Term
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Definition
| Coronary Bypass Graft: take a piece of vein from leg, take out diseased one from coronary artery and replace it with the leg vein. |
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Term
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Definition
-Heart is so weak that they won't take the risk of a less invasive treatment
-Can't get to the damage with PCI/PTCA
-Damaged areas is so large that it has to be replaced |
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Term
| Why is PTCA better for patient than CABG? |
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Definition
| Less invasive; shorter recovery time, less pain, less scarring |
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Term
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Definition
| Peracutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty: catheter through the skin into vein to the point of blockage, removes block |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| once stent is put in, body just creates another blockage |
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Term
| what happens when vein collapses upward when a stent is placed? |
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Definition
| cuts off blood flow and results in MI |
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Term
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Definition
| Angioplasty that uses tiny blades or laser to cut away plaque |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rhythm that impairs cardiac output due to alteration of order and speed of conduction of electrical impulse |
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Term
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Definition
| regular, rhythmic muscular contraction of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Premature Ventricular Contractions: we all have them when drinking coffee, can be caused by caffeine. (Misplaced beats)
DONT THINK OF ZEBRAS |
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Term
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Definition
| Ejection Fraction: Amount of blood ejected into system every time heart contracts |
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Term
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Definition
| Depolarization of potassium and sodium moving in and out of the heart that creates the volcano that causes the SA node to jump start the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrocardiogram: Measures the speed and strength of electrical conduction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| > 90 bpm: Fast Heart Rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal Sinus Rhythm: 60-90 Bpm |
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Term
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Definition
Ectopy; Artifact
cough during EKG |
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Term
| difference between PAC and PVC |
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Definition
PAC: Premature Atrial Contraction: Heart condition
PVC: Premature Ventricular Contraction: Too much caffeine |
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Term
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Definition
| Delays the order and speed of a rhythm; Dysarrhythmia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: you can read the difference between rhythms but you can't hear them |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Flat Line; Dead; however, there can still be a rhythm because there is still electricity in the heart, just no muscle function (especially with inotrope or epinephrine) |
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Term
| t/f: use doppler, ekg, and listen to atrial pulse to pronounce dead |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| failure to produce a beat |
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Term
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Definition
| Long Pause; related to breathing pattern |
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Term
^
| <-- Strength
| v Speed
<-------------------->
| ^ Baseline
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v |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| doesn't go back to isometric baseline |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| most vulnerable point during a rhythm (which wave) |
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Definition
| middle of T wave- electrical action during recharge will kill patient |
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Term
| t/f: most elderly people are in first degree block |
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Definition
| true: pause is the same everytime the heart fires |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple firings within the atrial chambers; atria chatters; blood clot may occur and cause stroke |
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Term
| t/f: A Fib patients may not have accurate pulse on BP machine so it must be done manually |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: only get nervous after 12 repetitive PVC's |
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Definition
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Term
| t/f: Ventricular rhythms are fatal |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Sa Node: 70-90 times/min
Junction: 50-60 times/min
Ventricle: 18-30 times/ min
All three can make a beat, the BPM just gets slower the farther down the safety net list the heart has to go |
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Term
| Why is there Pulseless Electrical Activity |
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Definition
| there is no correlation between electrical mechanism and mechanical function of the heart. (May be caused by epinephrine) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Congestive Heart Failure: Heart has had enough, slows down and beats with less strength |
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Term
| State in which the heart can no longer pump a sufficient supply of blood to meet the demands of the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Hands, Feet, and Top of the head are cold
Edema |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient entitled 1 visit to hospital every 31 days |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the heart and working out |
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Definition
lifting weights: arms get bigger
working out heart: heart gets bigger but thinner and loses elasticity; begins pumping against resistance |
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Term
| t/f: walking will help move the interstitial fluid throughout the body that causes edema |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when the heart builds a canal to lead blood another way; remodeling |
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Term
| t/f: old man will probably survive MI over a young man because his body has created compensatory mechanisms |
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Definition
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Term
| why is there tachycardia in CHF |
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Definition
| heart rate increases because the heart tries to move the fluid to increase output |
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Term
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Definition
| stretch to provide more forceful contraction of the muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| LV gets larger but less effective |
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Term
| t/f: increase in muscle mass = outgrows the blood supply |
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Definition
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Term
| how does chf cause hypoxia? |
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Definition
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Term
| sympathetic stimulation triggers release of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-vasoconstriction
-raises bp by tightening
-affects glomerular filtration rate (water follows salt: edema) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in clearance of aldosterone; gets out of whack; water gets on board; ADH keeps fluid from running through |
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Term
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Definition
| left and right ventricular CHF |
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Term
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Definition
| pumps oxygenated blood to rest of body |
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Term
| what happens if LV cannot function |
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Definition
| if it cannot pump, blood backs up into pulmonary bed; pulmonary congestion (lung crackles); SOB; decreased blood flow to brain nd all other organs; confusion; cold hands, feet, and head; productive cough, frothy/pink fluid, severe anxiety, weak, tired, no urine output (HRF) |
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Term
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Definition
| Natrecor (IV Drug that causes output) Diuresis: must have foley because it'll go fast; 1,000s of mLs the second it is pushed |
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Term
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Definition
| deoxygenated blood to lungs |
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Term
| what happens if RV cannot function |
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Definition
| cannot pump blood coming into right atria in order to be reoxygenated; blood backs up in circulation; carotids will be large, nose will be large, swollen, and distended, peripheral edema, water will weep out of them through the skin |
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Term
| CHF leads to these other problems |
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Definition
| liver, kidney, and GI tract problems |
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Term
| CHF most common in men who are smokers and drinkers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Drugs that decrease oxygen demand
-drugs that increase cardiac output (Digoxin)
-Diuretics |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. lasix
2. bumex
3. aldactone (strongest)
(Natrecor=emergency) |
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Term
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Definition
| digoxin, dopamine dobutamine, amnecterol |
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Term
| t/f: be careful that patient doesn't pass out when apply nitroglicerine |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enlarge system for better flow |
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Term
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Definition
| slowing of ventricular emptying caused by aortic pressure; left over after EF |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of blood ejected in each systole |
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Term
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Definition
| refills with blood at diastole (before contraction) |
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