Prolonged angina unresponsive to nitroglycerin may indicate heart attack.

A) True

B) False

A) True

Which of the followings is a MAJOR risk factor for cornoary artery disease?

A) Cigraette smoking

B) Hypertension

C) Hypercholesterolemia (LDL factor)

D) Diabetes mellitus

E) All of the above

E) All of the above

Which of the following symptoms would not be found in a patient with a history of congestive heart failure?

A) Peripheral edema

B) Wheezing

C) Orthopnea (need three pillows to sleep on at night)

D) Shortness of breath

E) None of the above; any can be seen in CHF

ALL of the following are true of congestive heart failure EXCEPT:

A) Almost always develops rapidly from acute disease

B) Pulmonary congestion results from left sided failure

C) Can be a complication of myocardial infarction

D) Respiratory symptoms relieved by sitting up

A) Almost always develops rapidly form acute disease

Hypertension is assiociated with all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Atherosclerotic changes in the vascular systm

B) More frequent among blacks

C) Almost always has symptomatic findings

D) Alll of th above

E) None of the above

C) Almost always has symptomatic findings

Which of the following is not a possible complication of Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)?

A) Congestive heart failure

B) Arrhythmia

C) Death

D) Pneumothorax

D) Pneumothorax

Atrial fibrillation may occur without any identifiable cause (same as idiopathic).

A) True

B) False

A) True

The cardiac muscle is the only type of muscle that has autometricity. Nodes initiate the electrical impulses and are the conduction systme for the heart. Abnormalities of these impulses can cause:

A) Tachycardia

B) Bradycardia

C) Arrhythmia

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

What does an ECG tell you about the heart?

A) An ECG determines the electrical activity of the heart

B) Diagnose specific cardiac pathology

C) Whether the patient has ever had rheumatic fever

D) None of the above

A) An ECG determines the electrical activity of the heart

What are the precipitating causes of angina?

A) Exercise

B) Small meals

C) Cold weather

D) A and B

E) A and C

E) A and C

What are the signs of unstable angina?

A) New onset angina and angina with exercise only

B) Rest angina and crescendo angina

C) Angina relieved by sublingula nitroglycerine x 1

D) Nocturnal angina-symptoms occuring in sleep

E) B and D

E) B and D

Infarction is the death of tissue due to:

A) Infection

B) Inflammtion

C) Reduced blood supply

D) Trauma

C) Reduced blood supply

An abnormal local dilatation of a blood vessel is called:

A) Embolism

B) Aneurysm

C) Lesion

D) Plague

B) Aneurysm

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is mainly due to:

A) Angina

B) Atherosclerosis

C) HTN

D) Recurrent MI

B) Atherosclerosis

Factors that aggravate primary HTN are all EXCEPT:

A) Increased age

B) Increased exercise

C) Increased sodium intake

D) Increased stress response

B) Increased exercise

Of the following conditions which is not a complication of infective endocarditis?

A) Embolization

B) Stroke

C) Pulmonary Infarction

D) Increased cardiac output

D) Increased cardiac output

Which of the following are NOT considered risk factors of MI?

A) Premenopausal women

B) Male gender

C) Hyperlipidemia

D) Family history

A) Premenopausal women

Treatment of hypertension includes:

A) Lifestyle / risk factor modifications

B) Diuretics and Beta Blockers first line

C) ACE inhibitors, Calcium Channel Blockers

D) All of the above

D) All of the above

Secondary hypertension mostly due to kidney disease.

A) True

B) False

A) True

Risk factors for CAD are all EXCEPT:

A) Low LDL

B) Hypertension

C) Male Gender

D) High saturated fat intake

A) Low LDL

Tetralogy of Fallot:

A) Congenital heart disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

C) Hypertension-related disease

D) Inflammatory disease

E) Metabolic disease

A) Congenital heart disease

Maternal rubella infection during pregnancy:

A) Congenital heart disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

C) Hypertension-related disease

D) Inflammatory disease

E) Metabolic disease

A) Congenital heart disease

Myocardial infarct:

A) Congenital heart disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

C) Hypertension-related disease

D) Inflammatory disease

E) Metabolic disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

Rheumatic fever:

A) Congenital heart disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

C) Hypertension-related disease

D) Inflammatory disease

E) Metabolic disease

D) Inflammatory disease

Interventricular septal defect:

A) Congenital heart disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

C) Hypertension-related disease

D) Inflammatory disease

E) Metabolic disease

A) Congenital heart disease

Thrombotic cerebrovascular accident complicating atherosclerosis:

A) Congenital heart disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

C) Hypertension-related disease

D) Inflammatory disease

E) Metabolic disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

Stroke in a person with chronic renal disease:

A) Congenital heart disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

C) Hypertension-related disease

D) Inflammatory disease

E) Metabolic disease

C) Hypertension-related disease

Hyperlipidemia:

A) Congenital heart disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

C) Hypertension-related disease

D) Inflammatory disease

E) Metabolic disease

E) Metabolic disease

Angina pectoris:

A) Congenital heart disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

C) Hypertension-related disease

D) Inflammatory disease

E) Metabolic disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

Bacterial endocarditis:

A) Congenital heart disease

B) Ischemia vascular disease

C) Hypertension-related disease

D) Inflammatory disease

E) Metabolic disease

D) Inflammatory disease

Which is the most common congenital heart defect recognized in clinical practice?

A) Interatrial septal defect

B) Interventricular septal defect

C) Tetralogy of Fallot

D) Transposition of great vessels

E) Coarctation of the aorta

B) Interventricular septal defect

ALL of the following are risk factors of atherosclerosis EXCEPT:

A) Advanced age

B) Heredity

C) Diabetes

D) Hypertension

E) Estrogens

E) Estrogens

Which of the following has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?

A) Regular exercise

B) Alcohol

C) Cigarette smoking

D) Aspirin

E) Antihypertensive drugs

C) Cigarette smoking

Atherosclerotic aneurysms are most often located in the:

A) Cornary arteries

B) Ascending aorta

C) Thoracic aorta

D) Abdominal aorta

E) Iliac arteries

D) Abdominal aorta

Atherosclerotic narrowing of which artery causes hypertension?

A) Middle cerebral artery

B) Anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery

C) Right coronary artery

D) Renal artery

D) Renal artery

Intermittent claudication is caused by atherosclerosis of the:

A) Carotid artery

B) Subclavian artery

C) Splenic artery

D) Renal artery

E) Popliteal artery

E) Popliteal artery

Infarction of the posterior half of the interventricular septum is caused by an occlusion of the:

A) Main trunk of the left coronary artery

B) Anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery

C) Circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

D) Right coronary artery

E) Coronary sinus

D) Right coronary artery

Acute cardiac tamponade is typically a complication of:

A) Rupture of the left ventricle as a result of myocardial infarction

B) Mural thrombosis

C) Ventricular aneurysm

D) Subendocardial circumferential myocardial infarction

E) Rupture of the papillary muscle

A) Rupture of the left ventricle as a result of myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction is accompanied by typical biochemical changes. Elevation of which enzyme in the blood occurs first after teh occlusion of a coronary artery?

A) Lanine aminotransferase

B) Aspartate aminotransferase

C) Creatine kinase

D) Lactate dehydrogenase

E) Acid phosphatase

C) Creatine kinase

The most common form of arterial hypertension is considered to be:

A) Essential or idiopathic

B) Caused by kidney disease

C) Caused by adrenal cortical hyperactivity

D) Secondary to adrenal medullar tumors

E) Seconary to the narrowing of the aorta

B) Caused by kidney disease

Rheumatic carditis is typically preceded by:

A) Streptococcal throat infection

B) Staphylococcal skin infection

C) Gonococcal arthritis

D) Coxsackie B virus myositis

E) Influenza

A) Streptococcal throat infection

The most common complication of rheumatic endocarditis is:

A) Bacterial endocarditis

B) Viral endocarditis

C) Fungal endocarditis

D) Parastic endocarditis

E) Pulmonary embolism

A) Bacterial endocarditis

The most common cause of infectious myocarditisin the United States is:

A) Toxoplasma gondii

B) Trypanosoma cruzi

C) Coxsackie B virus

D) Treponema pallidum

E) Streptococcus pneumoniae

C) Coxsackie B virus

ALL of the following represent iatrogenic heart lesions EXCEPT:

A) Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

B) Radiation-induced heart disease

C) Doxorubicin-induced heart disease

D) Digitalis toxicity

E) Postcardiotomy pericarditis

A) Alcoholic cardiomyopathy