Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Cardiovascular
CV
26
Pathology
Graduate
08/07/2016

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Vessel Flow
Definition
Aorta-> Arteries -> Arterioles-> Capillaries-> Venules -> Veins-> Vena Cava
Term
4 Layers of Vessels
Definition
Tunica Intima
Elastic Membrane
Tunica Media
Tunica Adventitia
Term
Signs and Symptoms of CVD
Definition
Chest pain
Arm shoulder neck jaw pain
Palpitations
Dyspnea
Syncope
Fatigue
Cyanosis
Edema
Nausea/Vomitting
Term
Ischemic Heart Disease (What)
Definition
Arteriosclerosis- Thickening & loss of elasticity of arteries; thickening of arterial wall due to plaque
Atherosclerosis- narrowing of artery due to plaque build up
Heart- CAD/CHD
Brain- BCVD
Elsewhere- PVD
Term
Ischemic Heart Disease Factors (Why)
Definition
MRF- Obesity/Inactivity, Smoking, HTN, Increase cholesterol levels, Stress, Impaired Glucose metabolism
NMRF- Gender, age, race, family hx.
Term
Ischemic Heart Disease (Treatments)
Definition
Physical- Angioplasty, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Meds- Heart contraction controlling meds, lipid reducing meds, HTN meds, platelet inhibitors, thrombolytics, vascodilators,
Term
Ischemic Heart Disease Exercise Management (4)
Definition
Angina, sternal precautions, leg precautions, progressive activity
Term
Myocardial Ischemia (What)
Definition
Myocardial pain caused by ischemia
Term
Myocardial Ischemia (Why)
Definition
Blockage, insufficiency, decreased blood pressure, anemia
Term
Hypertension (Why)
Definition
1) Primary- idiopathic
2) Secondary- Drugs & Alcohol, Renal & Endocrine Dz, acute stress, neurodisorders
Term
Hypertension (Treatments)
Definition
Ace inhibitors- reduce blood volume and vasodilate
Beta Blockers- Slow down heart rate
Calcium channel blockers- Reduce calcium movement into cardiac cells and vessels which makes it easier for the heart to pump blood and vasodilate
Diuretics- helps kidneys remove water and sodium from body which helps to relax blood vessel walls resulting in decreased blood pressure
Term
Right Coronary Artery
Definition
SA/AV Nodes
Interventricular septum
Anterior/Posterior and inferior LV areas
Term
Left coronary artery
Definition
Anterior, anteroseptal between R and L heart
Anterior descending branch (widowmaker)- Anterior LV
Left Circumflex- supples anteriolateral and posteriolateral LV
Term
Myocardial Infarction (WHY)
Definition
Artery blockage leads to ischemia OR plaque releases causing a clot
Term
Myocardial Infarction (HOW)
Definition
Interruption in normal EKG
Classic pattern vs non classic pattern
Term
Myocardial Infarction Exercise Management
Definition
Angina, O2 levels, pulse, blood pressure
Term
Left side heart failure
Definition
Pulmonary edema, fatigue, dyspnea
Term
Right sided heart failure
Definition
Dependent edema
Jugular vein distention
Abdominal Distension
Cyanosis
Liver congestion
Term
Arrhythmia (WHAT)
Definition
Number of times/minute
less than 60= Bradycardia
More than 100= Tachycardia
Examples- Atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, heart block, sick sinus syndrome
Term
Arrhythmia Treatments
Definition
Drugs, electrical, invasive ablation
Term
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Definition
What- Mitral Valve thickened, valve narrows, creates atrial pressure and pulmonary vein congestion
How- Echocardiogram
Treatment- Valve replacement/repair
Term
Pericarditis
Definition
Why- Idiopathic (85%), Autoimmune disease, infection, injury, metabolic disorders,
What- Chest pain during breathing and movement in general
Term
3 examples of Inflammatory Disorders (PVD)
Definition
Vasculitis- inflammation of blood vessels that causes change sin blood vessel walls
Buerger's dz- inflammation and thrombosis in small and medium sized blood vessels, typically in legs, associated with smoking
Kawasaki Dz- inflammation in the walls of medium sized arteries throughout the body. Also affects lymph nodes, skin, and mucous membranes.
Term
3 examples of Arterial Occlusive Disease (PVD)
Definition
Peripheral Artery disease
Aterial Thrombosis and embolism
Prone to open wounds
Term
3 examples of Venous Diseases (PVD)
Definition
Thrombophlebitis- inflammation of vein caused by blood clot
DVT- bed rest
Venous insufficiency- veins not function leads to pooling of blood, lack of O2, cyanotic, edma
Term
Example of Vasomotor disorders (PVD)
Definition
Affects diameter of blood vessel
Raynauds- spasm of small arteries and arterioles with exposure to cold. Tips of fingers usually get numbness tingling. Pallor and cyanosis occurs. 20 times more common in females.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!