Term
| What is Legg Perthes Disease? |
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Definition
| loss of blood circulation to head of femur. ages 3 -12 in boys |
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Term
| What nerve does piriformis syndrome effect? |
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Definition
| tightness of piriformis irritates the sciatic nerve |
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Term
| What does thomas test test for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is hip flexor so debilitating to an athlete? |
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Definition
| immediate pain; muscle guarding and transfer paralysis of soft structures. cant rotate trunk if flex thight w/o pain |
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Term
| What structure stabilize the glenohumeral joint? |
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Definition
| rotator cuff and glenohumeral joint |
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Term
| what muscles belong in group 1? |
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Definition
| originates on axial skeleton and attach to humerus. ex: lats and pc major |
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Term
| what muscles belong in group 2? |
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Definition
| originates on scapula and attach to humerus. ex: deltoid and rotator cuff muscles |
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Term
| What muscles belong in group 3? |
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Definition
| Attach axial to scapula. ex: traps and serratus ant/post |
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Term
| 3 ways to prevent shoulder injuries? |
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Definition
1. proper physical conditioning
2. properlly fitting protective equipment
3.strengthening full ROM |
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Term
| What are 5 phases of throwing? |
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Definition
| wind up, cocking, arm acceleration, arm deceleration (majority of overhead arm injuries occur here) follow through |
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Term
| What does Apprehension test for? |
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Definition
| arm abducted to 90 degrees and external rotation. person with glenohumeral instability shows apprehension |
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Term
| How can you tell dom arm from non dom in overhead athletes and other athletes? |
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Definition
in overhead athletes the dom arm hangs lower than non dominant. also hypertrophy of that arm.
in reg athletic, slight hypertrophy and it doesnt hang lower |
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Term
| what causes mallet finger? |
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Definition
| ball off tip of finger causes avulsion of extensor tendon |
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Term
| what is boutenniere deformity? |
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Definition
| rupture of extensor tendon over middle phalanx. trauma occur to tip of finger forcing DIP joint into extension and PIP joint in flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| rupture of flexor digitorum profundus tendon from distal phalanx |
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Term
| How many of each type of vertebrae are there? |
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Definition
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 fused sacral
4 fused coccyx |
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Term
| Is there a special name for any of the vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| what makes up intervertebral disks? |
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Definition
| fibrocartilaginous disks. made of annular fibrosis and nuclear pulposis (jelly donut) |
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Term
| how many spinal nerves are there and how many in each section? |
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Definition
31 pairs of spinal nerves that extend from spinal cord
8 cervical nerves
12 thoracic
5 lummber
5 sacral
1 coccygeal |
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Term
| what causes a cervical fracture and how is it treated? |
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Definition
| axial loading to top of head with neck flexion. immobilize by spineboarding and transport by rescue squad |
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Term
| what is brachial plexus injury and how do you recognize one? |
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Definition
| pinched nerve from stretching or compression of bracial plexus. neck is forced laterally to opposite sie while shoulder is depressed. signs: burning sensation, numbness, tingling, pain shoulder to hand, loss of arm function and hand for several min |
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Term
| what is the difference between a spondylolysis and a spondylolisthesis? |
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Definition
| spondylolysis is degeneration o vertebrae due to weakness. athletes hyperextend spine. spondylolisthesis is complication of spondylolysis caused by hypermobility of vertebral sequence. |
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Term
| what separates the thorax from the abdomen? |
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Definition
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Term
| which organs are located in the thorax and which in the abdomen? |
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Definition
| thorax has the circulatory and respiration organs while the abdomen has everything else. (kidneys, spleen, liver, pancreas, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| pleural cavity fills with air due to openings of chest that LEADS TO COLLAPSED LUNG |
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Term
| What is tension pneumothorax? |
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Definition
| pleural cavity on one side fills with air displaces lungs and heart toward opposite compressing other lung. |
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Term
| what is traumatic pneumothorax? |
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Definition
| violent blow compressing rib cage (immediate mouth to mouth) |
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Term
| What is solar plexus contusion? |
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Definition
| blow to middle portion of abdomen with tranistory paralysis of diaphragm |
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Term
| what causes injury to the spleen and how would you recognize this injury? |
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Definition
| fall or blow to left upper quadrant when existing medical condition causes enlargement os spleen (example is mono). they would go in shock, have abdominal rigidity, nausea, radiating pain to left shoulder and down arm ( KEHRS SIGN) |
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Term
| What are signs of kidney contusion? |
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Definition
| possible shock, nausea, rigidity of back, hematuria (pee blood), pain around trunk into lower abdominal region |
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Term
| what is a meninge? name outer to inner. |
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Definition
membrane that protects brain and spinal cord
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are four parts of the brain and name two things each one controls? |
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Definition
cerebellum - voluntary muscular movements, and movement of skeletal muscle
cerebrum-voluntary muscle activity, emotion
pons- sleep and respiration
medulla oblangota- heart rate and vomiting |
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Term
| how is otitis externa treated? |
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Definition
| swimmers ear - treated by medicated ear drops that are mild acid and alcohol solution before and after each swim. refer to physician. |
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Term
| what is secondary impact syndrome and why is it so serious? |
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Definition
| rapid swlling of brain followed by a second head injury that occurs before symptoms of a previous head injury have resolved in athletes <20. mortality rate is 50%. |
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Term
| how is auricular hematoma treated and what happens if you dont maintain pressure? |
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Definition
| earguards for protection and prevent fluid from solidifying with cold pack, aspiration with pressure. it will fill back up if no pressure. |
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Term
| how do you care for a mandible fracture? |
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Definition
| temporary immobilization with elastic bandage. dr. will reduce and fixate for 4 weeks. |
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Term
| what is biceps tenosynovitis? |
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Definition
| reoeated stretching os biceps with ballistic activities cause inflammation is tendon and its sheath. tenderness in upper arm and crepitus - complete rest, cold, and anti inflammatories and strengthening of biceps |
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Term
| what kinds of sprains can you get with falling on an outstretched arm? |
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Definition
clavical fracture
humerus fracture
sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint |
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Term
| what us shoulder impingement and what special test can you use to show you have it? |
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Definition
| compression of supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa, and long head of biceps tendon all leads to inflammation. test to use is horizontal adduction with IR. pain is positive. |
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Term
| what is olecranon bursitis? |
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Definition
| direct blow resulting is pain and swelling of elbow. use protective therapy if chronic otherwise just ice. |
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Term
| what is lateral epichondyitis also refered to and how is it caused? |
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Definition
| aka tennis elbow. comes from repetative extension of wrist causes inflamation at insertion os extensor muscles. use rice and elbow sleeve |
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Term
| signs of ulnar nerve injuries and what is it also known as? |
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Definition
| parasthesia of 4th and 5th fingers, burning, tingling, into this area. if it doesnt go away surgery is needed. known as "funny bone" |
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Term
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Definition
| fracture of distal end of the radius die to falling on outstretched hand. usually leads to deformity and profuse bleeding and swelling. splint, ice, sling, and xray. out for 1 - 2 months. |
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Term
| what is most commonly fractured and dislocated bone? |
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Definition
| scaphoid bone is most commonly fractured and lunate is most commonly dislocated. |
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Term
| what is gamekeepers thumb? |
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Definition
| sprain os ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb; forceful abduction of the proximal phalanx with hyperextension. have painful and swelling over thumb. splint for 3 weeks. |
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Term
| what is the special test straight leg raise and sacroiliac compression and distraction? |
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Definition
| indicated problems of sciatic nerve , sacroiliac joint, or lumbar spine. compression push hips apart and distraction push hips together. |
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Term
| what is acute torticollis? |
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Definition
| small piece of synovial membrane is impinged or trapped between the vertebrae. usually due to holding the head in an unusual position over time. use heat and cold to massage. |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of sciatic nerve that can accompany chronis low back pain, can result is pain in back or inner side of thigh and rest to see if it goes awayl if not; surgery. |
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Term
| what is herniated lumbar disk? |
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Definition
| foreward bending and twisting herniates the nucleus pulposis. has pain radiating from butt to the leg. use rest and ice but may need surgery if nerve damage occurs. |
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Term
| what does the thorax contain? |
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Definition
| 12 ribs, heart, lungs, and thoracic vertebrae |
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Term
| what is costal cartilage injuries? |
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Definition
| direct blow to thorax or indirectly from a sudden twist or fall compressing rib cage. crackling noise and deep pain in ribs. rest and immobilize by rib brace. healing takes 1 to 2 months. |
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Term
| what is sudden death syndrome? |
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Definition
| hypertrophis cardiomyopathy (enlarged), anamolous origin of the coronary artery(originates in wrong place), marfan syndrome (skeleton grows faster than viscera). will have chest pain, heart murmur, heart flutters, sweating etc. must give cpr until ems arrives. |
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Term
| how many bones in the head? |
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Definition
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Term
| always suspect what in an unconsious athlete? must do this to them. |
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Definition
| cervical spine injury. must spineboard |
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Term
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Definition
neurological exam
eye function
tandem test (heel to toe)
modified rombergs
coordination test (touch finger to nose)
cognitive test (serial 75) |
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Term
| how must you care for cerebral concussions? |
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Definition
| if unconscious must remove from activity; if not, must be asymptomatic at rest and exertion and cleared by physician |
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Term
| how to care for mandible fractures? |
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Definition
| temporary immobilize with elastic bandage. dr will reduce and fixate for 4 - 6 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of blood within the anterior chamber due to direct blow. can sometimes block vision and turn green. not good to turn green bc it means infection. immediate referrel. |
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Term
| what kind of athletes get a retinal detachment? |
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Definition
| nearsighted athletes (myopia) |
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