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Cardiovascular System
N/A
14
Biology
Undergraduate 1
01/23/2013

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Term
Cardiovascular System

Function
Definition
Pump O2 and nutrients for metabolism to make ATP.
carries hormones to various tissues/cells
carries by products of metabolism which need to be expired.
Term
Artery
Vein
Top:
Bottom:
Right:
Left:
Definition
Right/Left Atria
R/L: Ventricle
Right: Collects/pumps blood (DE oxygenated) lungs
Left: Collects/pumps oxygenated periphery
Term
Blood Flow through artery
Definition
Blood > Superior/inferior vena cava >right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > Pulmonary Artery (takes blood to get oxygen
Term
Electrical Conduction System through heart
Definition
SA > AV > Bundles of his > Branches > Purkinje Fibers
Term
Cadiac Action Potential

Phase 0 - 4
Definition
0, Na rushes in once threshold hit
1, K starts to leave
2, Ca starts to come in to balance K going out
3, K is pushed out of cell
4, Concentration gradient re established.
Term
T tubule system of the heart

What's needed to make cardiac contraction?
Why would our body do that? *tetany*
Definition
Ca needs to come in from extracellular fluid so that sacroplasmic reticulum releases it. "Calcium induced, calicium released." Phase 2

>extra Ca ion to enter cardiac cell
K channels that are not fast
> chronic state of contraction
since reestablishment of concentration gradient in cardiac muscle is slow, cant tetany in heart.
Term
Cardiac Cycle - Systole

Stroke Volume, Cadiac Output
Definition
Ventricular Contraction

>Stroke Volume = amount of blood ejected during cardiac contraction.
>Cardiac Output =: HR x SV
Term
How to send out more blood
Definition
. Increase HR
. Increase SV
>Decrease ESV - forceful contraction
> Increase EDV - increasing amount of blood that fills chamber
Term
Cardiac Cylce - Diastole

Left Ventricle does what?
Definition
Ventricle relaxation

Left ventricle creates a pressure wave in aorta. Its maintained by other arteries in body
Term
Hypertension
Beta Blocker
Diuretic
Vasodilator
Definition
>HBP
> Lower HR
>Increase HR
> lower PR
Term
Heart Disease

Atherosclerosis
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
>narrowing of coronary artery
>irreversible hardening of arteries
Term
Injury Hypothesis

Three layers
Definition
Intima: innermost layer - lined with endothelial cells
Media: smooth muscle cell - adjust diameter
Adventitia: connective tissue and collagen fibers
Term
Injury Hypothesis

Shit that goes down. 6 things!
Definition
Injury to endothelial cells exposes intima
In response, platelets cover it up.
They release a chem PDGF, making endo cells multiply
Causing cells to invade luman.
Fat, cholesteral, and TriG becaome stuck in artery
Causing arteriosclerosis.
Term
Circulatory control - parallel system
Definition
constriction doesn't impact blood flow
How your body is able to redirect blood flow to areas that need a lot of blood *fight or flight*
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