pores” or diffusion pathways.
•Outmost enamel – porous.
–Filled with organic material (protein, lipids, water)
--96%inorganic % 4% h2o and oragnic protein substance
The high mineral content makes enamel is the hardest tissue in the body. The enamel rod is the inorganic structural unit of enamel. Enamel rods originate at the dentoenamel junction (DEJ) and extend through the width of the enamel to the surface of the crown. The enamel rods are generally perpendicular to the DEJ. |
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Definition
•Early lesion
•Loss of minerals subsurface, changes in pore size and other changes on enamel surface lead to:
–Chalky
–Loss of translucency: Opaque
–Easily scratched – feels “rough” |
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Term
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Definition
| The composition of normal dentin is 70% inorganic crystalline substance and 30% organic protein substance and water. Dentin is softer than enamel because dentin contains more organic and less inorganic substance than enamel. Inorganic crystals in dentin are arranged into millions of small canals called dentinal tubules. The dentinal tubules traverse the entire thickness of the dentin, from the pulp to the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ). Normally, each dentinal tubule contains a dentinal fiber, which is an extension of an odontoblast cell. The cell bodies of the odontoblasts lie within the dental pulp. Dentin carries sensations, such as temperature and pain, to the pulp. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pulp of a tooth is enclosed in dentin. It is non-mineralized, soft tissue containing nerves, blood vessels and connective tissue. Odontoblasts line the outer surface of the pulp. The nerves in the pulp transmit sensations such as pain and temperature to the brain and the blood vessels supply nourishment to the tooth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Plaque (bacterial biofilm) is a complex bacterial community with millions of members and over 700 species. Imagine plaque like a stadium full with people; the members of the group react to the outside environment, interact with each other, and under some circumstances, bad members of the group dominate events and cause harm to others. |
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Term
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Definition
•incremental growth lines seen in enamel and are the result of enamel development.
•Daily cycle (4 micrometer/day) and every 4 day change in development (growth rings).
–Can be sensitive to disturbances in body (e.g., birth=neonatal line) |
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Term
| Demineralization/Remineralization |
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Definition
| Minerals from the enamel are continuously being removed and then replaced by the minerals in saliva. This process is called the demineralization/remineralization process. In healthy tooth enamel, there is a balance between demineralization and remineralization. There is always slight degeneration of the enamel occurring in some areas (demineralization), and replacement of minerals in the enamel surface in other areas. |
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