Term
the initiation of labor before it begins naturally |
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Definition
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Term
the stimulation of contractions after they have begun naturally |
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Definition
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Term
Evaluates the cervical response to induction procedures |
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Definition
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Term
a high bishop score above _ is predictive of successful labor induction because the cervix has ripened or softened in preparation for labor |
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Definition
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Term
Indications for Labor Induction |
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Definition
Gestational hypertension Ruptured membranes without spontaneous onset of labor Infection within the uterus Medical problems in the woman that worsen during pregnancy Fetal problems such as slowed growth, prolonged pregnancy, or incompatibility between fetal and maternal blood types Placental insufficiency Fetal death |
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Term
Contraindications to Labor Induction |
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Definition
Placenta previa Umbilical cord prolapse Abnormal fetal presentation High station of the fetus Active herpes infection in the birth canal Abnormal size or structure of the mother’s pelvis Previous classic cesarean incision |
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Term
in a gel or vaginal insert is appplied before labor induction to soften the cervix |
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Definition
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Term
an alternative to cervical ripening by swelling inside the cervix |
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Definition
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Term
Used to initiate or stimulate contractions |
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Definition
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Term
most commonly used method for augmentation of labor |
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Definition
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Term
Pharmacological Methods to Stimulate Contractions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Cytotec is more effective in achieving vaginal dlivery within |
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Definition
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Term
adverse effect of cytotec |
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Definition
uterine tachysystole (hyperstimulation) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
prepidil ro cervidil is administered |
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Definition
intravaginally, sustained release |
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Term
oxytocin induction can start _ after vaginal insert has been removed |
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Definition
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Term
steroid receptor agonist use for early pregnancy termination |
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Definition
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Term
The artificial rupture of membranes |
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Definition
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Term
amniotomy is done to _ contractions |
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Definition
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Term
amniotomy stimulates _ secretion |
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Definition
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Term
complications of amniotomy |
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Definition
prolapse of umbilical cord, infection, abruptio placentae |
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Term
fetal heart rate outside normal range suggests: |
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Definition
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Term
woman's temp of _ or higher is suggestive of infection |
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Definition
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Term
nipple stimulation of labor causes the pitutitary gland ot secret natural |
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Definition
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Term
inhibits excretion of urine and promotes fluid retention |
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Definition
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Term
two methods used to change fetal presentation |
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Definition
external and internal version |
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Term
external version is usually performed at _ wks but before _ |
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Definition
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Term
internal version is emergent during _ |
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Definition
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Term
risks/contraindications of version |
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Definition
Disproportion between mother’s pelvis and fetal size Abnormal uterine or pelvic size or shape Abnormal placental placement Previous cesarean birth with vertical uterine incision Active herpes virus infection Inadequate amniotic fluid Poor placental function Multifetal gestation Fetus can become entangled in umbilical cord |
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Term
controlled surgical enlargement of the vaginal opening during birth |
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Definition
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Term
uncontrolled tear of the tissues that results in a jagged wound |
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Definition
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Term
first degree perineal laceration |
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Definition
superficial vaginal mucos or perineal skin |
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Term
second degree perineal lacerations involves: |
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Definition
vaginal mucosa, perineal skin and deeper tissues of the perineum |
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Term
third degree perineal lacerations |
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Definition
same as second degree plus involves anal sphincter |
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Term
fourht degree perineal lacerations |
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Definition
extends through the anal sphincter into the rectal mucosa |
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Term
Provides traction and rotation of the fetal head when the mother’s pushing efforts are insufficient to accomplish a safe delivery |
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Definition
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Term
Uses suction applied to the fetal head so the physician can assist the mother’s expulsive efforts |
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Definition
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Term
Vacuum extractino birth is used only with |
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Definition
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Term
risks of forceps or vacuum extraction |
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Definition
trauma to maternal or fetal tissues, laceration or hematoma in vagina, infant may have bruising, facial or scalp lacerations or abrasions, cephalohematoma or intracranial hemorrhage |
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Term
The surgical delivery of the fetus through incisions in the mother’s abdomen and uterus |
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Definition
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Term
Indications for Cesarean Birth |
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Definition
Abnormal labor Inability of the fetus to pass through the mother’s pelvis Maternal conditions such as GH or DM Active maternal herpes virus Previous surgery on the uterus Fetal compromise Placenta previa or abruptio placentae |
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Term
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Definition
mother, anesthesia, resp complications, hemorrhage, blood clots, injury to urinary tract, delayed intestinal peristalsis, infection |
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Term
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Definition
vertical, low transverse, low vertical, classic |
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Term
allows mor room for a large fetus |
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Definition
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Term
not likely to rupture during another birth; VBAC possible with this type |
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Definition
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Term
minimal blood loss; more likely to rupture during another birth |
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Definition
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Term
rarely used; more blood loss; most likely to rupture during another pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
sequence of events in cesarean birth |
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Definition
Administering anesthetic Cleaning and draping the expectant mother Making skin incision Making uterine incision Rupturing membranes (if not yet completed) Removing the fetal head or buttocks Suctioning the mouth and nose Clamping the cord |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
problems with the powers of labor |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
hypertonic problems usually occurs during the _ phase of labor |
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Definition
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Term
hypertonic problems are characterized by contractions that are: |
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Definition
frequent, cramplike, and poorly coordinated |
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Term
hypertonic problems are painful but _ |
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Definition
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Term
in hypertonic problems uterus is _, even between contractions, leads to reduced _ to the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
with hypotonic problems labor begins _, but diminishes during _ |
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Definition
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Term
hypotonic problems are more likely to occur if the uterus is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
fetus weighs more than 4000g (8.8lbs) |
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Term
usually occurs when the fetus is too large |
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Definition
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Term
in shoulder dystocia the fetal chest cannot _ and the fetus needs to be able to _ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Prevents the smallest diameter of the fetal head to pass through the smallest diameter of the pelvis |
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Definition
Abnormal Fetal Presentation or Position |
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Term
common cause of abnormal positions is a fetus that remains in a persistent |
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Definition
occiput posterior position |
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Term
_ pelvis is most favorable for vaginal birth |
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Definition
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Term
most common soft tissue obstruction |
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Definition
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Term
most common factors that can prolong labor |
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Definition
Lack of analgesic control of excessive pain Absence of a support person or coach Immobility and restriction to bed Lack of ability to carry out cultural traditions |
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Term
Often used to graph the progress of cervical dilation and fetal descent |
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Definition
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Term
Used as a guide to assess and manage the normal progress of labor |
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Definition
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Term
prolonged labor can cause |
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Definition
Maternal or newborn infection Maternal exhaustion Postpartum hemorrhage Greater anxiety and fear |
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Term
A birth that is completed in less than 3 hours |
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Definition
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Term
with a precipitate birth labor begins _ and _ quickly |
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Definition
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Term
in a priciptate birth fetal oxygenation may be |
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Definition
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Term
Spontaneous rupture of membranes at term, more than 1 hour before labor contractions begin |
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Definition
Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) |
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Term
diagnosis of PROM is confirmed by |
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Definition
nitrazine paper test, "ferning" pattern from vaginal fluid viewed under a microscope |
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Term
preterm labor occurs between |
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Definition
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Term
main risks of preterm labor |
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Definition
immaturity in the newborn |
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Term
risks factors for preterm labor |
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Definition
Exposure to DES Underweight Chronic illness Dehydration Preeclampsia Previous preterm labor or birth Previous pregnancy losses Substance abuse Chronic stress |
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Term
more risk factors for preterm labor |
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Definition
Infection Anemia Preterm PROM Inadequate prenatal care Poor nutrition Low education level Poverty Smoking Multifetal presentation |
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Term
A shortened cervix on ultrasound at 20 weeks may be predictive of |
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Definition
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Term
the presence of fibronectin in vaginal secretions between _ wks gestation is predictive of preterm labor |
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Definition
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Term
a protein produced by the fetal membranes that can leak into vaginal secretions if uterine activity, infection, or cervical effacement occurs |
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Definition
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Term
Maternal Symptoms of Preterm Labor |
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Definition
uncomfortable or painless contractions, feeling that the fetus is "balling up", mestrual like cramps, constant low backache, pelvic pressure, change in discharge, abdominal cramps, pain/discomfort in vulva or thighs, "just feeling bad" |
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Term
goal is to stop uterine contractions |
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Definition
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Term
contraindications to tocolytic therapy |
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Definition
preeclampsia, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, chorioamnionitis, fetal demise |
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Term
initial measures to stop preterm labor |
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Definition
identifying and treating infection, activity restriction, hydration |
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Term
also enhances lung maturity in fetuses younger than 28 wks |
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Definition
thyroid releasing hormone |
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Term
prolonged pregnancy lasts longer than |
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Definition
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Term
tests used to confirm the diagnosis of prolonged pregnancy |
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Definition
nonstress tests, amniotic fluid index, biophysical profiles, kick counts |
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Term
emergencies during child birth |
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Definition
prolapsed umbilical cord, uterin rupture |
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Term
types of prolapsed umbilical cord |
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Definition
complete, palpated, occult |
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Term
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Definition
complete, incomplete, dehiscence |
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Term
hole in uterine wall, into abdominal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
tears into a nearby structure; e.g., ligament but not all the way into the abdominal cavity |
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Definition
incomplete uterine rupture |
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Term
old uterine scars separate |
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Definition
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Term
characteristics of uterin rupture |
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Definition
shock r/t bleeding, abdominal pain pain in chest, between scapulae, or with ispiration cessation of contractions, abnormal or absent fetal heart tones, palpitaiton of the fetus outside the uterus |
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Term
Occurs when amniotic fluid, with its particles such as vernix, fetal hair, and sometimes meconium, enters the woman’s circulation and typically obstructs small blood vessels in her lungs |
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Definition
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Term
amniotic fluid embolism is characterized by |
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Definition
abrupt onset of hypotension, respiratory distress, and coagulation abnormalities from thromboplastin in amniotic fluid |
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