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Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
N/A
57
Medical
Undergraduate 2
09/26/2012

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Term
Amyloid
Definition
abnormal protein deposits......found in some types of infiltrative cariomyopathies (give myocardium a speckled look on Echo)
Term
Anaphalaxis
Definition
in response to exposure to a foreign substance, acute allergic response of a previously sensitized person
Term
Arachnodactyly
Definition
long spidery fingers seen in patients with Marfan's syndrome and in some patients with atrial-septal defects
Term
Arthralgia
Definition
joint pain
Term
Aschoff's bodies
Definition
small nodules in the heart, made by cardiac tissue cells in a rheumatic heart. Last after the illness is gone.
Term
Ascites
Definition
peritoneal fluid in the abdominal region
Term
ataxia
Definition
uncoordination of voluntary movements (no paralysis)
Term
balloon valvuloplasty
Definition
palliative procedure for patients who are not candidates for surgery (i.e. have poor LV function), HIGH RESTENOSIS RATE....MAY NOT WORK ON SEVERE CALCIFICATION OF FUSION OF LEAFLETS
Term
beriberi
Definition
acute thiamin deficiency which causes high output heart failure
Term
carcinoid
Definition
tumors from the GI tract cause thickened fibrotic heart valves, usually in the left heart
Term
chaga's disease
Definition
restrictive cardiomyopathy caused by parasites: liver enlargement, fever, heart problems. These are fatal blood-sucking insect bites from Brazil and Argentina
Term
Chorea
Definition
a condition of the nerves which causes involuntary movement of the face or limbs, and lack of concentration months after rheumatic fever
Term
Chronotropic
Definition
change in heart rate
Term
commisurotomy
Definition
surgical cutting of adhesions that make valve leaflets stick together
Term
cushings syndrome
Definition
production of too many glucocorticoids, may be caused by adrenal gland tumor: fatigue, weakness, osteoporosis, edema, diabetes, other symptoms
Term
diaphoresis
Definition
sweating, clamminess
Term
diuretic
Definition
medication which increases urine output
Term
edema
Definition
excessive fluid in tissues
Term
hematuria
Definition
blood in urine: suggests renal infarction or infective endocarditis
Term
hemachromatosis
Definition
excessive iron in the blood (related to amyloidosis which pushes iron from tissues into the blood)
Term
hypoxia
Definition
inadequate Oxygen in body tissues
Term
idiopathic
Definition
no known cause
Term
inotropic
Definition
change in contractility
Term
intubation
Definition
the introduction of a tube into an orifice or vessel
Term
Kerley B lines
Definition
indicate pulmonary congestion in CXR (could be caused by mitral stenosis)
Term
Ketoacidosis
Definition
enhanced production of ketones causes acidosis of the blood. Tested for in the urine. Often seen with: starvation, high-fat diet, pregnancy, inadequately controlled diabetes
Term
Kwashiorkor
Definition
malnutrition in children: severe protein deficiency
Term
Leukocytosis
Definition
increased number of WBCs due to infection
Term
Loffler's disease
Definition
thickened/fibrotic valves happens in restrictive cardiomyopathy
Term
malaise
Definition
general discomfort/uneasiness
Term
mitral facies
Definition
cheeks have blue discoloration because veins are dialated: happens in pulmonary hypertension and mitral stenosis
Term
morbidity
Definition
#sick people/population/time
Term
mortality
Definition
#deaths/population/time
Term
myalgia
Definition
muscular tenderness/pain
Term
myxomatous degeneration
Definition
weak flabby valve due to loss of elasticity (mitral valve usually)
Term
myxedema
Definition
decreased metabolic rate caused by hypofunction of the thyroid
Term
oligemia
Definition
not enough blood volume in body
Term
palliation
Definition
relief of severity of symptoms but not curing
Term
pallor
Definition
paleness
Term
paresthesia
Definition
spontaneous feeling of burning, pins and needles, tickling, or tingling
Term
prophylactic
Definition
agents which prevent disease occurance
Term
proteinuria
Definition
protein in urine
Term
pulsus alternans
Definition
alternation in pulse amplitude (small vs large) with a regular rhythm detected through palpation of pulse. generally seen with LHF
Term
pulsus paradoxus
Definition
decreased strength of the pulse during inspration (respiratory fluctuation) is exaggerated...that is, a fall of >10mmHg the original arterial pressure with inspiration.....occurs in large pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade, obstructive lung disease
Term
pulse pressure
Definition
gives a rough indication of SVO. Is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. palpated in the radial artery in the right wrist.
Term
raynaud's phenomenon
Definition
attacks initiated by exposure to cold or emotional disturbance. numbness, tingling, burning, pallor followed by cyanosis and redness of fingers and toes, then returning to normal. secondary to pulmonary hypertension, myxedema, trauma
Term
sarcoid
Definition
granular deposits found in types of infiltrative cardiomyopathies
Term
scleroderma
Definition
chronic skin disease of unknown cause: more likely in women than men. Tough leathery skin and organs. No specific therapy/treatment
Term
SED rate
Definition
nonspecific indicator of inflammatory disease which tests the speed at which RBCs settle
Term
sublingual
Definition
beneath the tongue
Term
thyrotoxicosis
Definition
hyperactive thyroid gland
Term
urticaria
Definition
hives/itchy swelling of the skin: eruption of transient edemous
Term
valvotomy
Definition
incision into a valve
Term
vasoconstriction
Definition
diminished flow in the superficial veins. pale, blue, cold skin. may be cold, clammy perpiration in lower output states
Term
vasodilation
Definition
warm pink moist skin, distended forearm veins, high venous flow.....seen in high output states or AI
Term
vertigo
Definition
hallucination of irregular whirling motions (can think themselves are whirling or the room is whirling)
Term
waterhammer pulse
Definition
Rapid upstroke and small stroke volume output, not much blood making it through the system. Common in patients with severe MR
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