Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - arteries - Aorta |
|
Definition
the largest blood vessel in the body
the main trunk of the arterial system
begins from the left ventricle of the heart |
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Term
| what are the three components of the cardiovascular system? |
|
Definition
| heart, blood vessels and blood |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heart, where is it and what does it do? |
|
Definition
| situated between the lungs, is a very effective pump that has the power to pump blood throughout the body |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - pericardium |
|
Definition
| double-walled membrane that encloses the heart |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - pericardial fluid |
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Definition
| found in the space between layers of pericardium; prevents friction when heat beats |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - walls of the heart - name the three layers |
|
Definition
| epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - walls of the heart - epicardium |
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Definition
| the external layer of heart, inner layer of pericardial sac |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - walls of the heart - myocardium |
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Definition
| the heart muscle, beats constantly |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - walls of the heart - endocardium |
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Definition
| the inner lining of the heart that comes into direct contact with the blood |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - walls of the heart - blood supply to the myocardium - coronary arteries and veins, what do these do? |
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Definition
| the coronary arteries and veins supply the blood needs of the myocardium |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - heart chamber - atria |
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Definition
| singular atrium, the two upper chambers of the heart, the receiving chambers, all blood vessels entering the heart enter here |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - heart chamber - interartial septum |
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Definition
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - heart chamber - ventricles |
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Definition
| the two lower chambers of the heart, blood passes through the ventricles and into the body from the heart |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - heart chamber - interventricular septum |
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Definition
| what separates the two ventricles |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - heart chamber - cardiac apex |
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Definition
| the narrow tip of the heart |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - heart chamber - heart valves, how many, what are their names? |
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Definition
| 4, aortic semilunar valve, mitral or bicuspid valve, pulmonary semilunar, valve tricuspid valve |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - heart chamber - heart valves - tricuspid valve |
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Definition
| controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - heart chamber - heart valves - pulmonary semilunar valve |
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Definition
| located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - heart chamber - heart valves - mitral valve, also known as? |
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Definition
| the bicuspid valve, located between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - heart chamber - heart valves - aortic semilunar valve |
|
Definition
| located between the left ventricle and the aorta |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - systemic circulation - |
|
Definition
| includes the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - pulmonary circulation - |
|
Definition
| the flow of blood between the heart and the lungs |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heartbeat |
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Definition
| electrical impulses contract the myocardium and then it relaxes, producing a "beat" |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heartbeat - what makes the heart beat? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heartbeat - what is another name for electrical impulses? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heartbeat - the sinoatrial node - and it's abbreviation |
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Definition
| also known as the S-A node and the natural pacemaker for the heart, electrical impulses from the S-A node start each wave of muscle contraction |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heartbeat - atrioventricular node and its abbreviation |
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Definition
| A-V node, passes the electrical impulse from the S-A node to the bundle of His |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heartbeat - the bundle of His - named for too |
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Definition
| named for 19th century Swiss physician, Wilheim His, branches of the bundle of His carry electrical impulses to the right and left Purkinje fibers |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heartbeat - the bundle of His - Purkinje fibers |
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Definition
| stimulation of these fibers causes the ventricles to contract, simultaneously forcing blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heartbeat - electrical waves - how are they measured? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heartbeat - electrical waves - P wave |
|
Definition
| due to the contraction or stimulation of the atria |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heartbeat - electrical waves - QRS complex |
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Definition
| shows the contraction or stimulation of the ventricles. the atria relax as the ventricles contract |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - the heartbeat - electrical waves - T wave |
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Definition
| the relaxation or recovery of the ventricles |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - what are the three types? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - what is the lumen? |
|
Definition
| the opening within the blood vessels through which blood flows |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - arteries - how many layers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - arteries - endarterial |
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Definition
| pertaining to the interior lining (intima) of an artery |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - arteries - coronary arteries |
|
Definition
| branch from the aorta and divide again to supply blood to the myocardium |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - arteries - arterioles |
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Definition
| smaller, thiner branches of the arteries, they carry blood to the capillaries throughout the body |
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Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - capillaries |
|
Definition
connect the arterial and venous circulatory systems. Are the smallest blood vessels in the body...how thick?
One epithelial cell |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - veins |
|
Definition
low-pressure return system (brings back oxygen poor blood to the heart)
thinner walled and less elastic than arteries |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - what do vein valves do? |
|
Definition
| prevent blood from flowing away from the heart |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - venules |
|
Definition
| small veins that join together to form larger veins |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - where are superficial veins located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - where are deep veins located? |
|
Definition
| within tissue and away from the surface |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - what are venae cavae? Singular form? |
|
Definition
| vena cava, two large veins that return blood to the heart |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - superior vena cava |
|
Definition
| brings blood from above the heart |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood vessels - inferior vena cava |
|
Definition
| brings blood from below the heart |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - pulse and blood pressure - pulse |
|
Definition
| the rhythmic pressure against the walls of an artery |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - pulse and blood pressure - blood pressure |
|
Definition
| a measurement of the amount of pressure exerted against the walls of vessels |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - pulse and blood pressure - systolic pressure |
|
Definition
| occurs when the ventricles contract, the highest pressure |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - pulse and blood pressure - diastolic pressure |
|
Definition
| occurs when the ventricles relax, the lower pressure |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood - what is it made of (%) |
|
Definition
| 55 percent liquid plasma and 45 percent formed elements |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood - plasma - what is it made of (%) |
|
Definition
| 91 percent water, 9 percent proteins such as the clotting proteins |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood - plasma - name the two clotting proteins |
|
Definition
| fibrinogen and prothrombin |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - blood - what is serum? |
|
Definition
| plasma without the clotting agents |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - what are red blood cells also called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - also known as? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - what are they? |
|
Definition
| erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - what transfers oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - what produces erythrocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - what does hemoglobin contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - what is the name for white blood cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - what do leukocytes do? |
|
Definition
protect the body against foreign invaders
primary defense against infection, |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - leukocyte parts - what are the most common type of WBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - leukocyte parts - what do neutrophils do? |
|
Definition
| fight infection by phagocytosis |
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|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - phagocytosis |
|
Definition
| the process of engulfing and swallowing germs in the body, neutrophils do the work |
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - leukocyte parts - what is formed in red bone marrow, responsible for allergy symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - leukocyte parts - what is formed in red bone marrow and destroys parasites and plays a major role in allergic reactions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - leukocyte parts - what is produced by lymph nodes, the spleen and RBM, and has an important role in protecting the body against disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - leukocyte parts - what else is produced in lymph nodes, spleen and RBM and protects against disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Structures of the cardiovascular system - Formed elements in the blood - what are platelets also known as? |
|
Definition
| thrombocytes (the smallest formed elements in the blood) |
|
|
Term
| cardiovascular system - blood types - how many and what are they? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiovascular system - blood types - what's the difference with type O? |
|
Definition
| no A or B antigens are present |
|
|
Term
| cardiovascular system - blood types - Rh factor - how many Americans are Rh+? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cardiovascular system - blood types - the Rh factor - what does in mean to be Rh-? |
|
Definition
| you don't have the Rh factor on your blood cells |
|
|
Term
| cardiovascular system - blood types - the Rh factor - what is it? |
|
Definition
| the presence or absence of the Rh antigen |
|
|
Term
| cardiovascular system - blood gases - what are the major ones? |
|
Definition
| Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen |
|
|
Term
| Medical specialties related to the cardiovascular system - cardiologist |
|
Definition
| diagnoses and treats diseases, disorders and abnormalities of the heart |
|
|
Term
| Medical specialties related to the cardiovascular system - hematologist |
|
Definition
| diagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of the blood |
|
|
Term
| diagnoses and treats diseases, disorders and abnormalities of |
|
Definition
| diagnoses and treats diseases, disorders and abnormalities of |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Coronary Artery Disease - end-stage coronary artery disease - characterized by? |
|
Definition
| unrelenting angina pain and severely limited lifestyle |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Coronary Artery Disease - atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
| hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Coronary Artery Disease - plaque |
|
Definition
| fatty deposit in the arteries either protruding through the lumen or inward into the wall of the vessel |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Coronary Artery Disease - atheroma |
|
Definition
| a characteristic of arteriosclerosis, is a deposit of plaque within the arterial wall |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Coronary Artery Disease - ischemia |
|
Definition
| a temporary deficiency in the blood supply due to constriction or a blockage |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Coronary Artery Disease - ischemic heart disease |
|
Definition
| a group of cardiac disabilities resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Coronary Artery Disease - angina pectoris, also known as? |
|
Definition
| angina episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium, due to ischemia of the heart muscle, spasmodic choking pain due to interference with the oxygen supply to the heart muscle |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Coronary Artery Disease - myocardial infarction, also known as? |
|
Definition
| a heart attack, the occlusion or blockage or one or more coronary arteries resulting in the infarct of the affected myocardium |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Congestive Heart Failure - |
|
Definition
| a syndrome in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the heart's oxygen needs |
|
|
Term
| if your kidneys retain fluid which causes your legs, ankles and abdomen to swell due to accumulation of the fluid, what might you have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Congestive Heart Failure - cardiomegaly |
|
Definition
| abnormal enlargement of the heart, frequently associated with congestive heart failure |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Carditis |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the heart |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Carditis - Endocarditis |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Carditis - Bacterial Endocarditis |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the inner lining or valves due to a bacteria in the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Carditis - Pericarditis |
|
Definition
inflammation of the pericardium,
an inflammation of the tissue surrounding the heart |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Heart Valves - Valvulitis |
|
Definition
| Inflammation of a heart valve |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Heart Valves - valvular prolapse |
|
Definition
| the abnormal protrusion of a valve which results in the inability to close properly |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Heart Valves - mitral valve prolapse |
|
Definition
| named for the prolapse of the mitral valve |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Heart Valves - aortic, mitral or tricuspid stenosis |
|
Definition
| the abnormal narrowing of the named valves |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Cardiac Arrhythmia and Fibrillation - Cardiac arrhythmia, also known as? |
|
Definition
| dysrhythmia - a change in the rhythm of the heartbeat |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Cardiac Arrhythmia and Fibrillation - what does fibrillation mean? |
|
Definition
| rapid, random, quivering and ineffective contractions of the heart |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Cardiac Arrhythmia and Fibrillation - Altered Heartbeat Rates - bradycardia |
|
Definition
| abnormally slow heartbeat, < 60 beats per minute |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Cardiac Arrhythmia and Fibrillation - Altered Heartbeat Rates - tachycardia |
|
Definition
| abnormally rapid heartbeat, > 100 beats per minute |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Cardiac Arrhythmia and Fibrillation - Altered Heartbeat Rates - palpitation |
|
Definition
| pounding or racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm. can be caused by certain heart disorders or a panic attack |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Cardiac Arrhythmia and Fibrillation - Atrial Disorders - paroxysmal atrial tachycardia |
|
Definition
| and episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are rapid and regular heartbeats which originate in the atrium |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Cardiac Arrhythmia and Fibrillation - Atrial Disorders - atrial fibrillation |
|
Definition
| normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid irregular twitching of the muscular wall |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Cardiac Arrhythmia and Fibrillation - Ventricular Disorders - ventricular fibrillaiton |
|
Definition
| fatal unless reversed by electric defribrillation, is the rapid, irregular and useless contractions of the ventricles |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - angiitis, also known as? also spelled as? |
|
Definition
vasculitis, angitis
inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - angiospasm |
|
Definition
| spasmodic contraction of the blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - angiostenosis |
|
Definition
| the abnormal narrowing of blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - hemangioma |
|
Definition
| a benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - hypoperfusion |
|
Definition
| a deficiency of blood flowing through an organ or body part |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - peripheral vascular disease |
|
Definition
| disorders of the blood vessels outside the heart and brain, most commonly refers to the narrowing of vessels that carry blood to and from the leg and arm muscles |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - Arteries - aneurysm |
|
Definition
a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement on the wall of an artery.
Fatal due to sudden loss of blood when ruptured |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - Arteries - arteriosclerosis |
|
Definition
a group of diseases characterized by the thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls,
abnormal hardening of the walls of the arteries |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - Arteries - polyarteritis |
|
Definition
| an inflammation affected more than one artery at the same time |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - Arteries - Raynard's phenomenon |
|
Definition
| intermittent pallor, cyanosis and redness of the toes and fingers due to arterial contractions caused by cold or emotion |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - Veins - phlebitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Vessels - Veins - varicose veins |
|
Definition
| abnormally swollen veins, usually in the legs |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Thrombosis and Embolisms |
|
Definition
| Both are conditions which can result in the fatal blockage of a blood vessel |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Thrombosis |
|
Definition
| the abnormal condition of having a thrombus |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Thrombosis - thrombus, what is plural form? |
|
Definition
| thrombi, a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Thrombosis - thrombotic occlusion |
|
Definition
| blocking of an artery by a thrombus |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Thrombosis - coronary thrombosis |
|
Definition
| damage to the heart muscle caused by thrombus blocking a coronary artery |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Thrombosis - deep vein thrombosis |
|
Definition
| the condition of having a thrombus attached to a deep vein, happens when bedridden; danger as it might break loose and travel to a lung proving fatal |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Embolism - |
|
Definition
| the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus, often named for the causative factor (air, fat) |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Embolus - |
|
Definition
| foreign object in the bloodstream |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - dyscrasia |
|
Definition
| any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood, any abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - hemochromatosis, what is it also known as? |
|
Definition
| iron overload disease, intestines absorb too much iron from the blood/genetic disorder |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - septicemia - also known as? |
|
Definition
| blood poisoning, a systemic disease caused by microorganisms and their toxins being spread by circulating bloood |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - hemolytic reaction - also known as? |
|
Definition
| transfusion reaction, occurs when a patient receives mismatched blood; causes the destruction of erythrocytes |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Cholesterol - good/bad, what is it actually? |
|
Definition
some is necessary, too much can lead to heart disease
a waxy fat substance that travels in the blood as packages called lipoproteins |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Cholesterol - low density lipoprotein cholesterol, also known as? |
|
Definition
| bad cholesterol, excess quantities contribute to plaque buildup |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Cholesterol - high density lipoprotein cholesterol, also known as? |
|
Definition
| good cholesterol, carries unneeded cholesterol back to the liver for processing and does not contribute to plaque buildup |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Cholesterol - triglycerides |
|
Definition
| combinations of fatty acids attached to glycerol that are found normally in the blood in limited quantities |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Cholesterol - homocysteine |
|
Definition
| an amino acid normally found in the blood and used to build and maintain tissues, when present in elevated levels, can damage arterial walls, lead to coronary artery disease caused by lack of B vitamins |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Leukemia - myelodysplastic syndrome, also known as? |
|
Definition
| preleukemia, progressive condition of dysfunctional bone marrow which may lead to leukemia, treated with blood transfusions |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Leukemia - |
|
Definition
| malignancy characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes found in hemopoietic tissues, other organs and circulating blood, treated with bone marrow transplants |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Anemias - |
|
Definition
| disorders characterized by lower than normal red blood cells |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Anemias - aplastic anemia |
|
Definition
| absence of all formed blood elements |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Anemias - hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
| red blood cells are destroyed faster than bone marrow can replace them |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Anemias - iron-deficiency anemia |
|
Definition
| decrease in the red blood cells caused by too little iron due to inadequate absorption, pregnancy, lactation, or chronic blood loss |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Anemias - megaloblastic anemia |
|
Definition
| larger than normal red blood cells, caused by a deficiency of folic acid or B12 |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Anemias - pernicious anemia |
|
Definition
| autoimmune disorder in which the red blood cells are abnormally formed due to an inability to absorb vitamin B12 |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Anemias - sickle cell anemia |
|
Definition
| genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in sickle shaped red blood cells which do not flow normally, damaging most body systems |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Anemias - thalassemia, also known as? |
|
Definition
| Cooley's anemia, a diverse group of genetic blood diseases characterized by absent or decreased normal hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Hypertension - name the three names which means consistently elevated blood pressure |
|
Definition
| essential hypertension also known as primary and idiopathic hypertension |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Hypertension - secondary hypertension |
|
Definition
| caused by another problem - when the problem is resolved, so is the hypertension |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Hypertension - malignant hypertension |
|
Definition
| characterized by the sudden onset of severely elevated blood pressure, damages small vessels in the brain, retina, heart, kidneys and can be fatal |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Hypotension - |
|
Definition
| lower than normal blood pressure, symptoms can include dizziness, fainting and lightheadedness |
|
|
Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Hypotension - orthostatic hypotension, also known as? |
|
Definition
| postural hypotension, low blood pressure that occurs in a standing position |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - digital subtraction angiography |
|
Definition
| combines video with computer-assisted enhancement of images obtained by conventional angiography, takes out superimposed bone and soft tissue |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - cardiac catheterization |
|
Definition
| a catheter is placed in a vein or artery and guided into the heart where a contrast dye is released and an angiogram is taken to see how well the heart is working OR to clear a blockage |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - phelbography, also known as? what is the result? |
|
Definition
venography, a technique of preparing an x-ray image of veins injected with a contrast medium
result - phlebogram |
|
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Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - coronary calcium screening |
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Definition
not a true diagnostic tool, utilizes computerized tomography which identifies the presence and quantity of coronary artery calcium deposits
may help predict future coronary artery disease |
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Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Electrocardiography, what does it produce? |
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Definition
an electrocardiogram
is the process of recording electrical activity in the myocardium |
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Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Electrocardiography - Holter monitor |
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Definition
| a portable electrocardiograph worn by a patient for 24 hours to record the rhythm and heart rate |
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Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Electrocardiography - stress tests |
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Definition
| electrocardiography used before and after exercise to assess the cardiovascular health and function |
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Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Electrocardiography - thallium stress test |
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Definition
| the radionuclide thallium is used to test the flow of blood during activity |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - antihypertensive medications |
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Definition
| lowers blood pressure with drugs |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - antihypertensive medications - ACE inhibitors |
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Definition
| treats hypertension and congestive heart failure by interfering with the action of the kidney enzyme renin that controls heart contractions |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - antihypertensive medications - beta-blockers |
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Definition
| reduce blood pressure by slowing the heartbeat |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - antihypertensive medications - calcium channel blockers |
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Definition
| reduce the contraction of the muscles that squeeze the blood vessels tight, treats hypertension, angina and arrhythmia |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - antihypertensive medications - diuretics |
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Definition
| increase urine secretion to rid the body of excess sodium and water, treats hypertension and congestive heart failure |
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Term
| Pathology of the cardiovascular system - Blood Disorders - Cholesterol - hyperlipidemia, also known as? |
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Definition
| hyperlipemia, a general term for high cholesterol |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - additional medications - cholesterol lowering drugs, such as? |
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Definition
statins
used to combat hyperlipidemia
reduces undesirable cholesterol |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - additional medications - digoxin, also known as? |
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Definition
digitalis, slows and strengthens the muscle contractions
used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation and CHF |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - additional medications - nitroglycerin |
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Definition
vasodilator
relieves the pain of angina
administered sublingually, as a patch or spray |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - additional medications - anticoagulant |
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Definition
| slows coagulation and prevents clots from forming |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - additional medications - thrombolytic |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - additional medications - antiarrhythmic |
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Definition
| controls irregularities of the heartbeat |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - additional medications - tissue plasminogen activator |
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Definition
| is a thrombolytic that when administered shortly after a stroke or heart attack, it can dissolve the damaging clots |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - additional medications - vasoconstrictor |
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Definition
| constricts the blood vessels |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - additional medications - vasodilator |
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Definition
| dilates or expands the blood vessels |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Clearing Blocked Arteries - percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, also called? |
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Definition
| balloon angioplasty, the use of a balloon at the end of a catheter to press plaque up against the wall of a blocked artery |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Clearing Blocked Arteries - stent |
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Definition
| a wire-mesh tube which is implanted into a coronary artery to provide support and prevent restenosis |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Clearing Blocked Arteries - atherectomy |
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Definition
| surgical removal of plaque from the interior lining of an artery |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Clearing Blocked Arteries - endarterectomy |
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Definition
| the surgical removal of the lining of an artery that is clogged with plaque, the surgical removal of plaque from the interior of a clogged artery |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Clearing Blocked Arteries - carotoid endarterectomy |
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Definition
| the surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a carotoid artery to help prevent stroke |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Coronary Artery Bypass Graft - also known as? |
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Definition
| bypass surgery, the chest is opened and a piece of vein from the leg or chest is implanted to replace a blocked artery |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Coronary Artery Bypass Graft - minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass, also known as? |
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Definition
keyhole or buttonhole bypass
is performed with the aid of a fiberoptic camera through small openings in the ribs |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Cardiac Dysrthmyias - defibrillation, also known as? |
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Definition
| cardioversion, the use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Cardiac Dysrthmyias - what do you use to defribillate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Cardiac Dysrthmyias - automated external defibrillator |
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Definition
| used by nonprofessionals, tests the electrical rhythm and automatically externally shocks the heart to restore heatrate |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Cardiac Dysrthmyias - pacemaker |
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Definition
| either external or implanted under the skin, has connections leading to the heart to regulate the heartbeat |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Cardiac Dysrthmyias - what two conditions warrant a pacemaker? |
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Definition
| bradycardia and arterial fibrillation |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Cardiac Dysrthmyias - implantable cardioverter defibrillator, what two things does it do? |
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Definition
1. constantly regulates the heartbeat to make sure the heart does not beat too slowly
2. if a dangerous dysrhythmia occurs, it acts as an automatic defibrillator |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Cardiac Dysrthmyias - valvoplasty, also known as? |
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Definition
| valvuloplasty, surgical repair or replacement of a heart valve |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Cardiac Dysrthmyias - cardiopulmonary resusitation |
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Definition
| emergency artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels, Blood and Bleeding - aneurysmectomy |
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Definition
| surgical removal of an aneurysm |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels, Blood and Bleeding - aneurysmorrhaphy |
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Definition
| surgical suturing of an aneurysm |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels, Blood and Bleeding - arteriectomy |
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Definition
| surgical removal of part of an artery |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels, Blood and Bleeding - hemostasis |
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Definition
| stopping or controlling bleeding |
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Term
| Treatment Procedures of the Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels, Blood and Bleeding - plasmapheresis |
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Definition
| the removal of whole blood, separation of its cellular elements, and reinfusion of those cellular elements suspended in saline or a plasma substiture |
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Term
| Blood Flow Through the Heart - right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from all tissues, except the lungs, through the superior and inferior venae cavae |
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Definition
| blood flows of the RA through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle |
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Term
| Blood Flow Through the Heart - the right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood through the pulmonary semilinar valve and into the pulmonary artery |
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Definition
| which carries it to the lungs |
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Term
| Blood Flow Through the Heart - the left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the four pulmonary veins |
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Definition
| blood flows out of the LA, through the mitral valve and into the left ventricle |
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Term
| Blood Flow Through the Heart - the left ventricle receives oxygen-rich blood from the left atrium |
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Definition
| blood flows out of the LV through the aeortic semilunar valve and into the aorta which carries it to all parts of the body, except the lungs |
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Term
| Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System angiography |
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Definition
| radiographic (x-ray) study of the blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium, resulting image is an angiogram |
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Term
Diagnostic Procedures of the Cardiovascular System
echocardiography |
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Definition
| evaluate the structures and motion of the heart |
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