Term
| Blood is a connective tissue (cells surrounded by a matrix), the matrix is a fluid what is it called? |
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Definition
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Term
What are:
Ethrocyte
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
Lymphocyte
monocyte |
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Definition
Ethrocyte: red blood cells – carry oxygen to tissues
Neutrophil: most abundant white blood cell
Eosinophil: inflammatory
Basophil: anticoagulant
Lymphocyte: eliminate antigens
Monocyte: adaptive immunity |
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Term
| Arteries are resistance vessels: what does this mean? |
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Definition
| Resistant to changes in blood pressure, |
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Term
| Veins are capacitance vessels: what does this mean? |
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Definition
| They can hold a lot of blood |
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Term
| What are the 9 regions of the abdomen |
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Definition
Right hypochondriac epigastric L hypochondriac
Right lumbar umbilical L lumbar
Right iliac hypogastric L iliac |
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Term
| Systolic blood pressure is? |
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Definition
| Peak pressure in large arteries during ejection phase of ventricular systole |
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Term
| Diastolic blood pressure is? |
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Definition
| Minimum pressure of arteries during ventricular diastole. |
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Term
| How is pulse pressure measured? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is mean arterial pressure measured? |
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Definition
| Diastolic plus 1/3 of pulse pressure |
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Term
| What does the P wave represent in an ECG? |
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Definition
| Atrial contraction depolarisation |
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Term
| What does the QRS wave represent in an ECG? |
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Definition
| Ventricular contraction of systole depolarisation |
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Term
| What does the T wave represent? |
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Definition
| Repolarisation of ventricles and relaxation of ventricles occurs |
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Term
| How are skeletal and cardiac muscle similar? |
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Definition
| They both have strong contractions and have striations |
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Term
| What is the heart’s natural pacemaker? |
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Definition
| Sinoatrial node (right atrium.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of blood in ventricle after systole |
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Term
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Definition
| Volume of blood in ventricle at max fill right before systole |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of blood ejected by left ventricle in 1 contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| Highest arterial BP of a cardiac cycle occurring right after systole of left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| Minimum arterial BP during relaxation and dilation of ventricle of heart hen it fills with blood |
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Term
| Cardiac output – heart rate and stroke volume |
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Definition
| Amound of blood heart pumps around body in 1 min |
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Term
| Which valves prevent backflow from ventricles? |
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Definition
| Atrioventricular bicuspid left tricuspid right |
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Term
| Which valves prevent backflow from aorta and pulmonary trunk? |
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Definition
| Aortic and pulmonary semilunar |
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Term
| What does surfactant protein B do? |
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Definition
| Prevents alveolar collapse, reduces surface tension |
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Term
| What 2 factors regulate blood flow rate? |
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Definition
Pressure gradient (higher the gradient higher the flow)
Resistance (higher the resistance the lower the flow) |
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Term
| What causes resistance? (3) |
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Definition
| Lumen size, viscosity, vessel length |
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Term
| How do the smooth muscle cells of the vessel wall contribute to regulating blood? |
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Definition
| Vasoconstriction / vasodilation |
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Term
| What 2 things regulate mean arterial pressure? |
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Definition
| Cardiac output and resistance |
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Term
| What do chemoreceptors and baroreceptors do? |
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Definition
Chemo: detect O2 and pH
Baro: stretch of blood vessels |
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Term
| Quiet breathing and forced breathing? |
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Definition
Quiet is passive, don’t really think about it
Forced is active, use accessory muscles |
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Term
| What controls the rate and depth of breathing? |
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Definition
| Medulla respiratory centre |
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Term
| How can flow through airways be increased or decreased? |
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Definition
| Bronchoconstriction / bronchodilation |
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Term
| What does a surfactant do? |
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Definition
| Reduces surface tension at air liquid interface within alveoli |
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Term
| What order do the four chambers go? |
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Definition
| Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle |
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Term
| Steps of pulmonary circulation? |
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Definition
1. Oxygen poor blood
2. Systemic veins
3. Vena cava
4. Right atrium
5. Tricuspid
6. Right ventricle
7. Semilunar valve
8. Pulmonary arteries
Lungs |
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Term
| Steps of systemic circulation? |
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Definition
1. Lungs
2. Gas exchange
3. Pulmonary veins
4. Left atrium
5. Bicuspid
6. Left ventricle
7. Semilunar
8. Aorta
Systemic arteries |
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Term
| The chordae tendinae keep the semilunar valves from flipping backwards |
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Definition
| False, they keep the atrioventricular ones from flipping backwards |
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Term
| Steps of the conduction pathway? |
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Definition
SA
Atria
AV
Bundles
Left and right bundles
Perkenje
Ventricles |
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Term
| What are the 4 stages of haemastasis? |
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Definition
1. Vascular spasm- vasoconstriction
2. Platelet plug – platelets stick to collagen fibers
3. Coagulation – fibrin mesh forms
Clot elimination – clot retraction / degradation |
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Term
| What is the correct sequence of blood vessl through which the blood flows after leaving the heart? |
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Definition
| Capillaries, venules, veins, arteries, arterioles |
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