Term
| 1. 5 examples of electrotherapy. |
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Definition
| 1) LOW FREQUENCY CURRENT, 2) HIGH VOLT CURRENT, 3) INTERFERENTIAL CURRENT, 4) RUSSIAN STIM, 5) MICROCURRENT |
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Term
| 2. 4 examples of low-frequency current electrotherapy. |
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Definition
| 1) GALVANIC, 2) SINUSOIDAL, 3) FARADIC, 4) TENS |
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Term
| 3. In 1791, _____ defines animal electricity by getting a frog leg to contract with stimulation. |
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Definition
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Term
| 4. In 1823, _____ current is introduced through needle electrodes. |
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Definition
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Term
| 5. In 1840, it was observed that paralyzed muscles respond to _____ current. |
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Definition
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Term
| 6. These are the 2 types of currents used in therapy. |
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Definition
| 1) DIRECT CURRENT, 2) ALTERNATING CURRENT |
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Term
| 7. Direct current is also known as _____ current which is unipolar. |
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Definition
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Term
| 8. Alternating current is also known as _____ current which is bipolar. |
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Definition
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Term
| 9. The frequency is electrical currents is measured in _____ which is pulses/sec or cycles/sec. |
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Definition
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Term
| 10. Less than _____Hz is known as low frequency. |
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Definition
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Term
| 11. Between _____ and _____ HZ is medium frequency. |
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Definition
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Term
| 12. Over _____Hz is known as high frequency. |
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Definition
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Term
| 13. These are the 3 modes of electrical current treatments. |
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Definition
| 1) CONTINUOUS, 2) SURGE MODE, 3) INTERRUPTED (PULSE) MODE |
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Term
| 14. This mode of electrical treatment consists of a continuous flow of current. |
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Definition
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Term
| 15. This mode of electrical treatment starts off low, goes high, then back down. |
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Definition
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Term
| 16. This mode of electrical treatment consists of on and off cycles. |
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Definition
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Term
| 17. _____ of electricity is what has the potential to burn the patient. |
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Definition
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Term
| 18. _____ is the speed of electricity. |
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Definition
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Term
| 19. _____ is an electromotive force that literally pushes the electrical current through the tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| 20. _____ is the electricity that flows through the patient which is measured by amperage. |
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Definition
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Term
| 21. _____ is the number of times per second that a certain electrical flow or pulse is repeated. |
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Definition
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Term
| 22. 10 physiological effects of electrical current stimulation. |
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Definition
| 1) PAIN CONTROL, 2) STRENGTH TRAINING, 3) ENDURANCE TRAINING, 4) VELOCITY TRAINING, 5) LOOSEN ADHESIONS, 6) INCREASE BLOOD SUPPLY AND LYMPH DRAINAGE, 7) MUSCLE RE-EDUCATION, 8) INCREASE ROM, 9) REDUCE MUSCLE SPASM, 10) FACILITATE TISSUE HEALING |
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Term
| 23. Patients with epilepsy have more seizures at night time, so they should be checked to see if they have seizures while they _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 24. 11 general contraindications of electric therapy. |
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Definition
| 1) PACEMAKER, 2) MALIGNANCY, 3) PREGNANT UTERUS, 4) TRANSCEREBRALLY, 5) DIRECTLY OVER EYES, 6) OVER LARYNX AND OR CAROTID SINUS, 7) SEIZURE DISORDERS, 8) DECREASES SENSITIVITY, 9) SKIN DISORDERS, 10) THROMBOPHLEBITIS, 11) OPEN WOUNDS |
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Term
| 25. _____ electric units have a higher pulse duration than other types of EMS, and therefore create an acid/alkaline reaction under the pads. |
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Definition
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Term
| 26. Galvanic/low volt DC should be used for _____ which is driving ions into the tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| 27. What is the pad placement of galvanic current? |
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Definition
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Term
| 28. That is the frequency of galvanic current? |
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Definition
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Term
| 29. What is the intensity of galvanic current? |
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Definition
| VERY MILD PERCEPTION BY PATIENT |
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Term
| 30. What is the treatment time of galvanic current? |
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Definition
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Term
| 31. Galvanic current is not used very much today because it is very uncomfortable for the patient, and it is very easy to _____ the patient. |
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Definition
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Term
| 32. A _____ is the positive (+) charged particle of electric current. |
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Definition
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Term
| 33. A _____ is the negative (-) charged particle of electric current. |
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Definition
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Term
| 34. Galvanic current flows from _____ to _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 35. The anode (+) effect of galvanic current serves these 10 functions. |
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Definition
| 1) ATTRACTS ACIDS, 2) REPELS BASES, 3) ATTRACTS OXYGEN, 4) CORRODES METALS, 5) HARDENS SCAR TISSUE, 6) DECREASES NERVE IRRITABILITY, 7) VASOCONSTRICTION, 8) RETARDS BLEEDING, 9) ANALGESIC AFFECTS, 10) GERMICIDAL AFFECTS |
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Term
| 36. The cathode (-) effect of galvanic current serves these 11 functions. |
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Definition
| 1) ATTRACTS BASES, 2) REPELS ACIDS, 3) ATRACTS HYDROGEN, 4) DOES NOT CORRODE METALS, 5) SOFTENS TISSUES, 6) INCREASES NERVE IRRITABILITY, 7) CONGSTS TISSUES, 8) VASODILATION, 9) ENHANCES BLEEDING, 10) HYPEREMIA, 11) INCREASES PAIN AT LOW INTENSITIES |
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Term
| 37. When using iontophoresis the galvanic current used should be the same _____ as the chemical. |
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Definition
| POLARITY (IF + USE ANODE, IF – USE CATHODE) |
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Term
| 38. _____ is an iontophoresis agent used for superficial scars and adhesions. |
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Definition
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Term
| 39. _____ is an iontophoresis agent used for skin infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| 40. _____ is an iontophoresis agent used for arthritis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 41. _____ is an iontophoresis agent used for bursitis/frozen shoulder. |
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Definition
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Term
| 42. _____ is an iontophroesis agent used for spasms and adhesive capsulitis. |
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Definition
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Term
| 43. _____ is an iontophroesis agent used for inflammation. |
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Definition
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Term
| 44. _____ is an iontophoresis agent used for adhesion, neuropathy, and skin disorders. |
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Definition
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Term
| 45. _____ is an iontophroesis agent used for pain, DJD, and inflammation. |
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Definition
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Term
| 46. _____ is an iontophroesis agnt used for vasodilation. |
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Definition
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Term
| 47. _____ and _____ are iontophoresis agents used for pain and inflammation. |
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Definition
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Term
| 48. _____ is an electric stimulation technique used for decreasing muscle spasm, decreasing edema, and some pain control. It increased vascularity, healing rates of tissues, and slows atrophy. It is a very common technique used for increasing ROM and for muscle re-education. |
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Definition
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Term
| 49. You should only use sinusoidal/low volt AC on muscle spasms that are not _____ mechanisms of the patients injury. |
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Definition
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Term
| 50. What is the pad placement of sinusoidal/low volt AC? |
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Definition
| TRACE MUSCLE FIBERS OR SURROUND PAIN |
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Term
| 51. What is the frequency of sinusoidal/low volt AC? |
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Definition
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Term
| 52. What is the intensity of sinusoidal/low volt AC? |
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Definition
| TO MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND/OR PATIENT TOLERANCE |
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Term
| 53. What is the treatment time for sinusoidal/low volt AC? |
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Definition
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Term
| 54. _____ is an EMS that uses medium frequency current to decrease muscle spasm, decrease edema, some pain control, increase healing rate, slows atrophy, and allows for muscle re-education. |
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Definition
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Term
| 55. What is the pad placement for faradic/low volt AC? |
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Definition
| TRACE THE MUSCLE FIBERS OF INJURED AREAS |
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Term
| 56. What is the frequency for faradic/low volt AC? |
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Definition
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Term
| 57. What is the intensity of faradic/low volt AC? |
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Definition
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Term
| 58. What is the treatment time for faradic/low volt AC? |
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Definition
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Term
| 59. _____ generally refers to the small battery operated portable units worn by patients. |
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Definition
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Term
| 60. TENS is used for _____ stimulation only. |
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Definition
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Term
| 61. TENS works on both _____ and _____ pain. |
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Definition
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Term
| 62. What does TENS stand for? |
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Definition
| TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIM |
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Term
| 63. What is TENS used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| 64. What is the pad placement for TENS? |
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Definition
| ALONG AREA OF PAIN AND RELATED DERMATOME |
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Term
| 65. That is the frequency for TENS? |
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Definition
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Term
| 66. What is the intensity of TENS? |
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Definition
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Term
| 67. What is the treatment time for TENS? |
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Definition
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Term
| 68. What is the goal of high-volt therapy? |
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Definition
| TO INCREASE THE MOVEMENT OF FLUIDS (ARTERIAL, VENOUS, AND LYMPHATICS) |
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Term
| 69. What is the therapeutic use for high-volt DC? |
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Definition
| SAME AS LOW-VOLT BUT MUCH MORE COMFORTABLE |
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Term
| 70. What is the frequency for high-volt DC? |
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Definition
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Term
| 71. What is the intensity for high-volt DC? |
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Definition
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Term
| 72. What is the treatment time for high-volt DC? |
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Definition
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Term
| 73. What is the pad placement for high-volt DC? |
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Definition
| TRACE THE MUSCLE FIBERS AND PLACE THE LARGE DISPERSIVE PAD ON A LARGE MUSCLE MASS |
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Term
| 74. 4 treatment recommendations for diabetics with decreased blood flow. |
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Definition
| 1) HIGH VOLT DC, 2) 1000MG VITAMIN C, 3) 800MG VITAMIN E, 4) NO SUGAR OR WHITE FLOWER |
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Term
| 75. When using high-volt therapy for positive polarity the large dispersing pad should be placed on the _____, while the small pads should be placed at the _____. This will cause the fluids to flow from the large pad to the small pads. |
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Definition
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Term
| 76. You should use _____ polarity high volt DC to drive the fluids form the small pads to the large dispersing pad. |
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Definition
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Term
| 77. _____ is the most commonly used modality. |
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Definition
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Term
| 78. What is the therapeutic use for interferential current? |
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Definition
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Term
| 79. What is the intensity for interferential current? |
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Definition
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Term
| 80. _____Hz of interferential current should be used for chronic pain and endorphin release. |
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Definition
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Term
| 81. _____Hz of interferential current should be used for acute pain and encephalin release? |
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Definition
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Term
| 82. _____Hz of interferential current should be used for subacute pain as well as endorphin and encephalin release. |
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Definition
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Term
| 83. _____Hz of interferential current should be used for a nerve block which will last from 2-24 hours. |
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Definition
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Term
| 84. What is the pad placement of interferential current? |
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Definition
| 4 PADS ARE CRISS-CROSSED AROUND THE AREA OF PAIN |
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Term
| 85. _____ is a form of interferential current that uses 2 pads only for small areas. |
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Definition
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Term
| 86. _____ is an interferential current treatment type that can be used to increase the treatment area covered by the current. |
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Definition
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Term
| 87. What is the treatment time for interferential current? |
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Definition
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Term
| 88. When applying interferential current to a small area, set the machine on _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 89. When applying interferential current to a large area, set the machine on _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| 90. _____ is an EMS technique that reduces muscle atrophy, and is the best current to build muscle strength. |
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Definition
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Term
| 91. Russian stim should only be used on _____. |
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Definition
| YOUNG HEALTHY ADULTS THAT ARE SEASONED ATHLETES |
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Term
| 92. What is the intensity of Russian stim? |
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Definition
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Term
| 93. What is the frequency for Russian stim? |
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Definition
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Term
| 94. What is the polarity for Russian stim? |
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Definition
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Term
| 95. When using Russian stim, the frequency should be set in bursts of _____ seconds on with _____ seconds off for a total of _____ repetitions. |
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Definition
| 10 ON AND 50 OFF; 7-10REPS |
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Term
| 96. What is the pad placement for Russian stim? |
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Definition
| TRACE THE MUSCLE FIBERS OF THE INVOLVED MUSCLE OR GROUP |
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Term
| 97. What is the treatment time for Russian stim? |
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Definition
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Term
| 98. _____ is the most natural current to the human body. |
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Definition
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Term
| 99. What is the therapeutic use for microcurrent? |
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Definition
| USED TO PROMOTE HEALING RATES AND PAIN CONTROL |
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Term
| 100. What is the intensity for microcurrent? |
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Definition
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Term
| 101. What is the frequency for microcurrent? |
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Definition
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Term
| 102. _____ is the optimum frequency for microcurent, because it is the same frequency the body used to send a signal from the brain to the tissue cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| 103. What is the pad placement for microcurrent? |
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Definition
| AROUND THE INJURED AREA OR PAINFUL REGION |
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Term
| 104. What is the treatment time for microcurrent? |
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Definition
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Term
| 105. Microcurrent should be used on patients who are _____ to heal. |
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Definition
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Term
| 106. Sinusoidal/low volt AC and faradic current are great for muscle rehab and spasm, especially in these 7 areas. |
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Definition
| 1) C-SPINE, 2) T-SPINE, 3) L-SPINE, 4) PIRIFORMIS, 5) QUADS, 6) HAMSTRINGS, 7) BICEP |
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Term
| 107. TENS is great for pain control especially in these 6 areas. |
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Definition
| 1) C-SPINE, 2) T-SPINE, 3) L-SPINE, 4) SHOULDER, 5) ELBOW, 6) KNEE |
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Term
| 108. High volt DC uses lower pulse rates of _____ for fluid transport. |
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Definition
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Term
| 109. High volt DC uses medium pulse rates between _____ for muscle spasm. |
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Definition
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Term
| 110. High volt DC uses pulse rates between _____ for pain control. |
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Definition
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Term
| 111. These are the 2 deep heating techniques that can be used. |
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Definition
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Term
| 112. _____is a deep heating technique that should be used on soft tissue. |
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Definition
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Term
| 113. _____ is a deep heating technique that should be used on bone, ligament, and tendons. |
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Definition
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