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Definition
| specialized nerve endings located in walls of aortic arch and cartoid sinuses. Affected by changes in the arterial b/p. increase in pressure = hr and arterial pressure increase. |
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| total blood volume of blood pumped thru heart in 1 min. Stroke volume x heart rate. |
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| difference b/t systolic and diastolic pressures. Normal is 30 to 40 |
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| AV valves close and heard loudest at apex of heart |
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| elevation indicates Myocardial Damage - An elevation occurs within hours and peaks at 18 hurs follwoing ischemic attack |
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| Troponin I - myocardial injury rises within 3 hours and persists for up to 7 to 10 hours |
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| oxygen binding protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscles - rise within 2 hours after cell death |
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| RBC decrease in rheumatic heart disease, and infective endocarditis and increase in conditions with inadequate O2. |
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Definition
| can result from vascular dpelection |
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| Cardiac Catheritization preop |
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Definition
| Informed Consent, assess for allegeries, withhold food 6 to 8 hurs and liquid for 4 to prevent vomiting and aspiration, document ht & wt, baseline vitals, quality and prescence of peripheral pulses, lie on table for 2 hours, fluttery feeling as catheter passes thru heart with desire to cough and palpitations |
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| Cardiac Catheritization Postop |
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Definition
| VS, rhythm for dysrhythmias q30minutes for 2 hrs, assess for pain, dysrhthmias (notify dr if so), peri. pulses and color, warmth, sensation distal to insertion site every 2 minutes for 2 hrs, if numbness/tingling or extremity b/c cool, pale, cyanotic, loss of peri pulse = call dr, monitor for bleeding, extended extremities for 4 to 6 hrs |
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| Prescence of Troponin indicates |
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Definition
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| Low Atrial Pressure in RS Heart Indicated |
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Definition
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| Diastolic heart failure occurs when |
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Definition
| LV is unable to relax adequately during diastole. Inadequate relaxation or ''stiffening'' prevents the ventricle from filling w/ sufficient blood to ensure an adequate cardiac output. Although the ejection fraction is higher than 40%, the ventricle becomes less compliant over time b/c more pressure is needed to move the same amount of volume as compared with a healthy heart |
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| Decreased tissue perfusion from poor cardiac output and pulmonary congestion from increased pressure in the pulmonary vessels indicate |
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Definition
| left ventricular failure (LVF). |
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| In aortic regurgitation, the aortic valve leaflets do not close properly during diastole, and the valve ring may be dilated, loose, or deformed. This allows regurgitation of blood from the aorta back into the left ventricle during diastole. |
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Definition
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| Most clients with MVP are asymptomatic. However, some may report chest pain, palpitations, or exercise intolerance. Atypical chest pain is usually described as a sharp pain localized to the left side of the chest. |
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Definition
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| Principal concerns for clients with aortic insufficiency are |
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Definition
| exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. |
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| The chordae tendineae contract and shorten in |
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Definition
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| Which symptoms support the diagnosis of infective endocarditis instead of pericarditis or rheumatic carditis? |
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Definition
| Splinter hemorrhages are indicative of infective endocarditis. |
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| The single most common symptom of anemia is |
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Definition
| fatigue. This problem occurs because oxygen delivery to cells is less than normal oxygen needs. |
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Term
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Definition
Platelet counts do not appear to change with age.
Total red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts (especially lymphocyte counts) are lower in older adults.
Hemoglobin levels in men and women fall after middle age. Iron-deficient diets may play a role in this reduction. |
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| Platelets begin the blood clotting process by |
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Definition
| forming platelet plugs, but these platelet plugs are not clots and cannot provide complete hemostasis. |
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| An elevated _____ in the anemic client indicates that the bone marrow is responding appropriately to a decrease in the total RBC mass and prematurely destroying red blood cells. |
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Definition
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| Aplastic anemia is associated with a low reticulocyte count |
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Definition
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| Anticoagulants do not dissolve clots, but fibrinolytics do. |
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Definition
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Definition
| interfering with one or more steps involved in the blood-clotting cascade. Thus, these agents prevent new clots from forming and limit or prevent extension of formed clots. |
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| The nurse is about to administer packed red blood cells to the client. Which form of client identification must be used? |
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Definition
| With another registered nurse, verify the client by name and number, check blood compatibility, and note expiration time. Human error is the most common cause of ABO incompatibility reactions, even for experienced nurses. |
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| teaching the client with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia about diet. After consulting with the nutritionist, the nurse encourages the client to eat more of which type of food? |
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Definition
| Dairy products such as milk, cheese, and eggs will provide the necessary vitamin B12 that the client needs. |
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| Which client has the highest risk of a hemolytic transfusion reaction? |
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Definition
| Hemolytic transfusion reactions are caused by blood type or Rh incompatibility. When blood containing antigens different from the client's own antigens is infused, antigen-antibody complexes are formed in the client's blood. Type O is considered the universal donor, but not the universal recipient. |
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| The 45-year-old man presents with leg pain, redness, and warmth of the extremity. He has recently returned from a business trip to China. He does not smoke or use illicit drugs. He is married with two small children. Which factor puts this client at greatest risk for developing venous thromboembolism? |
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Definition
| Because this client travels on lengthy flights, requiring him to sit for long periods of time, immobility is his highest risk factor for thromboembolism. This is a lifestyle modification that can be altered with unobtrusive in-flight exercises. |
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Term
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Definition
| platelets aggregate and a group of blood lipids accumulate. |
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| The female client is being assessed for atherosclerosis. Which laboratory value indicates an increased risk for this client? |
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Definition
| A desirable LDL level is below 100 mg/dL for healthy people and less than 70 mg/dL for those diagnosed with cardiovascular disease or who are diabetic. |
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| The nurse is instructing the client at risk for atherosclerosis on recommended dietary modifications. Which food does the nurse suggest that the client incorporate into his or her Healthy Heart diet? |
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Definition
| A diet of enriched or fortified cereals that contain 100% of the daily requirement of folic acid, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) should be encouraged for those at high risk of atherosclerosis. |
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| Grapefruit juice should be avoided with verapamil because it increases the chance of undesirable effects. |
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Definition
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| Which symptom reported by the postoperative client with a total hip replacement is the result of a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and requires emergency action? |
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Definition
| Shortness of breath and chest pain indicate a possible pulmonary embolism, which can be life threatening. |
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| Tenderness and redness at the IV site indicate phlebitis and is not emergent |
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Definition
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| Pallor is one of the signs of compartment syndrome along with increased pain, poikilothermia, paresthesia, pulselessness, and paralysis |
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Definition
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| Typically, Buerger's disease is identified in young adult men who smoke. |
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