Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventricle (belly or pouch) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper right and left chambers of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane lining the cavities of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane forming the outer layer of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partition between right and left atrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| partition between right and left ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid filled cavity between the pericardial layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid filled cavity between the pericardial layers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer closest to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower right and left chambers of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structure within the heart that open and close with the heartbeat to regulate the one-way flow of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart valve between the left ventricle and aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle |
|
|
Term
| pulmonary semilunar valve |
|
Definition
| heart valve from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| valve between the right atrium and right ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| valves located at intervals within the lining of veins, especially in the legs, which constrict with muscle action to move the blood returning to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vessels that carry blood from the heart to the arterioles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large artery that is the main trunk of the arterial system branching from the left ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small vessels that receive blood from the arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circulation of blood throughout the body through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to heart muscle tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to heart via the pulmonary vein, providing exchange for gas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contraction of heart chambers, driving blood out of the chambers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sinoatrial node (SA node) |
|
Definition
| the pacemaker; highly specialized neurological tissue, embedded in the wall of the RIGHT ATRIUM, responsible for initiating electrical conduction of the heartbeat, causing the atria to contract and firing conduction of impulses to the AV node |
|
|
Term
| atrioventricular node (AV node) |
|
Definition
| neurological tissue in the center of the heart that receives and amplifies the conduction of impulses from the SA node to the bundle of HIS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurological fibers, extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches, that fire the impulse from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibers in the ventricles that transmit impulses to the right and left ventricles, causing them to contract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resting; resting state of myocardial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| change of myocardial cell from a polarized state to a state of contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recharging of the myocardial cell from a contracted state back to a resting state |
|
|
Term
| normal sinus rhythm (NSR) |
|
Definition
| regular rhythm of the heart cycles stimulated by the SA node (avg rate 60 to 100 beats/minute) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification (hardening) of the arterial walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| buildup of fatty substances within the walls of arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a swollen area within the lining of an artery caused by the buildup of fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a clot (e.g. air, fat, foreign object) carried in bloodstream that obstructs when it lodges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition of narrowing of a part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plugging; obstruction or closing off |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to hold back blood; decreasing blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a lack of flow through a blood vessel caused by narrowing, occlusion, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to stuff; a localized area of necrosis (condition of tissue death) caused by ischemia as a result of occlusion of a blood vessel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chest pain caused by a temporary loss of oxygenated blood to heart muscle often caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries(angina = to choke) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a widening; bulging of the wall of the heart, the aorta, or an artery caused by congenital defect or acquired weakness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sac-like bulge on one side |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a split or tear of the vessel wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to limp; pain in a limb (especially the calf) while walking that subsides after rest; it is caused by inadequate blood supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal sound from the heart produced by defects in the chambers or valves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subjective experience of pounding, skipping, or racing heartbeat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to grow; an abnormal growth of tissue around a valve, generally a result of an infection such as bacterial endocarditis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heart beat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heart beat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slow heart rate (<60beats/min) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extremely rapid but regular contractions of the heart (250 to 350 beats pre minute) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an interference with the normal ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION of the heart defined by the location of the block |
|
|
Term
| premature ventricular contraction (PVC) |
|
Definition
| a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fast heart rate (>100 beats/min) |
|
|
Term
| arteriosclerosis heart disease (AHD) |
|
Definition
| a degenerative condition of the arteries characterized by the thickening of the inner lining, loss of elasticity, and susceptibility to rupture- seen most often in the aged or smokers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart (tampon - a plug) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disease of the heart muscle |
|
|
Term
| Congenital anomaly of the heart |
|
Definition
| malformations of the heart present at birth |
|
|
Term
| atrial septal defect (ASD) C A H |
|
Definition
| an opening in the septum separating the atria |
|
|
Term
| coarctation of the aorta C A H |
|
Definition
| narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the blood |
|
|
Term
| Patent ductus ateriosus (PDA) C A H |
|
Definition
| abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth |
|
|
Term
| tetralogy of Fallot C A H |
|
Definition
| an anomaly that consists of four defects: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, malposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy- causes blood to bypass the pumonary circulation so that deoxygenated blood goes into the systemic circulation, resulting in cyanosis. |
|
|
Term
| ventricular septal defect C A H |
|
Definition
| an opening in the septum separating the ventricles |
|
|
Term
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
LEFT VENTRICLE FAILURE |
|
Definition
| failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a "bottleneck" of congestion in the lungs that may extend the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body |
|
|
Term
cor pulmonale
RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE |
|
Definition
| enlargement of the right ventricle as a result of chronic disease within the lungs that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs (cor - heart) |
|
|
Term
| coronary heart disease (CAD) |
|
Definition
| a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium- most often causes by atherosclerosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persistently high blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| essential (primary) hypertension |
|
Definition
| HBP attributed to no single cause, but risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterloemia, and hereditary factors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (e.g., kidney disease) |
|
|
Term
| mitral valve prolapse (MVP) |
|
Definition
| protrusion of one or more cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete close and backflow of blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HEART ATTACK; death of myocardial tissue (infarction_ owing to loss of blood flow (ischemia) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery - usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck, jaw), shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and nausea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the myocardium most often caused by viral or bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the pericardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves, most often seen in the legs |
|
|
Term
| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
|
Definition
| formation of a clot in a deep vein in the body, occuring most often in the femoral and iliac veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a physical examination method of listening to a sound within the body with the aid of a stethoscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| noise; an abnormal heart sound caused by turbulence within |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal heart sound that mimics that gait of a horse; related to abnormal ventricular contraction |
|
|
Term
| electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) |
|
Definition
| an electrical picture of the heart represented by the + and - deflections on a graph labeled with the letters P,Q,S,R,T corresponding to events of the cardiac cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an ECG of the heart recorded during induction of controlled physical exercise using a treadmill or ergometer (bicycle); useful in detecting conditions such as ischemia and infarction |
|
|
Term
| Holter ambulatory monitor |
|
Definition
| a portable ECG worn by patients that monitors electrical activity of the heart over 24 hours-useful in detecting periodic abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| Intracardiac electrophysiological study (EPS) |
|
Definition
| Invasive procedure involving placement of catheter-guided electrodes within the heart to evaluate and map the electrical conduction of the cardiac arrhythmias; intracardiac catheter ablation may be performed at the same to treat arrhythmia |
|
|
Term
| Intracardiac catheter ablation |
|
Definition
| use of radio-frequency waves sent through a catheter within the heart to treat arrhythmias by selectively destroying myocardial tissue at sites generating abnormal electrical pathways |
|
|
Term
| magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) |
|
Definition
| magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and blood vessels for evaluation of pathology |
|
|
Term
| Nuclear medicine imaging of the heart |
|
Definition
| radionuclide organ imaging of the heart after administration of radioactive isotopes to visualize structures and analyze functions |
|
|
Term
| myocardial radionuclide perfusion scan |
|
Definition
| scan of the heart made after an intravenous injection of an isotope that is absorbed by myocardial cells in proportion to bloodflow throughout the heart |
|
|
Term
| myocardial radionuclide perfussion stress scan |
|
Definition
| nuclear scan of the heart taken after the induction of controlled physical exercise via treadmill or bicycle or administration of a pharmaceutical agent that produces the effect of exercise stress in patients unable to ambulate |
|
|
Term
| Position Emission Tomography (PET) scan of the heart |
|
Definition
| use of nuclear isotopes and computed tomography techniques to produce perfusion (bloodflow) images and study the cellular metabolism of the heart; can be taken at rest or with stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an x-ray of a blood vessel after injection of contrast medium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a record obtained by angiography |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an x-ray of the blood vessels of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an x-ray of particular artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| introduction of a flexible narrow tube or catheter through a vein or artery into the heart to withdraw samples of blood, measure pressures within the heart chambers or vessels, and inject contrast media for fluoroscopic radiography and cine film imaging of the chambers of the heart and coronary arteries - very often includes interventional procedures such as angioplasty and atherectomy |
|
|
Term
| left heart catheterization |
|
Definition
| x-ray of the left ventricular cavity and coronary arteries |
|
|
Term
| right heart catheterization |
|
Definition
| measurement of oxygen saturation and pressure readings of the right side of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an x-ray visualizing the ventricles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measurement of the amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measurement of the amount of blood ejected from either ventricle of the heart per minute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measurement of the volume % of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| recording of sound waves through the heart to evaluate structure and motion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| echocardiogram of the heart recorded during induction of the controlled physical exercise via treadmill or biking o administration of a pharmaceutical agent that produces the effect of exercise stress in patients unable to ambulate - useful in detecting conditions such as ischemia and infarctions |
|
|
Term
| transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) |
|
Definition
| an echocardiographic image of the heart after placement of an ultrasonic transducer at the end of the endoscope inside the esophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ultrasound technique used to evaluate blood flow to determine the presence of a DVT or carotid sufficiency, or flow through the heart, chambers, valves, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ultrasound images made after a sonographic transducer is placed at the tip of the catheter within a blood vessel |
|
|
Term
| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) |
|
Definition
| grafting of a portion of the blood vessel retrieved from another part of the body to bypass an occluded coronary artery, restoring circulation to myocardial tissue; the traditional method includes temporary arrest of the heart with circulation of the patient's blood through a heart-lung machine during procedure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening; joining of two blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incision and coring of the lining of an artery to clear a blockage caused by a clot or atherosclerotic plaque buildup |
|
|
Term
| transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) |
|
Definition
| a laser technique used to open tiny channels in the heart muscles to restore blood flow, thereby relieving angina in patients with advanced coronary artery disease; an option for patients not treatable with angioplasty and coronary artery bypass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surgery to replace a diseased heart valve with an artificial one
types:
Tissue - most commonly made from animal tissue such as pig or cow
mechanical - made from synthetic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interventional procedures performed endoscopically at the time of cardiac catheterization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use of a flexible fiberoptic angioscope accompanied by an irrigation system, camera, a videorecorder, and a monitor that is guided through a specific blood vessel to visually assess a lesion and select modes of therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excision of atheromatous plaque from within an artery utilizing a device housed in a flexible catheter that selectively cuts away or pulverizes tissue build up |
|
|
Term
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PCTA) |
|
Definition
| method of treating the narrowing of a coronary artery by inserting a specialized catheter with a ballon attachment, then inflating it to dilate and open the narrowed portion of the vessel and restore blood flow to the myocardium; most often includes placement of a stent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| termination of ventricular fibrillation by delivery of an electrical stimulus to the heart, most commonly by applying electrodes of the defibrillator externally to the chest wall but can be performed internally at the time of open heart surgery or via an implanted device |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| implantation of a device used to reinforce the wall of a vessel and ensure it's openness- most often used to treat stenosis or a dissection ( a split or tear in the wall of a vessel) or to reinforce openness of a vessel after angioplasty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device that delivers the electrical stimulus in defribillation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| termination of tachycardia either by pharmaceutical means or by delivery of electrical energy |
|
|
Term
| implantable cardioverter defribillator (ICD) |
|
Definition
| an implanted, battery-operated device with rate sensing leads that monitors cardiac impulses and initiates an electrical stimulus as needed to stop ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a device used to treat slow heart rates (bradycardia) by electronically stimulating the heart to contract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dissolution of thrombi using drugs |
|
|
Term
| angiotenstion-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor |
|
Definition
| drug that suppresses the conversion of angiotension in the blood by the angiotenstion converting enzyme; used in the treatment of hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug that dilates coronary arteries, restoring oxygen to the tissues to relieve pain of angina pectoris |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug that counteracts cardiac arrhythmia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug that prevent clotting of the blood commonly used in treating thrombophlebitis and myocardial infarction |
|
|
Term
| beta-adrenergic blocking agents |
|
Definition
| agents that inhibit responses to sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity causing a slowing of electrical conduction and heart rate and a lowering of the pressure within the walls of the vessels, used to treat angina pectoris and hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gents that inhibit responses to sympathetic adrenergic nerve activity causing a slowing of electrical conduction and heart rate and a lowering of the pressure within the walls of the vessels, used to treat angina pectoris and hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| agents that inhibit the entry of calcium ions in heart muscle cells causing a slowing of the heart rate, lessening the demand for oxygen and nutrients, and relaxing of the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels to cause dilation; used to prevent or treat angina pectoris; some arrhythmias, and hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that increases the force of myocardial contractions in the heart commonly used to treat congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug that increases the secretion of urine commonly prescribed in treating hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug that reduces serum fat and cholestral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| agents that lower cholesterol in the blood by inhibiting the effect of HMG-CoA reductase, a liver enzyme responsible for producing cholesterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs used to dissolve thombi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug that causes narrowing of the blood vessels, decreasing blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drug that causes dilation of the blood vessels, increasing blood flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| angiotenstion-converting enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arteriosclerotic heart disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| coronary artery bypass graft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| electrophysiological study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| implantable cardioverter-defibrillator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| magnetic resonance angiography |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| position emission tomography |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| premature ventricular contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transesophageal echocardiogram |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmyocardial revascualarizatiohn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue plasminogen activator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventricular septal defect |
|
|
