Term
| How is circulation done in cnidarians |
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Definition
| simple diffusion form cells |
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Term
| How is circulation done in protozoa |
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Definition
| their body is shaped so that their innet cells can contact the enviroment, so diffusion occurs there |
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Term
| How is circulation done in arthropods |
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Definition
| open circulatory system: blood in in direct contact with tissues, circulated by movements, flows through dorsal vessels into a space called sinuses(where exchange occurs) |
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Term
| How is circulation done in annelids |
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Definition
| closed circulatory system: blood confined to vessels…annelids have 5 pairs aortic loops(serves as pumps). Annelids have no RBC |
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Term
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Definition
| branches off the arteries from near the heart (in humans) |
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Term
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Definition
| send blood away from heart |
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Term
| when is the blood in the arteries oxygenated, or deoxygnated |
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Definition
| oxygenated: when sent towards the body capillaries deoxygentated: when sent towards the pulmonary(lung) capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| where deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated |
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Term
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Definition
| exchange of gas, nutrients, wastes through capilary walls to specific body parts where oxgenated blood becomes deoxygenated |
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Term
| what kind of heart does the human have |
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Definition
| 4 chamber, 2 exits and 2 enterances |
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Term
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Definition
| upper thin walled chamber in the heart that recieves blood |
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Term
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Definition
| lower extremely muscular chamber that pumps blood away from heart |
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Term
| where does most of the bllod flow depend on |
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Definition
| most depends on skeletal movement |
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Term
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Definition
| branches from to ateries and becomes capilaaries |
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Term
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Definition
| branches right before veins right after capillaries |
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Term
| what is the difference between the left and right side of the heart |
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Definition
| the left recieves and sends oxygenated blood, the right recieves and sends deoxygenated blood |
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Term
| how does veins prevent backflow from gravity |
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Definition
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Term
| how exactly does the capillaries exchange material and gases |
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Definition
| since it is composed of single layer endothelial cells, it can easily diffuse |
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Term
| how are the structures of the capillaires, veins, and arteries look like |
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Definition
| both arteries and veins have it surrounded by connective tissue, and has muscle within, and endothelium on the inner layer……capillaries have only an endothelium |
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Term
| what does the lymphatic system do |
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Definition
| its vessels transport excess interestial fliuds to the cardiovascular system, thus keeping the body levels constant |
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Term
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Definition
| swellings alongs lymph vessels that contain phagocytic cells that filter lymph from pathogens |
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Term
| how much of blood is cellular |
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Definition
| 45% cellular, other is fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| fliud portion of blood that contains salts, nutrients, gases, wastes, hormones, and blood protein (immunglobin etc) |
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Term
| what are the cellular parts of blood |
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Definition
| RBC (erythrocytes), WBC (leukocytes), platelets |
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Term
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Definition
| contains 250million hemoglobins (each can carry 4 O2's and also CO2::: the combination called oxyhemoglobin) shaped biconcave for good SA |
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Term
| how is the lifecycle like for RBC's |
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Definition
| RBC's are created in stem cells(from bone marrow), then they mature to lose almost all organelle(including nucleus), circulate in blood for 120 days and then get phagocytized by special cells in spleen and liver |
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Term
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Definition
| bigger than RBC, either are macrophages or are lymphocyctes (B and T helper and Ab) |
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Term
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Definition
| cell fragments with no nucleus that forms clots |
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Term
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Definition
| when the platelets get in conatct with blood breaking, the form platelet plug and form thromboplastin. Thromboplastin ( + prothrombin) gets activated into thrombin. Thrombin converts fribinogen into fibrin which does the clotting |
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Term
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Definition
| A substance that causes the body to produce specific antibodies or sensitized T cells |
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Term
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Definition
| immunity that involves formation of Anitbodies |
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Term
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Definition
| combat viral and fungal infections |
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Term
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Definition
| A protein produced to an Ag, and one capable of combining with that ag and destroy it. It can attract other immune system cells, or can agglunate pathogens to form clumps Also called an immunoglobulin |
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Term
| difference between active and passive immunity |
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Definition
| active is sending a pathogen or a part of pathogen (specific)…..pasive is injecting antibodies (usually not specific) |
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Term
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Definition
| fraction of the blood containing a wide variety of Abs |
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Term
| how is skin a protection from pathogen |
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Definition
| physical barrier and sweat that attacks bacterial cell walls |
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Term
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Definition
| filter and trap foreign particles located at the cilia of respitory tract |
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Term
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Definition
| released by damaged cells which causes inflammation which causes dilation increase blood flow accompanied by a fever |
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Term
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Definition
| interfer with development of viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| innapropiate responses to food/pollens which triggers release of histamine |
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Term
| why do transplants sometimes get rejected |
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Definition
| because immune system will recognize it as a pathogen |
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Term
| what are the anitgens of RBC |
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Definition
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Term
| for ABO RBC's what is the universal donor who is the universal recipient |
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Definition
| AB universial recipient O is universal donor |
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Term
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Definition
| differences between Rh+ and Rh- can affect the blood transfer during pregancy |
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