Term
|
Definition
| metrology of fallout, transposition of great vessels, truncus arterioles, tricuspid atresia, total anomalous pulmonary venous return |
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|
Term
| persistent truncs arteriosus |
|
Definition
| failure of truncus arterioles to divide into pulmonary trunk and aorta |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| abscense of tricuspid valve and hypopalstic R ventricle |
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Term
|
Definition
| pulmonary veins drain into R heart |
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|
Term
| 3 causes of L -> R shunts |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most common congenital cardiac anomaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| uncorrected L->R shunt cuases compensatory pulmonary vascular hypertrophy which results in progressive pulmonary HTN leading to late cyanosis |
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|
Term
| components of metrology of fallot |
|
Definition
| pulmonary stenosis, RVH, overriding aorta, VSD |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| cause of metrology of fallot |
|
Definition
| anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum |
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|
Term
| transposition of great vessels |
|
Definition
| aorta leaves RV and pulmonary trunk leaves LV |
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|
Term
| infantile coarctation of aorta |
|
Definition
| stenosis proximal to ductus arteriosus; w/ Turner syndrome |
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|
Term
| adult type coarctation of aorta |
|
Definition
| stenosis distal to ligamentum arteriosum; notchin of ribs, HTN in UE, weak pulses in lower extremities; can cause aortic regurg |
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|
Term
| a/w bicuspid aortic valve |
|
Definition
| adult type coarctation of aorta |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| RVH and failure; late cyanosis in lower extremities |
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|
Term
| cardiac defect with 22q11 |
|
Definition
| truncus arteriosus, metrology of fallot |
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|
Term
| cardiac defects with Down syndrome |
|
Definition
| endocardial cushion defect (ASD, VSD, AV septal defect) |
|
|
Term
| cardiac defects with congenital rubella |
|
Definition
| sepatl defects, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis |
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|
Term
| cardiac defects with turner syndrome |
|
Definition
| coarctation of aorta (pre ductal) |
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|
Term
| cardiac defects with Marfan syndrome |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiac defects with diabetic mother |
|
Definition
| transposition of great vessels |
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|
Term
| most common cause of R CHF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| drugs that reduce mortality of CHF |
|
Definition
| ACEI, Beta blockers, ARB, and spironolactone |
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|
Term
| CHF drugs for symptomatic releif |
|
Definition
| thiazide, loops, nitrates, digoxin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failure of Q to inc during exercise |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| pulmonary edema, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inc pulm venous pressure -> venous distention and transudation of fluid |
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|
Term
| hemosiderin-lade macrophages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hepatomegaly, ankle, scrotal edema, JVD |
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|
Term
| cause of hepatomegaly in CHF |
|
Definition
| inc central venous pressure -> inc R to portal flow |
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|
Term
| cause of ankle edema in CHF |
|
Definition
| inc venous pressure -> fluid transudation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inc age, obesity, DM, smoking, genetics, black > white > asian |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| essential HTN is related to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atherosclerosis, LVH, stroke, CHF, renal failure, retinopathy and aortic dissection |
|
|
Term
| monckeberg ateriosclerosis |
|
Definition
| media calcification, radial or ulnar; "pipestem" arteries, does not obstruct blood flow |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| hyaline thickening of small arteries in essential HTN or DM; onion skinning in malignant HTN |
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|
Term
| type of vessels in atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
| elastic and large and medium muscular arteries |
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|
Term
| atherosclerosis risk factors |
|
Definition
| smoking, HTN, DM, hyperlipidemi (inc LDL, dec HDL), FH |
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|
Term
| progression of atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
| endothelia dysfxn -> macrophage and LDL accumulation -> foam cell -> fatty streaks -> smooth mm cell migration -> fibrous plaque -> complete atheroma |
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|
Term
| cause of smooth mm migration in atherosclerosis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| complications of atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
| aneurysm, ischemia, infarcts, PVD, thrombus, emboli |
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|
Term
| locations of atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
| abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid |
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|
Term
| symptoms of atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
| angina, claudication; can be asymptomaic |
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|
Term
| population with abdominal aortic aneurysm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thoracic vs abdominal aortic aneurysm associations |
|
Definition
abdominal = atherosclerosis
thoracic = HTN, cystic medial necrosis (Marfans) |
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|
Term
| associationso f aortic dissection |
|
Definition
| HTN, cystic medial necrosis (Marfans) |
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|
Term
| tearing chest pain radiating to back |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stanford A vs B of aortic dissection |
|
Definition
A = ascending aorta; surgically managed
B = descending aorta; medically managed (beta blocker) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ST depression; relieved with rest |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| 2/2 coronary artery spasm; ST elevation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ST depression; CP at rest or with minimal exertion |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| vasodilator may aggregate ischemia by shunting blood from area of critical stenosis to area of higher perfusion |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| within 1 hr of symptoms; lethal arrhythmia |
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|
Term
| chronic ischemic heart disease |
|
Definition
| progressive onset of CHF over many years 2/2 chronic ischemic myocardial damage |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| dark mottling; ale with tetrazolium stain |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| hyperemic border; central yellow-brown softening; maximally yellow and soft by 10 days |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MI light microscope: 0-4 hrs |
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Definition
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|
Term
| MI light microscope: 4-12 hrs |
|
Definition
| early coat necrosis, edema, hemorrhage, wavy fibers |
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|
Term
| MI light microscope: 12-24 |
|
Definition
| contraction bands, release of necrotic cel content, Nt emigration |
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|
Term
| MI light microscope: 2-4 days |
|
Definition
| extensive coag nec; tissue surrounding infarct shows acute inflame; nt emigration |
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|
Term
| MI light microscope: 5-10 days |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| MI light microscope: 7 wks |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| free wall rupture, tamponade, papillary mm rupture, inter ventricular septal rupture |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| rises after 4 hrs and elevated for 7-10 days |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| useful for diagnosing reinfarction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| cardiac, liver and skeletal mm |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ST elevation, ST depression, pathologic Q waves |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inc necrosis; entire wall; ST elevation and Q waves |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| necrosis of <50%; subendocardium especially vulnerable; ST depression |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| top 3 complications of MI |
|
Definition
| cardiac arrhytmia, LV failure and pulmonary edema; cardiogenic shock |
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|
Term
| MI with cardiac tamponade |
|
Definition
| ventricular free wall rupture |
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|
Term
| MI with new mitral regurg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interventricular septal rupture |
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|
Term
| complication aneurysm after MI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| postinfarction fibrinous pericarditis |
|
Definition
| 3-5 days post-MI; relieved with leaning forward |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| AI phenomenon resulting in fibrinous pericarditis, several weeks post-MI |
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|
Term
| most common cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of dilated cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| alcohol, beriberi, coxsackie B, cocaine, chagas, doxorubicin, hemochromatosis and peripartum |
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|
Term
| dilated cardiomyopathy findings |
|
Definition
| S3, dilated heart on US, balloon appearance on XR |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiomyopathy ass w/ Friedreich's ataxia |
|
Definition
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
|
|
Term
| disoriented, tangled hypertrophied myocardial fibers |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| sudden death in young athletes |
|
Definition
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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|
Term
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy findings |
|
Definition
| S4, apical impulses, systolic mumur, |
|
|
Term
| hypertrophic cardiomyop tx |
|
Definition
| beta blocker or nondihydro CCB |
|
|
Term
| causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
| sarcoid, amyloid, postradiation fibrosis, endocardial fibroelastosis, loffler's, hemochromatosis |
|
|
Term
| endocardial fibroelastosis |
|
Definition
| thick fibroelastic tissue in endocardium in young children |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| endomyocardial fibrosis with a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| round white spots on retina surrounded by hemorrhage |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| tender raised lesions on finger or toe pads |
|
|
Term
| what are janeway lesions? |
|
Definition
| small erythematous lesions on palm or sole |
|
|
Term
| signs of bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
| fever, roth's, osler's, janeway, splinter hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| acute bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
| S aureus, large vegetations on normal valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viridans strep, smaller vegetations on abnormal/diseased valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| haemophilus, actinobacteria, cardiobacterium, eikinella, kingella |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| S epidermidis, pseudomonas and candida |
|
|
Term
| bacterial endocarditis and colon cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endocarditis with lupus; wart-like sterile vegitaitons on both sides of the valve |
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|
Term
| complications of bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
| chordae rupture, glomerulonephritis, suppurative pericarditis, emboli |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| valves with rheumatic fever |
|
Definition
| mitral > aortic >> tricuspid |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| granuloma with giant cells in rheumatic fever |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| activated istiocytes with rheumatic fever |
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|
Term
| type of hypersensitivity with rheumatic fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major criteria of rheumatic fever |
|
Definition
| migratory polyarthritis, pancarditis, nodules, erythema marginatum, sydenham chorea |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CP aggravated by inspiration and relieved by siting up and leaning forward |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dressler's uremia, renal failure, radiation |
|
|
Term
| auscultation of pericarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inc ST in all leads, dec PR in all leads |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| EKG with cardiac tamponade |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| findings with cardiac tamponade |
|
Definition
| hypotension, inc JVD, distend heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus |
|
|
Term
| what is pulsus paradoxes? |
|
Definition
| dec in systolic by >10 mmHg during inspiration |
|
|
Term
| what can cuase pulsus peridoxus |
|
Definition
| tamponade, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis and croup |
|
|
Term
| calcification of aortic root |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inc in JVD with inspiration in pericarditis; caused by dec RV capacity |
|
|
Term
| most common cardiac tumor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| multiple syncopal episodes and tumor |
|
Definition
| myxoma= ball valve obstruction |
|
|
Term
| cardiac tumor with tuberous sclerosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| metastasis to heart comes from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| complications of varicose veins |
|
Definition
| poor wound healing, varicose ulcers, edema, stasis dermatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fingers and toes; dec blood flow 2/2 arteriolar vasospasm in cold temp or emotional stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mixed CT disease, SLE, CREST |
|
|
Term
| unilateral HA and jaw claudication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| population with temporal arteritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lab with temporal arteritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vasculitis ass w/ polymyalgia rheumatica |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| weak upper extremity pulses with takayasu |
|
|
Term
| arteries in giant cell arteritis |
|
Definition
| opthalmic -> blindness; temporal |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, weight loss, malaise, HA, abdominal pain, melena |
|
|
Term
| vasculitis immune complex mediated sparing lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tx with corticosteroids and cyclphosphamide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, conjuncitivis, strawberry tongue, hand-foot erythema and coronary aneurysms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| population with beurger's |
|
Definition
| heavy smokers and males <40 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| claudication -> gangrene; autoamputation of digits, nodular phlebitis, raynauds |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper respt tract, lower reap tract and renal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vasculitis with foot drop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vasculitis with eosinophilia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vasculitis that follows URI |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skin: palpable purpura on butt/legs, arthralgia, GI (melena, abdominal pain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neuro symptoms of sturge weber |
|
Definition
| ipsilateral leptomeningeal angiomatosis, seizures and early onset glaucoma |
|
|
Term
| hemangioma of infancy and regresses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| angioma of elderly that does not regress |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vascular tumor with trauma and pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cavernous lymphangioma of neck with Turner |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skin papulse in AIDS by Bartonella henselae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vascular tumor with vinyl chloride, arsenic and ThO2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tumor with persistent lymphedema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| skin papules in AIDS and HHV8 |
|
Definition
|
|
