Term
Which phylum has -acoelomate, -incomplete digestive system -bilaterial symmetry (forward movement) |
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Definition
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Term
| __ phylum had triplobastic, with mesoderm giving rise to a thick, muscular mesenchyme (middle tissue layer in adult |
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Definition
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Term
| which phylum had cephalization: nerves concentrated in the cerebral ganglion |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the limitation on the body plan of platyhelminthes? |
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Definition
| depend on diffusion for respiration, excertion |
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Term
| body plan innovations linking platyhelminthes with higher animals |
|
Definition
bilateral symmetry (dorsal-ventral, anterior-posterior axes) -triploblastoc: mesoderm (development of complex orgas, muscle tissue -celphalization: sensory structures become concentrated in head (1st region to encounter new environment |
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Term
| classes of platyhelminthes |
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Definition
-turbellaeria -trematoda -cestoda |
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Term
| this class is mainlu free living flatworms |
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Definition
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Term
| this class is parasites with 2-3 hosts and many larval stages in life cycle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
this is the anatomy of a planarian from which class? -has a ___ (muscular eating tubes) emerges frommiddle of posterior side of body, releases digestivejuices onto prey, and sucks up pieces into gastrovascular cavity |
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Definition
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Term
this is the anatomy of a planarian from class_? has a __(cluster of nerves) is fed by sensory nuerons from eyespots, nerve chords running along either side of body |
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Definition
turbellaria -cerebral ganglion |
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Term
which class has: - intestinal parasites of vertebrates; up to 20 m long -proglottides -no digestive tract: absorbs nutrients directly from host |
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Definition
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Term
segment containing sex organs. Those nearest posterior end of the body (gravid proglottids) contain fertilized eggs. Gravid proglotids break off and pass out of the host in feces |
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Definition
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Term
| what has an internal cavity considered to be a false coelom meaning not lined on both sides by mesoderm |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ may reflect secondary loss of ancestral coelom by small bodied animals, rather than a primitive state |
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Definition
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Term
| roundworms represent phylum |
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Definition
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Term
one evolutionary innovations of __ is that the body round in cross-section, but no circular muscles |
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Definition
roundworms from phylum nematoda |
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Term
| evoutionary innovation of ___ convered in a culticle, shed in 4 molts during juvenile growth and can survive in hostile environments |
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Definition
| roundworms in phylum nematoda |
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Term
which phylum has this ecological importance: -tremendously abundant -200 per ml of costal mud -90,000 per rotting apple -9 billion per acre soil |
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Definition
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Term
this is descriptive of phylum__ -false coelom -complete digestive system |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is associated with obstruction of the lymphatic vessels? |
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Definition
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|
Term
how is elephantiasis transmitted? |
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Definition
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Term
| __ has anterior ciliated organ called the corona for filter feeding |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of digestive system does Rotifera have |
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Definition
| complete digestive system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Phylum Rotifera has posterior end has __ and ___ for attachment |
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Definition
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Term
| Phylum Rotifera has a tough external? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what type of cuticle does phylum rotifera have? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what type of coelom does phylum rotifera have |
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Definition
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Term
| In what class are males rare or absenct entirely; parthenogensis-development of unfertilized eggs (female cloning common)? |
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Definition
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|
Term
development of unfertilized eggs (female clonning) common |
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Definition
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Term
| scientists now recognize there are two kinds of flatworms? |
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Definition
primitive flatworms and platyhelminthes |
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Term
| Bilaterian animals are divided into 2 major lineages distinguishable by embryonic charcteristics |
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Definition
-protosomes -deuterostomes |
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Term
| protosomes are further divided into 2 groups on the basis of DNA sequence analysis (this division was recognized in 1997) |
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Definition
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Term
| protomes are further divided into 2 groups : lophotrochozaoa and ecdysozoa on the basis of ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which phylums are under protosomes |
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Definition
-platyhelminthes (flatworms) -annelid (worms) -molluscs -nematodes -arthropods |
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Term
| which phylum are under deutersomes |
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Definition
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Term
| which protosomes are described as lophotrochozoa- either share a special kind or larva or have a particular type of feeding tentacles |
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Definition
platyhelminthes annelid molluscs |
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|
Term
either share a special kind of larva or have a particular type of feeding tentacles |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which protosomes are considered ecdysozoa-cuticle shed in molts |
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Definition
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|
Term
___ is culticle shed in molts |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which protosomes lost their coelom |
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Definition
| platyhelminthes and nematodes |
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|
Term
| which protosomes or deutersomes is the coelom totally critical to how they can move around |
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Definition
| annelid worms and echinoderms |
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|
Term
characteristics of protosomes vs deutersomes: protosomes have? |
|
Definition
-spiral determinate cleavege -schizocoelous -blastophore forms mouth |
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|
Term
prtosomes vs deuterostomes deuterostomes have? |
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Definition
-radial, indeterminate cleavge -enterocoelous -blastopore forms anus |
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|
Term
| coelom formation in protosomes: solid mass of mesoderm gives rise to ___ associated with ___ in annelids and arthropods |
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Definition
paired coelomic spaces segmentation |
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Term
| coeloem formation in__ solid mass of mesoderm give rise to paired coelomic spaces associated with segmentation in annelids and arthropods |
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Definition
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|
Term
this is a key feature in plyum annelida: well developed__ acts as a hydrostatic skeleton allows -allows worms to burrow, move more effectively -lets outer covering, inner organs move in different ways |
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Definition
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|
Term
in phylum ___,__ allows worms to burrow, move more effectively and lets outer covering, inner organs move in different directions |
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Definition
in plylum annelida well developed coelom that acts as hydrostatic skeleton |
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Term
| ___ has segmentation: body divided into many repeating blocks and regional specialization: groups of segments perform one function |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of digestive system and circulatory system does phylum annelida have |
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Definition
| complete digestive system and closed circulatory system |
|
|
Term
| does phylum annelida have segmentation? If so what is associated with it |
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Definition
| yes, segmentation and regional specialization |
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|
Term
body divided into many repeating blocks |
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Definition
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|
Term
| groups of segments perform 1 function |
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Definition
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|
Term
does phylum annelida have nervous system? what kind |
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Definition
well developed nervous system with cerebral ganglion |
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Term
| which phylum has segmentally arranged chetae, spines sticking out of epidermis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| phylum annelida has segmentally arranged__, spines sticking out of epidermis |
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Definition
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|
Term
spines sticking out of epidermis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In phylum annelida, __ species typically develop thru a___ (shared with molluscs) |
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Definition
marine trochophore larval stage |
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|
Term
| which phylum does marine species typically develop through a trochophore larval stage shared with molluscs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| formation of embryonic germ layers |
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Definition
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|
Term
from blastula to gastrula: forms a ___ ball of cells |
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Definition
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|
Term
from blastula to gastrula: in _: blastopore forms mouth (mouth first) in _ :blastospore forms anus (mouth forms later) |
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Definition
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|
Term
from blastula to grastula in _ blastopore forms moth first (mouth first) |
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Definition
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|
Term
from blastula to gastrula: in _ blastopore forms anus (mouth forms later) |
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Definition
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|
Term
Coelomates have a true __: a body cavity lined by mesoderm |
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Definition
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|
Term
__ have a true coelom which allows outer, inner part of animal to move in different directions, do different things |
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Definition
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|
Term
| a body cavity lined by mesoderm |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
polychaeta oligochaeta hirudinea |
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Term
| _ ecological critical for soil turn over and is part of phylum annelida |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _ leeches blood sucking parasites that anaesthetize prey and prevent blood clotting and is from phylum annelida |
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Definition
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|
Term
__ (marine worms) each segment bears paddle-like parapodia, armed with chaetae (spines) for locomotion |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __ maybe predatory, deposit feeders or filter feeders |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| __maybe free-living or tube dwelling |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In polychaeta each segment bears paddle like ___ armed with __ (spine)for locomotion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| has numerous chetae on trunk segment each derived from a single epidermal cell |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| class polychaeta has numerous chetae (bristles) on trunk segments each dervied from? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| has well developed parapodia (paddle-like appendages) and reproductive structure is simple |
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Definition
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|
Term
Class polychaeta has well developed parapodia that can be: modified to act as ___ for can be used for ___ can be used to __ |
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Definition
gills for respiration locomotion anchor into tubes |
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|
Term
| for polychaeta __can be modified as gills for holding worm in tube |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ___paddle like appendages |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what type pf polychaete shoots out proboscls with 4 teeth? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what type pf polychaete are tube dwelling, tentacles are feathery and also used in gas exchange |
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Definition
| filter feeding polychaete |
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|
Term
| this class has no parpodia and chetae are highly reduced but important for burrowing |
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Definition
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|
Term
| oligochaeta rely on __ for muscular movement |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In _ the clitellum is the obvious band; after mating it produces a mucus cocoon that slides aling the body, picking up sperm deposited by the mate and eggs from the body |
|
Definition
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|
Term
In oligochaeta, the __ is the obvious band; after mating it produces mucus cocoon that slides along the body, picking up sperm deposited by the mate and eggs released from the body |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In oligochaeta, the anatomy of an earthworm, __ main hearts, muscular vessels that surround the esophogus pump blood |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In the anatomy of an earthworm from phylum oloigochaete, __ divide body into segments with isolated coelomic spaces |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In anatomy of an __, from phylum __ the septa divides body into segments with isolated coelomic spaces |
|
Definition
anatolmy of earthworm, phylum oligochochaete |
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|
Term
| In phylum oligochaete, the __ and__ stystems are not interruppted by the septa |
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Definition
| digestive, circulatory system |
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|
Term
| In the anatomy of the ___, in phylum __, the digestive and circulatory systems are not interrupted by the septa |
|
Definition
| anatomy of the earthworm, phylum oligochaete |
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|
Term
| ___consume solil as they burrow beneath the ground and organic material is partly digested as it passes through it |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __can then bac out of their burrows and deposit nurtrient-rich ___ on top of the ground |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what creates fertile topsoild, essential for healthy plant growth |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which group deposits castings that creats nutrient-rich topsoil |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what also gives roots access to freash air for gas? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what make movements possible for worms in phylum oligochaete? |
|
Definition
| circular muscles make movements possible that arent available to nematodes which have only longitundal muscles |
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|
Term
which class has fized number of segments (32), internal segmentation ofteb fused (lost), anterior and posterior suckers and are freshwater or marine and many are ectopasrasitic |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __attach to their host and extend their probosicis into the tissue of the host |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In class hirinnea, many speices have blade like __ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| in class hirudine asalivary glans secrete___ , which is now an anti-coagulant and is now produced by recominant DNA technology |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in the phylum mollusca __ emcloses gills; recieves waste, gametes; water may be pumped through it by cilia or mucsle action |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In what phylum is the radula extended out, then pulled back to scrape surfaces for food? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in which phylum is the mantle cavidty encloses gills; recieves waste, gametes;water may be pumped through it by cilia or muclse action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in phylum mollusca, mantle cavity encloses gills; recieves waste, gamets; and water maybe be pumped through it by__ or ___ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| in what phlum is the soft body divided into 3 parts: musclular foot, visceral mass and mantle |
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Definition
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|
Term
what are 3 soft body parts are divided in phylum mollusca |
|
Definition
| muscular foot, viscreal mass and mantle |
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|
Term
| in phylum mollusca, ___ is for locomotion or digging |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| in phylum mollusca, __ containing organs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| in mollusca, __ a flap of tissue over the viscera, screates the shell |
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Definition
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|
Term
in phylum mollusca the coelom reduced to region around __, __ |
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Definition
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|
Term
in phylum mollusca the main body cavity is, with ___ |
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Definition
| hemocoel with open circulatory system |
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|
Term
| in phylum mollusca ___ lie in mantle cavity (fluid filled area between mantle + organs) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in phylum mollusca ctenidia (gills) lie in ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in phylum mollusca the gills are called __ |
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Definition
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|
Term
in phylum mollusca the fluid filled area between the mantle + organs is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in phylum mollusca __ is a unique toothed ribbon used to rasp (scarp food) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In phylum mollusca the __ larval stage ( shared with annelids) later a __ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| in which phylum is there a coelom reduced to region around gonads, heart |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in which phylim is main body cavity is hemocoel with open circulatory system |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| which phylum has a ctenidia (gills) lthat lie in mantle cavity (fluid filled area between mantle and organs) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which phylum has a radula, a unique toothed ribboned used to rasp (scarp) food |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| which phylum has trochophore larval stge (shared with annelids), later a veliger |
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Definition
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|
Term
ribbon of chitinous teeth, tips of teeth may be hardened with irby iron deposits is unique characteristic of which phylum |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| in mollusca may add up to _ of teeth per day |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in mollusca the radula or teeth can be used for? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in mollusca __ is scraping algal, diatoms off rocks |
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Definition
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|
Term
in mollusca ___ is rasping sponges, tissue from other animals |
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Definition
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|
Term
| in mollusca the __ may be highly modified (poison-injecting teeth of cone snail) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| __ use special proteins to crystalize different forms of the mineral calcium carbonate |
|
Definition
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|
Term
molluscs use special __ to crystalize different forms of the mineral __ |
|
Definition
proteins calcium carbonate |
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|
Term
in which phylum are shells vary from class to class: -chitons: 8 valvs embedded in a gridle (a tough mantle) - bivalves: 2 shells hinged dorsally at umbo -gastropods:1 shell, twisted around a central axis with an operculum (trapdoor) through which foot can retracted -cephalods: 1 shell (nautalius), reduced shell (squids) to no shell octupus |
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Definition
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|
Term
what type of different shells are in mollusca |
|
Definition
chitons bivalves gastropiods cephalopods |
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|
Term
in mollusca, __ have 8 valves emedded in a gridle (a tough mantle) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chitons have __ embedded in a gridle ( a tough mantle) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in mollusca, bivalves __ hinged dorsally at umbo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in mollusca, gastropods have __ twisted arond central axis with an __ through which foot may be retracted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
cephalopods __ shell, __ shell and __ shell |
|
Definition
1 shell reduced shell no shell |
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|
Term
| cephalopods have 1 shell ( ), reduced shell ( ), to no shell ( ) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 classes of phylum mollusca |
|
Definition
polyplacophora gastropoda bivalvia cephalopoda |
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|
Term
class mollusca that is made of chitons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class of mollusca that has snails and slugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class of mollusca that have clams, mussels and oysters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class of mollusca that have octupus, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in mollusca, eggs develop into a __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in mollusca, eggs develop into a __, next stage is __ unique to molluscs (marine snails and bivalves) |
|
Definition
trochophore larva veliger larva |
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|
Term
after the eggs develop into a rochophore larva, the next stage is veliger larva, unique to ___ |
|
Definition
| molluscs (marine snails and bivalves) |
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|
Term
class __ has -no eyes, tentacles -8 dorsal shell valves -mantle forms thick gridle, in which vavles are embedded -scarpe algae off rocks in intertidal zone-radula with iron salts |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| __ have no eyes, tentacles |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __ have 8 dorsal shell valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ have mantle forms thick gridle, in which valves are embedded |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| polyplacophora:chitons have mantle forms thick __. in which valves are embedded |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this class __ scarpe alage off rocks in intertidal zones- |
|
Definition
poluplacophora radula with iron salts |
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|
Term
| class _ have asymmetrical body with single, ussually spiral coiled shell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class gastropoda have __ body with single, usually spiral coiled shell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class __ have torison: during development, viscera + mantle rotate 180 over the foot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class gastropoda have __:during development:_ and _ rotate _ over the _ |
|
Definition
torsion visera and mantle 180 degree over the foot |
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|
Term
which class __ torsion: during development, viscera and mantle rotate 180 degrees over host: -places viscera, anus over head -gut nervous system twisted -organs on one side lost |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __one of the few invertebrate groups to sucessfully colonize land. ___ to close body into shell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in gastropoda, mantle cavity, anus go from __ to __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in class __, ___ the radula is modified as a harpoon to capture prey |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in class _, __ inject potent neurtoxins into fish or molluscs to paralyze them then engulf prey with __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ includes the worls's largest gastropods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sea hares includes the worlds largest__ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| __, from class __ are strictly herbivorous: eat algae, cynobateria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sea slugs from class gastropoda are strictly ___: eat __ and __ |
|
Definition
herbivourous algae and cynobacteria |
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|
Term
| __ have defensive chemistry and inking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ used for research because of large neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abalone (Haliotis) is an example of __ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
primitive gastropods: abalone (haliotis) have pearly __ inside shell |
|
Definition
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|
Term
in __ chloroplasts from ingested algae are sorted, stored in __ in the body wall |
|
Definition
sacoglossan slugs: hijacked plastids digestive glands |
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|
Term
| some tropical __ can stop eating, live off the photosynthesis of hijacked plastids for months-the ultimate vegetarians |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for aeolid nudibranches __ on backs store __ from cnidarian prey |
|
Definition
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|
Term
class __ shell of 2 valves, left + right -hinged on dorsal side -held together by adductor muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
class bivalvia has shell of __ (left and right) hinged on __ and held together by |
|
Definition
2 valves dorsal side adductor muscles |
|
|
Term
| in class bivalvia, __ anchor mussels onto rocks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ only class with no rdaula, no head, most suspension feeders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ most suspension feeders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ has gills (ctenidia) used in filtering feeding as well as respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in class bivalvia, gills (ctenidia) used in ___ as well as __ |
|
Definition
| filter feeding as well as respiration |
|
|
Term
| in class bivalvia, edges of mantle may be fused into __; large mantle cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ use byssal threds to glue themselves to rock surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| musseles use __ to glue themselves to rock surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ are bivalves that cover rocks in the interridal zone and __ other organisms for space, unless numbers are limted by predators |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bivalves have __that beat to generate water currents, much like sponge choanocytes use their flagella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ have cilia (tiny hairs) that beat to generate water currents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ trap tiny particles, which are then carried to the mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ use their ctenidia (gills) for both filter feeding and respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bivalves use their __ for both filter feeding and respiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bivalves use their ctenidia (gills) for both __ and __ |
|
Definition
| filter feeding and respiration |
|
|
Term
| __burrow into sand/mud; use siphon to draw water, pass it over their gills for food and oxygen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ evoved "vampire larvae"called glochidia that clamo onto fish gills and drain nutrients from their host |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| freshwater mussles eveloved "vampire larvae" called ___ that clamp onto fish gills and drain nutrients from their host |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __larvae avoid being washed down |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ show how amazing adaptations to lure their host fish close enough to get larvae into their gills |
|
Definition
| female freshwater mussels |
|
|
Term
| female freshwater mussels show amzing adaptations to lure their __ close enough to get larvae into their gills |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most __ are now endangered as a result of human activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in some, the mussel's mantle mimics a __ to lure larger fish close enough when th the large fish bites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| other __ make eggs sacs mimicking insects that fish would normally eat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| other mussels make _ mimicking insects that fish would normally eat |
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Definition
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|
Term
in mussels when the fish bite the egg sacs, it releases __ into the fish gills |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __ has body cavity, head enlarged most intelligent invertebrates |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __ most complex eyes of any incertebrate |
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Definition
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Term
| __ chambered shell, usually reduced or last |
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Definition
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|
Term
| cephalopods have chambered shells usually __ or __ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| only molluscs with closed circulatory system high speed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cephalodpoda has ink sac that has ability to __ and __ |
|
Definition
| change color and texture for defense |
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|
Term
| __ foot divided into prehensile tentacles bearing flexible suckers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class cephalopoda has foot divided into prehensible __ bearing flexible suckers |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| __ muscular sipohon used for jet propulsion-move backwards-mantle muscle contract forcing water out of siphon |
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Definition
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|
Term
| class cephalopoda have muscular _ used for jet propulsion-move backward |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| natutilus > squid> octupus |
|
Definition
| hard external shell> weak internal shell> no shell |
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|
Term
| __ lives at great depths (600 meters) floats up to surface at night by pumping gas into sealed shell chambers swim by jet propulsion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in bioluminescent squid bioluminescence can result from light producing __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used in counter shading in many mid water __ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| __ produce same amount of light from beneath as is striking you from aboce to avoid casting a shadow visble to predators |
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Definition
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|
Term
| __fast movcing mid water predators |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| shoot out 2 extra long tentacles to snag fish using their suckers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| squids shoot out 2 extra long tentacles to snag fish using their __ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| __body short and round, without fins, internal shell absent and 8 similar arms |
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Definition
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|
Term
Octopus use jet proposion and defense by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in phylum arthropoda, body divided into _, organized into specialized groups__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in phylum __ each body segment has paired, joint appendages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in phylum arthropoda, each body segment has__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in phylum __ culticle forms a well developed extoskeleton (no cilia); groth by ecdysis (hormone-induced molting)-hormone=ecdysone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in phylum arthropoda, __ forms well developed exoskeleton (no cilia); growth by ecdysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in phylum arthropoda, culticle forms well developed __ ( ); growth by ecdysis (hormone induced molting)-hormone= ecdysone |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in phylum arthropoda coelom is __ to space around gonands; main body cavity =___ with ___ circulaotry system |
|
Definition
reduced hemocoel open circulatory system |
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|
Term
digestive system in phylim arthopoda is ?__ |
|
Definition
| complete digestive system |
|
|
Term
| what kind of eyes does phylum arthropoda have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of coelom does arthropoda have? |
|
Definition
| reduced coelom around gonads |
|
|
Term
| what kind of main body cavity and circulatory system does arthropoda have |
|
Definition
hemocoel with open circulatory systm |
|
|
Term
| __ muscles anchor to inside of the exoskeleton, in the way a mollusk's muscles anchor to shell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropoda, loss of circular muscles makes __ useless, uncessary as a hydrostatic skeletonreduced and replaced with ___ and ___ |
|
Definition
coelom replaced with open circulatory systen and hemocoel |
|
|
Term
| in what phylum is loss of circular muscles, coelom useless, unncessary as a hydrostatic skeleton, reduced with open circulatory sysetem and hemocoel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __ epidermis, a single later of cells, secretes the cutilce in layers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in arthropoda, epidermis, a single layer of cells ,secretes the __ in layera |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in ___ outerlayer: proteins layered over waxy fats analogous to the cuticle of plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropoda, proteins layered over _ analogous to culticles of __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropoda inner layer: __ and __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nitrogen containing polysaccharide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __ hardened by calcium carbonate (phylum arthropoda) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
_ process in which cuticle is shed and animal is temporarily soft |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in _ growth occurs in a series of molts controlled by a hormone called ecdysone (hence the group name ecdysozoa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropoda growth occurs in a series of __ controlled by a hormone called __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __ cutilce is weakened by enzymes then animal crawls out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropoda, cuticle is weakened by __ then animal crawls out |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __ after molting, animal sucks in air/water to inflate new cuticle which then hardens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropoda, after molting, animal sucks air/water to inflate new __ which then _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __ stages between molts (instars) are when real tissue growth occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropoda stages between molts (instars) are when real___ occurs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in _ success as a group is largely due to diversity of body form: differential specialization of segments, regions + appendages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropoda success as a group is due to diversity of body plan:__ |
|
Definition
| differential specialization of segments,regions and appendages |
|
|
Term
| __produces segment groups specialized for particular funtion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which phylum has tagmosis -head, thoraz and abdomen (tagnata) are regions specialized for perfomring diff. tASK |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropoda, __, __, __ are regions specialized for performing different tasks |
|
Definition
head thorax abdomen (tagmata) |
|
|
Term
in athropoda appandges on differnet segments do different things: __ on head for sensory perception _ for grabbing _for walking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
segmentation tagmosis joint appendages |
|
|
Term
| in __ appendages ghave muscles connected to body wall + other muscles entirely inside the limb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropoda, __ have muscles connected to boy wall + other mucles entirely inside the limb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in _ mucsles move the pieces of the limb; __ arraged in short bands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in arthropoda __ move the pieces of each limb, __ are arranged in short bands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 branch limn of an insect __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2 branched lim of a crustacean |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for arthropods ___ heart>arteries>hemocoel>collecting vessels>back to heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ are meade up of multiple ommatidia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ unit of lens, retinula and rhabdome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arthropoda open circulatory system: _>_>_ > _>_ |
|
Definition
heart arteries hemocoel collecting vessels back to heart |
|
|
Term
| in _ open circulatory system: heart>arteries>hemocoel>collecting vessels>back to heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
trilobitomorpha myriapoda chelicerata crustacea hexopoda |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
__ chelicerates (scorpions, spiders) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ are considered terrestrial predators and scavengers, uniform segmentation not separated into thoraz and abdomen, cuticle and head similar to inscets, uniramous appendages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| myriapoda has what type of segmentation |
|
Definition
| uniform segmentation-not separated in thorax and abdomen |
|
|
Term
| in myriapoda _ and _ are similar to insects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of appendages does myriapoda have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ body made of 2 tagmata:cephalothorax and abdomen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __ 1st pair of appendages = chelicerae (feeding claws) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in _2nd pair of appendages are pedipalps (finding prey,eating or reproductions) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does chelicerata have antenna |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ gas exchange by book gills, book lungs or trachae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in chelicerata most have ___ sexes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 1st and 2nd pair of appendages in chelicerata? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in chelicerata this appendage is used for finding prey, eating or reproduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in chelicerata this pair of appendages is ued for feeding claws |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __, scorpions, spiders, ticks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subclass merostroma and archnida are part of which subphylum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ have 5 living spp all others are extinct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ restricted distributions: limulus polyphemus occurs only on the east coast of north america |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ instead of legs, abdominal appendages modified as spinnerets, used to spin silk proteins into webs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in _ chelicerae modified to fangs with venom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in arachnida how many pair od waking legs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do arachnida have compound eyes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ body composed of 5 segmented head, thorax, abdomen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
__ have pair of biramous limbs on every segment -modified as antennae and pincers for eating (head segments) -claws and walking legs (thorax segment) -swimming legs (abdomen segment) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for crustaceans what make up head, thorax and abdomen segments |
|
Definition
1. antennae and pincers claws and walking legs swimming legs |
|
|
Term
| in crusteans some legs are modified as __ for gas exchange |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in crusteans some legs are modified as gills for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which has 5 segmented head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crusteans have _ segmented heads |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diversity of head limbs makes for efficent __ for crusteans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sessile, filter feeders that secreate a calcaerous shell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small mobile crusteans, important part of plankton (food for fish) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
unique feature of barnacles __ larval stage glues its head onto substrate legs become filter feeding appendages called cirri |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in maxillopoda, legs become filterfeeding (thoracic) appendages called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| isopods, crabs, lobster, shrimp part of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ 10,000 species mostly marine, but includes terrestrial pill bugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in isopods swimming legs used in __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __ direct development no larvae helped them colonize land |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in isopods direct dvelopment (__) helped them __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in classs malacostraca: __pairs of walking legs, 1st pair modified into __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in class __ large carapace covering head and thorax |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __abdonmen reduced, folded under thorax and 5th walking legs modified for swimming |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
__ have 3 body regions:head throax and abdomen uriramous appendages breath with trachea each segment has one pair of legs wings often present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hexapoda have what kind of appendages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in hexapoda each segment of thoraz has ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in hexapoda _are often present (modified from cuticle on back) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ are a major feature contributing to ecological dominance of insects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| wings of insects (phylum hexapoda) are dervided from |
|
Definition
| dorsal surface of cutilce |
|
|
Term
| what features do hexapoda-insects have to protect themsleves |
|
Definition
| migration and batesian mimicry |
|
|
Term
| __ the monarch butterfly migrates every fall from the northeast to forest in mexico for winter. it congregates by the thousands in trees there but is endangered by clear cutting of forests |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _ the moarch caterpillar feeds on milk weeds, storing toxic compounds that make the adult taste bad to predators (like voimiting bird). the viceroy impersonates the monarch, but tastes fine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most species on earth, by #s are __- _ of all _ species are beetles that feed on angiosperms |
|
Definition
herbivourous insects half insect |
|
|
Term
| studies have suggest that wha a population of __ are divided into 2 different species, the __ feeding on them also divide into two different species |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you have to be __ to handle the toxic chemical most plants produce to defend themslefs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ can promote species formation and diversity, parituclary in organiusms like specialized herbivors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ contribute more than all other groups combined to the earth's biodiversity, due to its large number |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who is related to whom? molluc, annelid, arthropods? |
|
Definition
arthropods and annelids mollusc and annelid |
|
|
Term
| what do arthtropods and annelids share? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do mollusc and annelids share? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| molecular phylongeny rewrote the book? |
|
Definition
| lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa |
|
|
Term
| what are considered lophotrochozoa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are considered ecdysozoa |
|
Definition
| arthropods, nematods other pseudoceolomates |
|
|
Term
what do ecdysozoa (arthropds and nematods and other pseudocoelomates) have ancestor with common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| molecular phylogeny rewrote the book: lophotrochozpa and ecdysozoa based on__ and __ are now divided into 2 major groups |
|
Definition
anaylsis of dna, gene order protostomes |
|
|
Term
__ at some stage of development all possess: bilaterally symmetrical deuterstome embryonic development sgtafe pharyngeal gill slits dorsal hollow nerve chord dorsal notochord verntral heart postanal tail endostyle or thryoid gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in phylum chordata at some stage of development all possess |
|
Definition
bilaterally symmetry deutersome embryonic development, dorsal hollow nerve chord dorsal notrocord ventral heart postanal tail endostyle or thyroid glan |
|
|
Term
| out pockets in the pharynx or throat become gill chanbers and gills in aquatic chordates and become jaws and inner ear and tonsils in terresstrial chordates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
pharangeal gills slits become gill chambers and gills in __ and become jaws, inner ears and tonsils in___ |
|
Definition
aquatic chordates terrestrail chordates |
|
|
Term
| a hallow tube above the notochord becomes the spinal chord and brain in __ |
|
Definition
dorsal hollow nerve chord vertebrates |
|
|
Term
| a firm flexible rod dervied from mesoderm becomes endoskeleton (backbone in )__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
__ tadpole state at some point of life cyle of chordates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __(urochordates, cephalochordates) or __ (vertebrates) located in pharynx/throat region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the subphylum under chordata |
|
Definition
subphylum urochordata subphylum cephalochordata subphylum vertebrata |
|
|
Term
| what combination of charcteristics are defining of chordates but all traits rarely persist to the adult stage |
|
Definition
notochord, postanal slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subphylum cephalochordata |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in subphylum urochordata gills slits on pharynx are used in __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in subphylum urochordata: incoming and outgoing __ keep water moving |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in subphylum urochordata, __ and __ present in tadpole larvae |
|
Definition
| notochord and nerve chord |
|
|
Term
| in subphylum urochordata lacking__, ony tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in subphylum urochordata, adult body covered in secreted __ a polyssachride coating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ benthic; solitary or colonial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __ all individuals share a common tunic that covers the whole colony |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __, individuals keep their own tunic (covering) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _ bottom-dwelling tunicates sessile (glued to bottom) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ solitary or colonial; colonies form by asexual reproduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _ are often very colorful, many chemically defended |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ may harbor photosynthetic symbionts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in ascidians sheets of mucus are produced by ciliated tract called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
in __ sheets move over gills slits in pharynx, through which water is pumped, trapping food particles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ show chrodate features that are not seen in adult ascidians |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tadpole larvae show chordate features not sen in the adult ascidians : |
|
Definition
| notochord and nueral tube |
|
|
Term
| in subphylum cephalochordata, __ fishlike animals also called lancelets; may be living descendents of vertebrate ancestor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __amphioxus, fishlike animals also called_; may be living descendents |
|
Definition
subphylum cephalochordata lancelets |
|
|
Term
in phylum cephalochordata, __ much like ascidians; rely on cilia + mucus -water pumped through pharayngeal gill silts by cilia -mucous produced by endostyle;traps food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in subphylum cephalochordata mucous produced by__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subphylum cephalochordata has what type of circulatory system |
|
Definition
| closed circulatory system but NO heart |
|
|
Term
| in subphylum cephalochordata, segmented muscle bands called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in subphylum vertebrata__ houses dorsal nerve chord; cranium surrounds protects brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in __ vertebral column houses dorsal nerve chord; cranium surround, protects brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subphylum vertevrata has paird __structures on head (super-cephalization) |
|
Definition
| paired sensory structures |
|
|
Term
| does class agnatha hagfish have jaws |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class agnatha hagfish have skeleton of __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do class agnatha have vertebrae? |
|
Definition
| no vertebrae, similar to ancestral certebrate |
|
|
Term
| __ split off fromm vertebrate lineage __millon years ago |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
lampreys and hagfish are__ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ jawless; ectoparasites-feed on fish blood |
|
Definition
| lampreys (from class agnatha) |
|
|
Term
| in class agnatha, __ cartilagetube surrounds nortochord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is key innovation of vertebrate body plan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ are modifications of skeletal rods that used to support gill slits this is in vertebrate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ typical course of animal evoultion: modify a feature;s thats already there rather than invent soemthing from scratch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ appeared about 450 million years ago and led to major radiation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| jaws appeared about 450 million years ago led to major __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
pisaster ochraceous and P. giganteu are_; control the distribution of dominant competitors for space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ paired fins stabilize swimming |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| have lateral line organs sense vibrations in the water, home in on wounded fish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class chondricthyes include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ sit on bottom, crush shellfish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ pectoral fins enlarged as wing flaps |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ flexible endoskeleton of cartilage, but ancestors had and lost bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class chondrichthyes have flexible__ of cartilage but ancestors and and lost bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| class chondrichthyes have flexible endoskeleton made of __, but ancestors had and lost bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in sharks__ organs sense vibrations in the water; home in on wonunded fish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
class osteichthyes ancestor had a __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ became swim bladder in ray-finned fishes (which is most of them) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
class osteicthyes bony fish became __ in ray-finned fishes (which is most of them) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ remained a lung in lobe finned fishes (only modern species are the coelocanths, living fossils) |
|
Definition
| class osteicthyes bony fish |
|
|
Term
| class osteucgthyes (bony fish) remained a lung in __ (only modern species are the coelocanths,living fossils) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ remained a lung in lunfishes |
|
Definition
| class osteichthyes-bony fish |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ shared a common ancestor with 4legged vertebrates (tetrapods) |
|
Definition
| class osteichthyes-bony fish |
|
|
Term
___ jaws+bone skeleton water pumped thru mouth over gills, out of side opening swim bladder air filled sac used for buyancy (evolved from hings) |
|
Definition
| class osteicthyes-bony fish |
|
|
Term
| class osteichthyes have __ air filled sac used for buoyancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ carriers developing young and gives birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ first group with 4 legs (tetrapods); gills disappear, lungs develop, but most respiration is thru skin which must remain moist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ gills disappear, lungs develop but most respiration is thru skin which remain moist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| amphibia develop __, but most respiration is thru __ which remain moist |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ still tied to water for reproduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ metamorphosis:aquatic larvae> semi-terrestrial adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
__ eggs still need to be fertilized in water |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| __ clade with shelled eggs and broke ties to water |
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Definition
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Term
| __ is a disposal sac for certain metabolic wastes produced by the embryo |
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Definition
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Term
| the and the membrane of the allantois exchage gases between the wmbryo and the air. oxygen and carbon diffuse freely across the shell |
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Definition
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Term
| __ protects the embryo in a fluid filled cavity that cushions against mechanical shock |
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Definition
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Term
| _- contains the yolk a stockpile of nutrients. blood vessels in the__ membranes transport nutrients from the yolk to the embryo. other nutrients are stored in the albmen (egg white) |
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Definition
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Term
| early amniotes split into 2 main lineages that have current representatives |
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Definition
1 branch leading to mammals 2 leading to reptiles including birds 2a snakes+lizards 2bcrcodiles, dinosaurs +birds |
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Term
| __first completely terrestrial vertebrates |
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Definition
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Term
| __ shell protects egg from dessication (drying out) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| __ tough, keratin-layered skin protects from dessication(ike chitinous cuticle of arthropods, waxy cuticle of angiosperms) |
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Definition
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