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Career Step Whole Body Terminology
Medical Terminology Chapter 4
89
Biology
Professional
09/20/2015

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Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
beneath thoracic cavity, separated by diaphragm, contains liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, kidneys
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
describes abdominal and pelvic cavity collectively
Term
anaplasia
Definition
change in structure and organization of cells...characterized by loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form.
Term
anatomical position
Definition
standard reference position for the body as a whole. Person is standing with arms at sides and palms forward
Term
anterior
Definition
pertaining to front of body, towards belly
Term
aplasia
Definition
developmental failure resulting in absence of any organ or tissue
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
muscle making up wall of the heart
Term
caudal
Definition
pertaining to the tail
Term
cell
Definition
smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter
Term
cell membrane
Definition
semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of a cell
Term
cervical vertibrae
Definition
1st seven segments of the spine- neck area
Term
chromosomes
Definition
threadlike structures in the nucleus that control growth, repair, and reproduction for the body
Term
coccyx
Definition
tailbone- end of spine-results from fusion of four bones as child
Term
connective tissue
Definition
tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts
Term
cranial
Definition
pertaining to skull or cranium
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
cavity that contains the brain
Term
cytology
Definition
study of cells
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
gel like substance around nucleus-contains cell organs
Term
deep
Definition
away from surface, deep in body
Term
distal
Definition
away or furthest from trunk. Furthest from point of origin
Term
dorsum
Definition
back or posterior surface, of foot-top of foot
Term
dyplasia
Definition
abnormal development of tissue
Term
epigastric region
Definition
top center of the 9 sections- between the right and left hypochondriac regions
Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
tissue that covers internal and external organs of body-lines vessels, cavities, glands and organs
Term
frontal plane
Definition
any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal plane and dividing the body into front and back portions
Term
genes
Definition
segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
Term
histologist
Definition
studies tissue
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
increase in number of cells, cell growth
Term
hypochondriac region
Definition
upper right and left areas of abdomen beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs
Term
hypogastric region
Definition
middle section of the lower abdomen-beneath umbilical region
Term
hypoplasia
Definition
incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually a result of decrease in number of cells
Term
inferior
Definition
below or downward
Term
inguinal region
Definition
right and left lower part of abdomen-groin-also called iliac region
Term
intervertebral disc
Definition
flat piece of cartilage in between each vertebrae
Term
lateral
Definition
towards side of body
Term
long axis
Definition
midline of body-midsagittal plane
Term
lumbar region
Definition
right and left middle sections of abdomen
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
largest and strongest in back-5 segments
Term
lysosomes
Definition
cell organs that destroy bacteria
Term
McBurneys point
Definition
right side, two thirds from umbilicus to hip bone
Term
medial
Definition
towards midline of body
Term
mediolateral
Definition
pertaining to middle and side of structure
Term
membrane
Definition
thin layer of tissue that covers surface, lines cavity
Term
midline of the body
Definition
imaginary line separates left and right sides
Term
midsagittal plane
Definition
plane that creates the midline-divides body into equal right and left sides
Term
mitochondria
Definition
cell organelles that provide energy needed by cell to carry on essential functions
Term
Munro's point
Definition
left side midway between umbilicus and hip
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
tissue capable of creating movement
Term
navel
Definition
umbilicus, belly button
Term
neoplasia
Definition
new abnormal development
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
tissue that transmits impulses
Term
nucleus
Definition
central controlling body of cell
Term
organ
Definition
tissues arranged together to perform a special function
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
lower front cavity of body, beneath abdominal cavity- contains bladder and reproductive organs
Term
peritoneum
Definition
specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera
Term
plane
Definition
imaginary slices through body to permit views (CAT scan)
Term
plantar
Definition
pertaining to bottom of foot
Term
posterior
Definition
pertaining to back of body
Term
pronation
Definition
movement of body allowing palms to turn downward and backward
Term
prone
Definition
lying face down on abdomen
Term
proximal
Definition
toward or nearest to the trunk of body or nearest to the point of origin
Term
ribosomes
Definition
cell organs that synthesize proteins
Term
sacrum
Definition
single triangular bone resulting from fusion of five bones as a child
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition
muscle that is attached to bone and allows for movement
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
muscle found in walls of hollow internal organs such as stomach and intestines
Term
spinal cavity
Definition
cavity that contains nerves of the spinal cord-spinal canal
Term
superficial
Definition
pertaining to the surface
Term
superior
Definition
above or upward
Term
supination
Definition
movement that allows the palms to face front and upward
Term
supine
Definition
lying horizontally on the back face up
Term
system
Definition
group of organs that work together
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
chest cavity- luns, heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea
Term
thoracic vertebrae
Definition
second set of 12 vertebrae
Term
tissue
Definition
group of cells that perform a certain function
Term
transverse plane
Definition
planes cutting across dividing superior and inferior, or top and bottom halves of body
Term
umbilical region
Definition
region of the abdomen in the middle between right and left lumbar region
Term
umbilicus
Definition
Navel-belly button
Term
ventral
Definition
Pertaining to front-belly side
Term
visceral
Definition
pertaining to internal organs
Term
visceral muscle
Definition
smooth muscle
Term
ana-
Definition
not, without
Term
dys-
Definition
bad, difficult, painful
Term
epi-
Definition
upon, over
Term
ili
Definition
ilium
Term
inguin/o
Definition
groin
Term
-ion
Definition
process, action
Term
-plasm
Definition
living substance
Term
-some
Definition
"a body" of a specific type
Term
ventr/o
Definition
front side, belly
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