Term
- Strip 1: 60 bpm, NSR
- Strip 2: 120bpm
sinus tachycardia
- Strip 3: 50 bpm, Sinus bradycardia |
|
Definition
[image]
What is the rate and rhythm of each strip?
(Note: each complete strip = 6 sec) |
|
|
Term
| SYNCHRONIZED CARDIOVERSION |
|
Definition
| elective procedure in which a SYNCHRONIZED shock of 25 to 50 joules is delivered to restore normal sinus rhythm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the use of electrical device to apply countershocks to the heart through electrodes placed on the chest wall to stop fibrillation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the time interval for a normal QRS complex ? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| what is the length of time for a normal PR interval? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart rhythm with no identifiable P waves, normal QRS,described as "IRREGULARLY IRREGULAR" |
|
|
Term
| SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (SVT) |
|
Definition
| SINUS rhythm, above 150 bpm |
|
|
Term
| during REPOLARIZATION, T-wave |
|
Definition
| The is the most unstable phase of the cardiac cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| therapeutic level of DIGOXIN |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pacemaker that fires ONLY when it senses BRADYCARDIA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pacemaker that stimulates a P wave and a QRS complex. |
|
|
Term
| SA node, AV junction, Bundle of Hiss, Purkinje Fibers |
|
Definition
| normal CONDUCTION PATHWAY(4) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal INTRINSIC rate of SA node |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
|
|
Term
| Length of a normal QRS interval |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| c. Right atrium and right ventricle |
|
Definition
1. The tricuspid valve is located between the:
a. Left atrium and left ventricle
b. Left ventricle and aorta
c. Right atrium and right ventricle
d. Right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A drug (i.e., atropine) that blocks the vagus nerve results in what? |
|
|
Term
| positively inotropic agent |
|
Definition
| A drug (i.e., digoxin) that increases the force of myocardial contraction and is classified as a(n) _____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A heart rate greater than 100 beats/min |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A heart rate less than 60 beats/min |
|
|
Term
A) is about half the length of a normal P-R interval
|
|
Definition
A normal QRS interval: (select all that apply)
A) is about half the length of a normal P-R interval
B) is about 0.15 sec
C) is a positive deflection
D) remains on the isoelectric line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A patient experiences shortness of breath. What is our first nursing intervention? |
|
|
Term
| Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) |
|
Definition
| A positive Homan's sign is an indication of . . . |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A structure that receives the electrical signal from the conduction tissue in the atria; it delays the entrance of the electrical signal into the His-Purkinje system |
|
|
Term
| on the interatrial septum close to the tricuspid valve. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amount of ventricular force needed to open valves and eject blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All of the following are electrical terms except
A) systole
B) depolarization
C) action potential
D) repolarization |
|
|
Term
- stroke volume
- 60-80ml
|
|
Definition
| Amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one beat (2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of ventricular force needed to open valves and eject blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An extra heart sound, heard between normal beats |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another name for the mitral valve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Left gastric
Splenic
Hepatic |
|
Definition
Arteries that deliver blood to:
Stomach
Spleen
Liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Procedure for Homan's sign Assessment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atrial relaxation, followed by ventricular relaxation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Average resting cardiac output |
|
|
Term
- cardiovascular
- nervous
- urinary
- endocrine |
|
Definition
| BP-regulating systems include the ____, _____, ______, and _____ |
|
|
Term
| combined alpha and beta blockers:Action |
|
Definition
| Block alpha-adnergic receptors causing vasodilation and reduced blood pressure; decrease symphathetic nervous system resulting in decreased heart rate,and contractility. |
|
|
Term
| central acting alpha-2 agonists:Action |
|
Definition
| Block effects of symathetic nervous system centrally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood flow through the capillaries is known as _______ |
|
|
Term
| pressure in the ventricles is lower than pressure in the atria |
|
Definition
| Blood flows from the atria to the ventricles through open AV valves when |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood flows from the right atrium through this atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood travels through the mitral valve and into |
|
|
Term
| one cardiac cycle or one heartbeat. |
|
Definition
| Both atria contract as both ventricles relax. Immediately after this, both ventricles contract as both atria relax. |
|
|
Term
WHAT - humming in vessel heard when auscultated
WHY - turbulent blood flow
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Central Venous Pressure:
- determines how much fluid/hydration patient is in
- determines right atrial preload |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- Involves angiography.
- Examines vessels in the heart
- uses dye to make vessels visible on x-ray
- patient will be conscious and can respond |
|
Definition
| Cardiac catheterization: description (4) |
|
|
Term
| - Inform MD if you feel burning, headache, chest pain |
|
Definition
| Cardiac catheterization: patient teaching |
|
|
Term
- NO worries of gag reflex
- 7 Ps
- no flexing leg 4 hrs
- log roll to turn
- V/S
- sand bag over insertion area |
|
Definition
| Cardiac catheterization: post-op nursing (6) |
|
|
Term
- obtain consent
- NPO 8-12 hrs
- explain procedure
- fluoroscope
- IV insertion |
|
Definition
| Cardiac catheterization: pre-op nursing (5) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and _____ |
|
|
Term
- diet
- weight
- stress
- exercise
- alcohol
- smoking |
|
Definition
| Cardiac risk factors: modifiable (6) |
|
|
Term
| - age - race - gender - family history - diabetes |
|
Definition
| Cardiac risk factors: non-modifiable (5) |
|
|
Term
- EKG
- treadmill test
- Thallium test
- Blood gases |
|
Definition
| Cardiac tests (procedural) available (4) |
|
|
Term
Cardioversion corrects Atrial fibrillation
D-fib corrects Ventricular fibrillation |
|
Definition
| Cardioversion v Defibrillation: purpose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chamber that anchors the chordae tendineae of the mitral valve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chamber that pumps "blue" blood to the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chamber that pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chamber that receives blood from the venae cavae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from four pulmonary veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chest pain resulting from myocardial ischemia |
|
|
Term
- Fowler's position
- obtain order for O2 |
|
Definition
| Chest pain: nursing intervention |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chest wall into superior vena cava |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cholesterol: reference range |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Chordae tendineae are not associated with this valve.
A) aortic
B) mitral
C) tricuspid
D) bicuspid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Circulation maintained by the left side of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Circulation maintained by the right side of the heart |
|
|
Term
| higher fibrinogen levels and greater fibrinolytic activity with advancing age |
|
Definition
| Clots can form more easily in women's coronary arteries due to ___________ |
|
|
Term
Chronic oxygen deficiency
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Complete the blood flow sequence:
pulmonary capillaries
-> pulmonary veins
-> left atrium
-> left ventricle
-> ____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condition of decreased supply of oxygenated blood to body part or organ. |
|
|
Term
| Mitral and bicuspid valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, and increasing stress levels |
|
Definition
| Contributing to an increased incidence of cardiovascular disorders in younger people. |
|
|
Term
| carries O2 and nutrients to myocardium |
|
Definition
| Coronary arteries: function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Arteries and veins are usually in a state of slight constriction that helps maintain normal blood pressure.
|
|
Definition
| Define peripheral resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Degree of stretch of ventricles before contraction (systole) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Denotes Atrial contraction: positive deflection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Denotes main part of ventricular contraction: Highest positive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Disease in which lipids are deposited on and in the walls of arteries over a period of years, narrowing them and decreasing blood flow, and forming rough surfaces that may lead to arterial clots. |
|
|
Term
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) |
|
Definition
| Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart |
|
|
Term
| Common iliac branches into internal iliac artery |
|
Definition
| Distributes blood to Pelvic muscles, bladder, rectum, prostate, reproductive organs |
|
|
Term
Brachiocephalic (innominate) branches into
Right subclavian
Right common carotid |
|
Definition
| Distributes blood to Right upper extremity and Right side of head and neck |
|
|
Term
| Left and right coronary arteries |
|
Definition
| Distributes blood to the heart muscle |
|
|
Term
| Axillary, brachial, subclavian |
|
Definition
Drainage area: Arms
veins? |
|
|
Term
| ephalic, basilic, median cubital |
|
Definition
Drainage area: Hand, forearm, elbow
Veins? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Drainage area: Hands
veins? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Drainage area: Skull
Vein? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Drainage area:Lower extremities
vein? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Drug of choice for symptomatic bradicardia |
|
|
Term
NONE! Don't treat asymptomatic bradycardia
|
|
Definition
| Drug of choice for treatment of asymptomatic bradycardia |
|
|
Term
Starling's law of the heart
|
|
Definition
| During exercise, venous return increases and stretches the ventricular myocardium, which in response contracracts more forcefully. What is this called? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During which "phase" of the heartbeat is the mitral valve closed? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each ventricle empties through |
|
|
Term
| Decrease in bundle of His (AV bundle) fibers |
|
Definition
| Effect of aging that contributes to increased incidence of heart block |
|
|
Term
| Increased rigidity of vessels from decreased elasticity |
|
Definition
| Effect of aging that results in increased BP and left ventricle hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
Changes on electrocardiogram (ECG)
Bradycardia (decreased HR) and/or irregular heart rate
Fatigue
Signs/symptoms of heart failure are possible
Abnormal heart sounds |
|
Definition
Effects of Fibrosis in the conduction system and heart calcification of the valves
Increased size of myocardium and atria
Decreased cardiac output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrical impulse move randomly through out of atria |
|
|
Term
| sinoatrial node (SA node or sinus node) |
|
Definition
| Embedded in the wall of the right atrium at the junction of the SVC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| End stage of ventricular contraction. Starts netative and reflects positive before returning to the isolectric line. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excess vagal stimulation to the SA node is most apt to cause |
|
|
Term
| a. Diffusion and filtration |
|
Definition
Exchange of nutrients, salts, gases, and wastes across capillary walls occurs by:
a. Diffusion and filtration
b. Osmosis and filtration
c. Pinocytosis and diffusion
d. Pinocytosis and osmosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Failure of the S-wave to return to the isoelectric line (stays in positive) indicates what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fibrosis of heart valves causes them to thicken, as indicated by what sound? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CO = SV x HR
cardiac output is stroke volume times heart rate. |
|
Definition
| Formula for calculating cardiac output |
|
|
Term
| inflammation of pericardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- have patient sitting, leaning forward
- listen to left upper sternum |
|
Definition
| Friction rub: how best to find (2) |
|
|
Term
| After Myocardial Infarction |
|
Definition
| Friction rub: when best found |
|
|
Term
HDL: high-density lipids (good cholesterol)
LDL: low-density lipids (bad cholesterol) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heart rate and stroke volume determine what? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heart rythm originating in the sinoatrial node with the resting rate of 60/100 beat/minute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Heart's first back-up, firing at 40-60 bpm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hearts 2nd back-up, firing at 20-35 bpm
(med-surg, pg 348) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High CVP and interpretation |
|
|
Term
- 10 cardiac leads
- patient takes monitor home
- monitors 1-2 days
- Diary gives MD info relating patient action to heart response |
|
Definition
| Holter monitor: Description (4) |
|
|
Term
give patient teaching
- focus on diary |
|
Definition
| Holter monitor: nursing interventions |
|
|
Term
- take daily diary
- no shower while wearing leads
- press "event" button during cardiac event (palpitations, chest pain, SOB)
- return box and diary when instructed |
|
Definition
| Holter monitor: patient teaching (4) |
|
|
Term
| Dyspnea only - no other symptoms |
|
Definition
| How might a myocardial infarction present in an older client? |
|
|
Term
- pulse: at least 60
- EKG: normal P-wave |
|
Definition
| How to know if SA node is working (2) |
|
|
Term
| Prevent venous stasis and pressure ulcers. |
|
Definition
| How to reduce Risk for varicose vein formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypertension has the greatest effect on what part of the heart? |
|
|
Term
NONE. BP drop triggers sympathetic response (increase HR). O2 sat increase triggers parasympathetic response (decrease HR). The two would cancel each other out.
|
|
Definition
| If BP drops and O2 sat rises, what change in heart rate should we see? |
|
|
Term
| backflow of blood (regurgitation) into the atria |
|
Definition
| If the AV valves, chordae tendineae, or papillary muscles become damaged, what can occur with ventricular contraction? |
|
|
Term
| The arm that gave the higher reading |
|
Definition
| If the BP readings from each of a client's arms is different, which is used for subsequent assessments? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the terms systole and diastole are used without specific reference to either atria or ventricles, they usually imply the contraction and relaxation of the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impairment of conduction within the heart |
|
|
Term
| narrowing (stenosis) of a valve or to blood regurgitating through a valve that does not close properly |
|
Definition
| In adults, murmurs are most typically due to ____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In some people the PDA comes off the LCX to supply blood to these areas. This arrangement is known as |
|
|
Term
Extremities - especially the legs, because of the need to fight against gravity
|
|
Definition
| In what area of the body do veins have the most valves? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intermitten attack of vasoconstriction of the arterioles, causing pallor of the finger or toe. |
|
|
Term
Place where electrical tracing is at zero (neutral)
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It lies in the thoracic cavity in the mediastinal space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - triponin test - CK - CK-MB - Myoglobulin |
|
Definition
| Lab tests that indicate heart attack (4) |
|
|
Term
| premature ventricular contractions |
|
Definition
| Lack of oxygen to the heart can cause what? |
|
|
Term
1- Intima: inner layer of endothelial cells: prevents clotting
2- Medial layer: smooth muscle: maintains BP
3-Adventitia: outer layer of fibrous connective tissue: prevents rupture |
|
Definition
| Layers of the arteries: names, descriptions and responsibilities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leading cause of death in the US |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Length of a normal QRS interval |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Life threatening situation may result in sudden cadiac death or arrest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mediastinum between lungs - thoracic cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aortic and corotid arteries |
|
Definition
| Locations of barorecptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low CVP and interpretation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lower half of body; begins with union of two common iliac veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Name for the atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Name for the atrioventricular valve through which blood flows from the left atrium into the left ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal cardiac output of resting adult |
|
|
Term
- systolic drop of up to 15pts
- diastolic change (up or down) of 3-10 pts
- 15-20 bpm increase in pulse
|
|
Definition
| Normal expectation from a client moving from lying position to sitting, or from sitting to standing (3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal heartbeat originates in the ____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal rate of fire of the SA node |
|
|
Term
- ejection fraction
- about 60%
|
|
Definition
| Normal ventricular efficiency (2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One estimate of the total length of blood vessels in the body is |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pillows (report how many)
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Outer slinglike structure that supports the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium via |
|
|
Term
- Time it takes the contraction signal to get from SA node to AV node
- 0.12 - 0.2 sec |
|
Definition
P-R interval:
What is it?
How long is it? |
|
|
Term
- transcutaneous
- temporary
- permanent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pain in the patient’s calf or behind the knee when the foot is quickly dorsiflexed with the knee in a slightly flexed position. |
|
|
Term
atrial fibrilation(AV)
Common synptom |
|
Definition
| Palpitations: uncomfortable sensation in the chest from missed heart beat( fatigue and SOB. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of the brain that contains the cardiac centers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pentoxifylline (Trental)(increases microcirculation and tissue perfussion) |
|
|
Term
- myocardial infarction
- electrolyte imbalance
- athleticism (that's a good thing)
|
|
Definition
| Possible causes of bradicardia (3) |
|
|
Term
| Pericardial sac may be inflamed (pericarditis) |
|
Definition
| Possible implication of a "rub" sound during S1. |
|
|
Term
Degree of stretch of ventricles before contraction (systole)
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mitral (or left AV) valve
|
|
Definition
| Prevents backflow from left ventricle to pulmonary veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prevents backflow from pulmonary artery to right ventricle |
|
|
Term
Tricuspid (or right AV) valve
|
|
Definition
| Prevents backflow from right ventricle to right atrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rapid but regular constraction usually of the atrial(250-300 beat / min) |
|
|
Term
| Decreased ability of cells to absorb oxygen |
|
Definition
| Reason heart rate takes longer to return to normal after exercise in elderly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives venous blood from Adrenal glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives venous blood from Dorsal part of trunk and spinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives venous blood from Intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives venous blood from Kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives venous blood from Liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives venous blood from Pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives venous blood from Pelvis and legs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives venous blood from Sex organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives venous blood from Spleen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives venous blood from Stomach |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular depolarization |
|
Definition
| Referring to the ECG the QRS complex represents ________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Referring to the ECG, the P wave represents _______ |
|
|
Term
| Constriction and dilation of the arterioles |
|
Definition
| Regulates blood pressure and flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Relax smooth muscles of blood vessels causing vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Right ventricular hypertrophy develops in response to stenosis of this semilunar valve |
|
|
Term
| Dilation of blood vessels due to weakening muscle tone |
|
Definition
| Risk for varicose vein formation |
|
|
Term
HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- fatigue
- fainting
- LOC changes
- chest pain
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Select all that apply: Decreased blood flow through the coronary arteries is most apt to cause A) valve damage B) pulmonary edema C) angina pectoris D) bradycardia |
|
|
Term
C) is a positive wave between two negative waves
E) is one of the three waves that collectively denote ventricular depolarization
|
|
Definition
Select all that apply: In a normal sinus rhythm, the R wave
A) is a negative wave between two positive waves
B) is on of three consecutive positive waves
C) is a positive wave between two negative waves
D) denotes ventricular diastole
E) is one of the three waves that collectively denote ventricular depolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Select all that apply: Sympathetic stimulation to the heart A) decreases stroke volume B) increases heart rate C) causes bradycardia D) decreases cardiac output |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Serves the upper half of body; it is formed by the union of both brachiocephalic veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sinus tachycardia: what to do first |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Site of blood cell production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Smooth, shiny innermost lining of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Special sensory receptors in blood vessel walls, stimulated by a change in blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Special sensory receptors in blood vessel walls, stimulated by a change in blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialized cells in the carotid and aortic bodies that detect changes in blood oxygen content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialized cells in the carotid and aortic siunses that detect changes in blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specialized conduction tissue within the interventricular septum; divides into the right and left branches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stenosis of a valve or blood regurgitating through a valve that does not close properly causes what abnormal heart sounds? |
|
|
Term
- amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one beat
- 60-80ml |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A) cause a (+) inotropic effect |
|
Definition
Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium
A) cause a (+) inotropic effect
B) decreases cardiac output
C) decreases heart rate
D) decreases stroke volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Systemic veins and venules house approximately _____ of the body's blood volume at rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Systole and diastole describe the function of the _____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Takes up one third of the cardiac cycle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The LCX supplies blood to the sinoatrial (SA) node in approximately ____ of the population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The SA node sends multiple signals, confusing the AV node. Result? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one minute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The aorta receives blood from here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The atrioventricular valve through which blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The autonomic nerve that slows the heart rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The coronary arteries supply blood to the:
a. Lungs
b. Head
c. Heart
d. Intestines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The electrical signal arises in this structure in normal sinus rhythm |
|
|
Term
| CHF (congestive heart failure) |
|
Definition
| The heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood (more blood enters the heart from the veins than leaves through the arteries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The inferior (lower) point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The left atrium receives oxygenated blood through how many pulmonary veins? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The left coronary artery passes along the ______ and divides into two branches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The main branch of the RCA that supplies the right side of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The myocardium is thickest in this chamber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The normal adult heart rate is set by the:
a. Atrioventricular node
b. Purkinje fibers
c. Septum
d. Sinoatrial node |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The normal sinus impulse is transmitted over the heart via specialized fibers known as the ______ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The only veins with oxygenated blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pacemaker of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the _______ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pericardium is a part of the ________ |
|
|
Term
D) right ventricle: diastole
|
|
Definition
The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backflow of blood into the ______ during ________.
A) right atrium: systole
B) right ventricle: systole
C) right atrium: diastole
D) right ventricle: diastole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The purpose of this structure is to momentarily delay the spread of the signal from the atrium to the ventricles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The right ventricle pumps blood to the _____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The semilunar valve through which blood leaves the right ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest of the arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The space between the visceral and parietal layers |
|
|
Term
Endocardium,
myocardium,
epicardium
|
|
Definition
| The three layers of the heart wall, from inside to outside |
|
|
Term
| the right and left ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The two types of circulation in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The upper chambers of the heart |
|
|
Term
| mitral valve (bicuspid valve) |
|
Definition
| The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These conducting fibers rapidly spread the electrical signal throughout the ventricles |
|
|
Term
| the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) |
|
Definition
| These two large veins return blood to the right atrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These vessels carry blood from the pulmonary capillaries to the left atrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the hardest working cardiac chamber and therefore has the thickest myocardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This layer of the heart allows it to act as a pump. |
|
|
Term
WHAT: vibration felt in pulse
WHY: bulging or narrowed vessel wall
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
- P-R interval
- 0.12 - 0.2 sec |
|
Definition
| Time it takes the contraction signal to get from SA node to AV node (name and length) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To what are the superior and inferior vena cava connected? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tough bands of tissue that anchor the cusps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trademark symptom of left-sided heart failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trademark symptom of right-sided heart failure |
|
|
Term
- external
- patient feels every shock
- Isuprel may be tried first |
|
Definition
| Transcutaneous pacemaker: description (3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Triglycerides: reference range |
|
|
Term
| to diagnose (or rule out) heart attack |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| C) an insufficient mitral valve |
|
Definition
Under what condition is blood most likely to flow "backward" (e.g., from the left ventricle back into the left atrium)?
A) pulmonary artery hypertension
B) left ventricular hypertrophy
C) an insufficient mitral valve
D) pulmonary edema |
|
|
Term
Superior and inferior vena cava
|
|
Definition
| Unoxygenated blood enters the heart through these vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vagal stimulation to the heart causes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Volume of blood ejected with each heartbeat. |
|
|
Term
- Cardiac output
- 4-6 L/min |
|
Definition
| Volume of blood heart pumps in 1 minute (2) |
|
|
Term
W-where it is
H-how it feels
A-aggravating/alleviating factors
T-timing
S-severity
U-usful data for associated symptoms
P-patient perception of problem
|
|
Definition
| WHAT'S UP? assessment of cardiovascular symptoms |
|
|
Term
| C) conducting an electrical signal throughout the ventricles |
|
Definition
| What are the Purkinje fibers "doing"? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are the four chambers of the heart made of? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What are ventricles "doing" during atrial systole? |
|
|
Term
Ventricular depolarization
|
|
Definition
| What does the QRS interval denote? |
|
|
Term
| B) an increase in the pressure within the ventricle |
|
Definition
| What event causes the pulmonic valve to open? |
|
|
Term
- Fibrosis in the conduction system and heart
- Calcification of the valves
- Increased size of myocardium and atria
- Decreased cardiac output |
|
Definition
| What happens to heart valves and conduction system as an effect of aging (4)? |
|
|
Term
Poikilothermy: it drops to room temp
|
|
Definition
| What happens to the temperature of an area of the body absent of sufficient arterial blood flow? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What happens to the temperature of an area of the body absent of sufficient venous blood flow? |
|
|
Term
| Dizziness, fainting possible, postural hypotension can occur |
|
Definition
| What happens when receptor (baroreceptor) responses in the arteries become less sensitive to stimuli? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What interval denotes ventricular depolarization? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What is at each end of the pulmonary veins?
A) lungs and right ventricle
B) upper body and right atrium
C) lungs and left atrium
D) upper body and left atrium |
|
|
Term
- AV valves are closing.
- Ventricles are contracting.
- Atria are filling. |
|
Definition
| What is occuring during S1? (3) |
|
|
Term
| S2 sound. Closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves and opening of AV valves with ventricles filling. |
|
Definition
| What is occurring during "dub" sound? |
|
|
Term
| Closing of the heart valves |
|
Definition
| What is the cause of the heart sounds "lubb-dupp"? |
|
|
Term
- ventricular repolarization
- heart is "resting"
- ventricles are filling |
|
Definition
| What is the heart doing during the T-wave? (3) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts? |
|
|
Term
| D) it slows the heart rate |
|
Definition
| What is the primary effect of vagal stimulation of the heart? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the term for the sequence of events that occur during one heartbeat? |
|
|
Term
| A) starling's law of the heart |
|
Definition
| What is the term that refers to an increase in stroke volume in response to the stretching of the heart? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What prevents the AV valves from inverting during systole? |
|
|
Term
| As the ventricles contract, the papillary muscles also contract, tightening the chordae tendineae. |
|
Definition
| What prevents the the valve cusps from everting (turning inside-out)? |
|
|
Term
| Vasomotor center in the medulla |
|
Definition
What regulates peripheral resistence?
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What separates the left and right atria? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What separates the left and right ventricles? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the ventricle in one beat? |
|
|
Term
- Decrease intake of fat and reduce sodium.
- Assess client on multiple medications (including antihypertensives and diuretics) for hypotension. |
|
Definition
| What to do for increased BP and LV hypertrophy in aging client |
|
|
Term
Pace activities to provide for rest periods.
Teach client how to take own pulse rate and to recognize client's own “normal” pulse rate.
Teach what to do in case of dizziness. |
|
Definition
| What to do if client experiences ECG changes, Bradycardia and/or irregular heart rate, fatigue, Signs/symptoms of heart failure, or abnormal heart sounds |
|
|
Term
| Teach client to get up and move slowly. Teach client what to do in case of dizziness. Assess all medications the client is taking, including antihypertensive and diuretic medications. Assess electrolyte levels. |
|
Definition
| What to do if client suffers dizziness and/or postural hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What to do if heart rate takes longer to return to normal after exercise |
|
|
Term
| Leg BPs typically 10 pts higher |
|
Definition
| What to remember when taking BP readings from legs |
|
|
Term
Possible ischemia (that means insufficient blood supply, Ngoc)
|
|
Definition
| What would a negative T-wave indicate? |
|
|
Term
Possible hyperkalemia (high potassium)
|
|
Definition
| What would a spiked T-wave indicate? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What you usually have to avoid with most BP meds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What term refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute? |
|
|
Term
| During ventricular contraction |
|
Definition
| When does the blood from the left ventricle exit through the aortic valve into the aorta and out to the systemic circulation |
|
|
Term
| b. The pressure of blood within the arteries. |
|
Definition
When measuring BP, the nurse is assessing:
a. The pressure of blood within the veins.
b. The pressure of blood within the arteries.
c. The pressure of blood within the heart.
d. The pressure of blood within the lungs. |
|
|
Term
| bundle of His (pronounced hiss) (AV bundle) |
|
Definition
| When the ventricles are ready to receive the impulse, the AV node transmits it through the |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where does the cardiac action potential (cardiac impulse) normally originate? |
|
|
Term
| left mid-clavicular line, 5th intercostal space. (at the nipple line) |
|
Definition
| Where to auscultate for apical pulse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which cavity first receives unoxygenated blood from the vena cava?
A) right ventricle
B) left atrium
C) left ventricle
D) right atrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which chamber pumps with the most force? |
|
|
Term
| D) parts of the conductionL SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers, Medulla Oblongata |
|
Definition
Which group is incorrect?
A) atrioventricular veins: tricuspid, bicuspid, mitral
B) layers of the heart: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
C) abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia
D) parts of the conduction system: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
| D) Structures that carry unoxygenated blood: right ventricle, venae cavae, pulmonary veins |
|
Definition
Which group is incorrect?
A) semilunar valves: pulmonic, aortic
B) atrioventricular valves: triscuspid, bicuspid, mitral
C) oxygenated blood: pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta
D) unoxygenated blood: right ventricle, venae cavea, pulmonary veins |
|
|
Term
| D) Abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia, sinus rhythm |
|
Definition
Which group is incorrect?
A) semilunar valves: pulmonic, aortic
B) oxygenated blood: pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta
C) layers of the heart: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
D) abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia, sinus rhythm |
|
|
Term
B) 24/12
note: pulmonary circulation is ONLY between the heart and lungs (not to be confused with SYSTEMIC circulation) |
|
Definition
Which is a normal arterial pressure of pulmonary circulation
A) 118/76
B) 24/12
C) 144/93
D) 80/60 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which layer of the heart has actin, myosin and intercalated discs? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of gthe following "sees" oxygenated blood?
A) vena cava
B) pulmonary veins
C) right atrium
D) pulmonic valve |
|
|
Term
| C) an average stroke volume |
|
Definition
Which of the following contains 70ml?
A) the cardiac output
B) the volume of a ventricle
C) an average stroke volume
D) the amount of blood that flows through the pulmonary capillaries in one minute. |
|
|
Term
| C) Blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and the aorta |
|
Definition
Which of the following is a result of ventricular systole?
A) the AV valves open
B) the semilunar valves close
C) blood is pumped into the pulmonary artery and the aorta
D) blood flows back into the atria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following is an electrical event? Select all that apply
A) "lubb-dupp"
B) systole
C) murmur
D) depolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following is descriptive of the vagus nerve?
A) fight or flight
B) parasympathetic
C) sympathetic
D) adrenergic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following is least related to the mitral valve?
A) left heart
B) bicuspid
C) semilunar
D) chordeae tendineae |
|
|
Term
| B) it is located in the upper part of the right atrium |
|
Definition
Which of the following is true of the atrioventricular node (AV node)?
A) it is the pacemaker of the heart
B) it is located in the upper part of the right atrium
C) its rate is normally faster than the SA node
D) it delays the electrical signal coming from the atria into the ventricles. |
|
|
Term
| D) they are the same valves |
|
Definition
Which of the following is true of the mitral and bicuspid valves?
A) the are semilunar valves
B) they are both located on the right side of the heart
C) they "see" only unoxygenated blood
D) they are the same valves
E) all of the above |
|
|
Term
| D) they are semilunar valves |
|
Definition
Which of the following is true of the pulmonic and aortic valves?
A) they are atrioventricular valves
B) they "see" only oxygenated blood
C) they are attached to the ventricular walls by chordae tendineae
D) they are semilunar valves
E) all of the above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following most accurately describes the vagus nerve?
A) "fight or flight"
B) norepinephrine
C) parasympathetic
D) causes tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| C) ventricular depolarization |
|
Definition
Which of the following must precede ventricular systole?
A) ventricular diastole
B) "Lubb-dupp"
C) ventricular depolarization
D) closing of the AV valves |
|
|
Term
| D) an increased myocardial contraction |
|
Definition
Which of the following refers to a positive inotropic effect?
A) heart block
B) a slow heart rate
C) a rapid hearbeat
D) an increased myocardial contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following structures "sees" unoxygenated blood?
A) aorta
B) left ventricle
C) pulmonary artery
D) pulmonary veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?
A) coronary arteries
B) pulmonary artery
C) pulmonary veins
D) cardiac veins |
|
|
Term
B) left vent. wall actually gets THICKER
C) collagen in cardiac muscle INCREASES
G) number of pacemaker cells DECREASES
J) arterial distensibility (elasticity) DECREASES
|
|
Definition
Which of these does NOT occur in the aging adult? (Select all that apply)
A) Decrease in heart size
B) Thinning of left ventricular wall
C) Decreased collagen in the cardiac muscle
D) Decreased elastin in the cardiac muscle
E) Stiffer and thicker cardiac valves
F) Fibrosis of the SA node
G) Increased number of pacemaker cells
H) Calcification of blood vessels
J) Increased arterial distensibility
K) More tortuous vessels
L) Decreased response to baroreceptors |
|
|
Term
- pulmonary semilunar
- aortic
|
|
Definition
| Which valves are closed during ventricular diastole? |
|
|
Term
- tricuspid
- mitral (left AV)
|
|
Definition
| Which valves are closed during ventricular systole? |
|
|
Term
| C) closing of heart valves |
|
Definition
With which of the following is the "lubb-dupp" associated?
A) myocardial contraction
B) ventricular depolarization
C) closing of heart valves
D) diffusion of O2 from the lungs to the blood in the pulmonary capillaries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Women's hearts are on the average ___________ than men's hearts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ descends along the anterior intraventricular groove to provide blood to most of the ventricular septum and the anterior portion of the left ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ supply blood to the anterior papillary muscles, the apex of the left ventricle, and the right and left bundle branches. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a localized area of dead tissue caused by a lack of blood supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a membrane lining the heart's interior wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sac that surrounds and protects the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| amount of blood the ventricles pump out in one minute |
|
|
Term
| The number of pacemaker cells in the SA node decreases |
|
Definition
| an effect of aging that increases the likelihood of sinus node dysfunction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area outside the SA node that gives rise to an electrical signal |
|
|
Term
Femoral
Popliteal
Tibial
Dorsalis pedis |
|
Definition
arteries that distribute blood to:
Thigh
Knee
Leg, ankle, heel |
|
|
Term
| gallops, rubs, and murmurs |
|
Definition
| basic types of Abnormal heart sounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood flows into the left ventricle when this valve is incompetent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood vessels that supply the myocardium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry blood away from the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry blood toward the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| complete the sequence: blood flows from the right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> _________ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| denotes rest period for the heart: last positive deflection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dilation of an arteries form at weaken point that baloon out with each pulsation of the artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
distributes blood to
Adrenal glands |
|
|
Term
Axillary arteries
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar |
|
Definition
distributes blood to
Axilla
Arm proper
Thumb side of forearm and wrist
Medial side of hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Esophagus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Kidneys |
|
|
Term
| Left common carotid artery |
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Left side of head and neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Left upper extremity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Muscles and other structures of chest wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Musculature of the abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Posterior and superior surfaces of diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| Inferior mesenteric artery |
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Second half of large intestine |
|
|
Term
| Ovarian (female) or testicular (male; formerly spermatic) arteries |
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Sex glands |
|
|
Term
| Superior mesenteric artery |
|
Definition
| distributes blood to Small intestine and first half of large intestine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drainage area: Face and neck |
|
|
Term
| Iliac, internal and external |
|
Definition
drainage area: Pelvis and legs
veins? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drainage area: Union of subclavian and jugular veins |
|
|
Term
| Femoral, popliteal, tibial |
|
Definition
drainage areas: Thigh, knee, and leg
veins? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elastic and smooth (involuntary) muscular tubes |
|
|
Term
| VF ( ventricular fibrillation) |
|
Definition
| electrical impulse move randomly throughout the ventrical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enlarged, superficial veins, a twisted, dilated vein with incompetent valves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends around the left side of the heart, along the groove between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in the lower part of the right atrium near the ventricle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart sound produced by the closure of the semilunar valves when the ventricles relax |
|
|
Term
| vasoconstriction (contraction) of veins |
|
Definition
| helps to compensate for blood loss during hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high-pressure chambers because they pump blood out of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| left anterior descending artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maximum relaxation of the heart |
|
|
Term
| pressure points or pulse points |
|
Definition
| may be used to arrest severe bleeding |
|
|
Term
| great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein |
|
Definition
| most blood enters the venous system via these two main veins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| needs only to pump blood into the low-pressure lungs and therefore is a thinner-walled chamber |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| negative deflection (sometimes not visible) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal blood pressure ranges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal heart sound produced by closure of the AV valves when the ventricles contract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when two vessels that nourish the same area interconnect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one-way flaps of tissue that open and close in response to pressure changes within the chambers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| picks up the message like a receiving station and holds onto it until the atria have contracted and emptied blood into the ventricles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
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| rapid, random inefficient and irregular contraction of atrial or ventricles(350 beat or more per minute |
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| Norepinephrine and epinephrine |
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Definition
| released by the sympathetic nervous system, they improve the ability of the ventricles to overcome resistance and to empty their contents, by increasing the strength of contractions. |
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| systemic vascular resistance |
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Definition
| resistance in the blood vessels of the body |
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Definition
| results in an increased storage capacity of the veins |
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Definition
| returns the blood to the right atrium |
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| myocardial insufficiency ischemia |
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Definition
| reversible cell injury due to decreased blood and oxygen supply |
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Definition
| rhythmic expansion of arteries as the heart pumps blood to the body |
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| the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus |
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Definition
| right atrium receives venous (deoxygenated) blood from |
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Definition
| sequence of dual contractions, the atria followed by the ventricles |
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Definition
| serve as “inbetween” channels |
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| Angina ( sign and symptom) |
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Definition
| severe pain and constrictionof the heart, usually radiating to the left shoulder and down to the left arm. |
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Definition
| states that the greater the stretch, the greater the following force of contraction |
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Definition
| stretching of (mostly left side of) heart to compensate for increased volume of blood left in ventricle. |
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Definition
| supplies blood to the left atrium and the lateral and posterior portions of the left ventricle |
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Definition
| takes up two thirds of the cardiac cycle, allowing time for the chambers to adequately fill with blood |
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Definition
| tendon-like strands connecting the mitral valve to papillary muscles located on the inner surface of the ventricles |
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Definition
| the ECG deflection that indicates ventricular depolarization |
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Definition
| the ability to contract spontaneously and regularly (without neural input) |
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Definition
| the amount of pressure or " stretching force" against the ventricularwall at end diastole.(aka "filling pressure") |
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Definition
| the amount of pressure or resistace the ventriclesof the heart must overcome to empty their contents |
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Definition
| the amount of pressure or resistance the ventricles must overcome to empty their contents |
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Definition
| the amount of pressure or resistance the ventricles must overcome to empty their contents. |
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Definition
| the amount of pressure or “stretching force” against the ventricular wall at end-diastole |
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Definition
| the amount of pressure or “stretching force” against the ventricular wall at end-diastole (maximum relaxation of the heart). |
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| ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta |
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Definition
| the aorta is divided into the ______, _______, ______, and _______. |
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Definition
| the fibers of the the right and left bundle branches penetrate the ventricular muscle and terminate in the |
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| Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) or total peripheral resistance |
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Definition
| the force opposing the movement of blood through the blood vessels |
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Definition
| the middle and thickest layer |
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Definition
| the only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood |
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Definition
| the only arteries with Deoxygenated blood. |
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Definition
| the only veins that carry oxygenated blood |
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| the smallest vessels of all |
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Definition
| the thickest chamber of the heart |
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Definition
| they stimulate the ventricles to contract |
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Definition
| thin outer layer of the cardiac wall (also called the visceral layer of the serous pericardium). |
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Definition
| this valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta during ventricular diastole |
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Definition
| usually result of atherosclerosis( fatty compound on the inner lining of the coronary arteries |
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| what separates the left ventricle from the aorta, the body's largest artery |
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- hold if apical pulse below 60
- hold if digoxin level above 2.0 |
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Definition
| Digoxin: nursing considerations |
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Definition
| Digoxin: therapeutic level |
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Term
- increases cardiac contractility WITHOUT increasing O2 consumption
- increases cardiac output
- diuretic effect |
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Definition
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Term
- symptomatic bradycardia
- tx digoxin toxicity
- tx full arrest |
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Definition
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