Term
| Arteries carry blood ________ the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| Veins carry blood _______ the heart |
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Definition
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Term
Arteries contain what fibers?
What do they do for arteries? |
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Definition
elastin
Allow them to expand/contract |
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Term
| What allows regulation of blood flow and pressure in arteries? |
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Definition
| Elastin fibers and smooth muscle |
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Term
| What is the largest artery? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for opening and closing of arteries? |
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Definition
vasodilation
vasoconstriction |
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Term
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Definition
| cavity that contains the heart |
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Term
What is your pulse?
(What's going on?) |
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Definition
| Arteries are expanding/contracting |
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Term
| You arteries are (thick/thin) but your veins are... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is blood pressure affected by? |
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Definition
| Your ability to vasoconstrict/dilate |
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Term
Which has more smooth muscle?
Veins/arteries? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is in the veins to ensure blood moves towards the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____are under the least amount of pressure, and are furthest away form the heart |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sight of nutrient, waste, and gas exchange |
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Term
| The total surface area of the capillaries is____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Capillaries have what kind of walls? |
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Definition
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Term
| ____can leave the capillaries where it is picked up by the _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________can be shut down and opened up depending upon need |
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Definition
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Term
| How does blood distribution work when you're running? |
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Definition
| More blood goes to your legs, since they need it |
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Term
| What's a normal blood pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common circulatory route? |
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Definition
| heart-->arteries-->arterioles-->capillaries-->venules-->veins |
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Term
| The left side of your heart pumps blood to the ________ and the right to your ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the most abundant waste product we make? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the branch of your kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
| This ring of muscle closes to shut down low priority places |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 2/3 of your heart is found left of the ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| layers of heart? Details please!!! |
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Definition
1. Endocardium = inner lining
2. Mycocardium = muscle layer (largest layer)
3. Epicardium = outer lining of heart
4. Pericardium =membranous sac that produces pericardial fluid (lubrication, prevents friction) |
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Term
How many chambers does your heart have?
Describe them |
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Definition
4
2 atria, which pump blood to ventricles
left ventricle (systemic) pumps to body
right ventricle (pulmonary) to lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| separates left and right halves of chambers so that oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood don't mix |
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Term
Part of the heart that is the fuel system for the heart?
What happens when it dies? |
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Definition
Right atrium, right cornary artery
heart attack |
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Term
How many valves do you have in your heart?
Describe them |
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Definition
4
Atrioventricular (atria/ventricle) encloses triscuspid valve and mitral valve
semilunar - base of aorta and -pulmonary trunk |
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Term
| Why are your valves important? |
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Definition
| They ensure blood flows in one direction |
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Term
| What causes a heart murmur? |
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Definition
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Term
Sound your heart makes?
What is this? |
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Definition
lub dub
*semilunar (lub)closing and atrioventricular (dub) closing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Another name for your heartbeat is the___ |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the names of the phases of the contraction and relaxation of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| The average pulse is ________beats/min |
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Definition
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Term
| About how many beats does a person with a pulse of 72 beats/min have, and how many does one with 60 beats/min have assuming they both live until age eighty? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Explain the process of blood flow |
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Definition
1. Inferior-->superior vena cava
2. right atrium -->tricuspid valve-->right ventricle
3. Ventricles are full, tricuspid valve shuts off so that blood doesn’t flow backward into right atrium
4. Blood leaves heart through pulmonary valve--> lungs
5. oxygenated blood in lungs-->pulmonary arteries-->left atrium
6. left atrium-->through open mitral valve--> left ventricle
7. Left ventricle is full, Mitral valve shuts off to prevent backwards blood flow into left atrium
8. left ventricle-->aortic valve-->aorta-->rest of body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What does a normal ECG look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does an ECG with a sinoatrial block look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does an ECG with an atrioventricular fibrillation look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does an ECG with a ventricular fibrillation look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does an ECG with a cardiac arrest look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does your ECG hopefully look like after you are under a defibrillator? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What's all this about the intrinsic control of the heartbeat? |
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Definition
| The SA node in the wall of the right atrium, a.k.a the "pacemaker" of your heart, sets the sinus rhythm and sends out electrical signals down the bundle of histamine to the bundle branches and Purkinje fibers into the ventricle |
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Term
| Which contracts first: atrium or ventricles? |
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Definition
| The atriums contract, empty,push blood into ventricles, then ventricle contracts |
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Term
| 1. The ______can control heart rate via ___ and ____ in the nervous system |
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Definition
| 1. The MEDULLA OBLONGATA can control heart rate via SYMPATHETIC and PARASYMPATHETIC in the nervous system |
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Term
| Hormones like _____ and _____ can stimulate heart rate |
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Definition
| epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| shows atria depolarizing (contracting) |
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Term
| What does the QRS wave represent? |
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Definition
| atria repolarizing (relaxing)and ventricles depolarizing |
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Term
| What does the T wave represent? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pulse at rest over 100 bpm |
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Term
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Definition
| pulse at rest under 60 bpm |
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Term
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Definition
| signal from SA node doesn't reach atria: no P wave |
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Term
| Define: atrioventricular block |
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Definition
| signal gets delayed too much going to ventricles: PR interval too long |
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Term
| Define: ventricular fibrillation |
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Definition
| erratic quivering of ventricles; no pumping occurs |
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Term
| Define: coronary arteries |
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Definition
| thingy that feeds the heart muscle itself |
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Term
| two ways to treat angina? |
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Definition
balloon inserted into plaque area to break it up; sometimes a metal cage put in place (stent) to hold open area (temporary fix)
CABG (coronary artery bypass gaft)uses the GREATER SAPHENOUS VEIN (temp control)in your leg used to bypass blocks of coronary artery |
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Term
| hepatic portal system process? |
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Definition
1. nutrients absorbed by intestines enters hepatic portal vein
2. Liver deoxifies nutrients where blood leaves liver via hepatic vein and enters vena cava |
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Term
| What does your plasma consist of? |
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Definition
-92% water
-Proteins albumins, globulins, and firbrinogens
-Salts
-Gases O2 and CO2
-Nutrients: lipids, glucose, and amino acids
-nitrogenous wastes: urea, uric acid
-hormones
-vitamins |
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Term
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Definition
| biconcave disks made by red bone marrow |
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Term
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Definition
-4 globin groups (proteins)
-4 heme groups: contain iron to bind to O2
-98.5% of O2 carried by hemoglobin
-lacks a nucleus
-120 day life cycle |
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Term
Where are old RBC destroyed?
How is this done? |
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Definition
liver & spleen
Bilrubin (RBC pigment) sent to liver for removal in bile
iron is recycled |
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Term
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Definition
inability of body to carry enough oxygen
iron deficiency and hemolytic anemia (due to blood loss) |
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Term
| What's your body's response to lack of O2? (bloodwise) |
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Definition
| kidneys release erythropoeitin to increase # of blood cells to carry more O2 |
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Term
| Where is our olympic training center? Why? |
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Definition
Colorado Springs
less oxygen upon a mtn, makes more blood cells |
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Term
| Which is more numerous? WBC or RBC |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
granulocytes
agranulocytes |
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Term
| types of granulocytes? (+functions) |
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Definition
-neutrophils (attack bacteria)
-eosinophils (allergies)
-basophils (release histamine (dialates blood vessels) |
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Term
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Definition
lymphocytes: B and T cells (specific immunity)
monocytes: become macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
-platelets w/out a nucleus inbolved in clotting
-come from cell called megakaryocyte
-cell fragments |
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Term
blood clotting happens when...
(describe process) |
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Definition
-blood vessels are damaged
-cells release prothrombin activator
-prothrombin activator converts prothrombin into thrombin (Ca+2 must be present)
-thrombin converts firbinogen into fibrin |
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Term
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Definition
| insoluble netting which traps platelets and other cells to form the initial plug |
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Term
| What vein is used in CABG? |
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Definition
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Term
| proteins found in plasma? |
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Definition
| albumins, globulins, and firbrinogens |
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