Term
| CONDUCTION VELOCITY FOR EACH RESPECTIVE CELL IS DETERMINED BY |
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Definition
THE SLOPE OF PHASE 0 (UPSTROKE)
WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THRESHOLD IS REACHED |
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Term
| WHAT DETERMINES AUTOMATICITY IS... |
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Definition
THE SLOPE OF PASE 4, THE DIASTOLIC DEPOLARIZATION
WHAT HAPPENS BEFORE THRESHOLD, HOW FAST YOU GET TO THRESHOLD.
LAB DEMO HR/POKING
SA NODE TO GAP JUNCTION |
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Term
| COMPARISON OF CONDUCTION VELOCITIES |
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Definition
SA NODE .1M/SEC
AV NODE .01 M/SEC
CONDUCTION SYS (BUNDLE OF HIS ETC) 3-4 M/S *******
VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELLS 1M/S |
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Term
| how diastolic depolarization affects pacemaker |
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Definition
automaticity or speed/rate to reach threshold
slower depol. diminishes firing frequency |
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Term
| two other ways (besides slower (less steep slope) diastolic depolar)to diminish firing frequency of pacemaker cell |
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Definition
1) increase threshold potential
2) increase magnitude of maximum diastolic potential. |
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Term
Normal sinus rhythm
tachycardia EKG
Sinus bradycardia EKG |
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Definition
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Term
| SA, First degree AV block |
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Definition
| PR interval .28 seconds normal is less than .2 seconds Sometimes lacks QRS |
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Term
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Definition
| 2:1 P wave depolarization and repolarization sometimes lacks ventricular complex waves entirely and only has P waves |
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Term
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Definition
after ventricular complex waves T wave is inverted almost
followed by P wave
some ventricular complex waves missing entirely. |
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Term
| Important Diff between AP's/Twitch in Cardiac vs. skeletal muscle |
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Definition
Skeletal muscle can summate and recruit to increase force
CARDIAC MUSCLE CANNOT SUMMATE OR RECRUIT TO INCREASE FORCE
CARDIAC MUSCLE HAS A PROLONGED REFRACTORY PERIOD TO ENFORCE RELAXATION.
PROLONGED REFRACTORY PERIOD PREVENTS TETANUS AND ALLOWS TIME FOR VENTRICLES TO FILL WITH BLOOD PRIOR TO PUMPING. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
CONTRACTION
1/3 OF TIME SPENT IN HEART.
ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION WHICH DEVELOPS PRESSURE LIKE CLOSE SYRINGE |
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Term
| 4 PHASES (REF TO L VENTRICLE BY DEFAULT) |
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Definition
1 VENTRICULAR FILLING (DIASTOLE)
2 ISOVOLUMETRIC CONTRACTION (SYSTOLE)
3 EJECTION - SYSTOLE
4 ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION- DIASTOLE |
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Term
| DIASTOLIC VENTRICULAR FILLING |
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Definition
1 ATRIA RELAXED THEREFORE PASSIVE FILLING
2 ATRIA CONTRACT---ATRIAL KICK ADDS 10-20% MORE BLOOD AND IS ACTIVE. |
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Term
| END DIASTOLIC VOLUME (EDV) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| GRAPH OF EDV RELATED TO LUB-DUP |
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Definition
65 ESV RISES DURING FILLING ATRIAL KICK GETS TO 135 ML
ISOVOL CONTRACTION BEGINS --LUB--
EJECT SV 70 ML AND SLOPE DOWN TO VENTRICULAR RELAXATION --DUP-- |
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Term
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Definition
LUB- R WAVE, ISOVOLUMETRIC VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION (SYSTOLE)
AV VALVE CLOSING
DUP- T WAVE, VENTRICULAR RELAXATION |
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Term
| PRESSURE IN CHAMBERS DURING LUB OF SYSTOLE |
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Definition
ALL VALVES CLOSED
P IN VENTRICLES < PRESSURE IN AORTA AND PA
P IN VENTRICLES > THAN IN ATRIUM ---> PAPPILARY MUSCLES AND CHORDAE TENDINAE KEEP AV VALVES FROM INVERTING! |
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Term
| EJECTION SYSTOLE PRESSURE STUFF |
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Definition
AORTIC AND PULMONARY VALVES OPEN
AV CLOSED
P IN VENTRICLES > P IN AORTA AND PA
SV AT REST 70 WHAT IS EJECTED FROM EACH VENTRICLE
SV IS SAME FROM L AND R VENTRICLES |
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Term
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Definition
ESV
ESV=EDV-SV
=135-70
=65
65 MLS |
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Term
ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION DIASTOLE
SOUND AND PRESSURE STUFF |
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Definition
DUP - SEMILUNAR VALVES CLOSING
SECOND HEART SOUND AT START OF PHASE
CONSTANT VOLUME AT ESV
P IN VENTRICLES < P IN AORTA AND pa
P IN VENTRICLES > PRESSURE IN ATRIA |
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Term
LAMINAR FLOW
TURBULANT FLOW
STENOSIS
INSUFFICIENCY |
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Definition
-SMOOTH AND QUIET/HEALTHY MAX VELOCITY PARALLEL WITH TUBE QUIETTTTTT NO BACK FLOW IN CLOSED
- FLUID MOVE IRREGULARLY IN AIAL RADIAL AND CIRCUMFERENTIAL DIRECTIONS. VORTICES DEVELOP
-POOR OPENING OF VALVE = STENOISIS MURMOR=
WHISTLE SOUND DUE TO NARROWED VALVE
-INSUFFICEIENT VALVE CLOSURE IS LEAKY AND BACKFLOW LEADS TO A MURMUR THAT IS A GURGLE |
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Term
| INAPPROPRIATE VOLUME LEADS TO ... |
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Definition
| ABNORMALLY HIGH PRESSURE PRE-VALVE SIDE |
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Term
Arterial BP waveform AND CORRESPONDING FORMULAS
1-8 |
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Definition
-1 ventricular ejection = rise in BP
-2 ventricular filling (diastole) decreases aortic BP
-3 ejection and diastolic compliance (AORTA IS ALREADY PRESSURIZED SO WALLS OF AORTA HAVE TO EXPAND= COMPLIANCE)
-4 elastic recoil pushes blood out to body from aorta, closes semilunar valves during ventricle relaxation decreases pressure
-5 dichrotic notch is brief repressurization due to aortic valve closing
-6 systolic pressure is peak
-7 diastolic pressure is valley
-8 pulse pressure is PP= SP-DP
-9 MAP= P DIAS+ (PP/3) |
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Term
| BLOOD PRESSURE CUFF SOUNDS |
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Definition
FIRST SOUND IS WHEN PRESSURE IN CUFF NO LONGER EXCEDES SP. SO BLOOD CAN NOW RUSH THROUGH ARTERY AND FIRST SOUND IS HEARD
WHEN CUFF PRESSURE IS BELOW THE DIASTOLIC PRESSURE, NO SOUNDS ARE AUDIBLE BECAUSE IT IS CONTINUOUS FLOW
LACK OF SOUND
INBETWEEN SP AND DP KOROTKOFF SOUNDS HEARD FROM SPURTS OF BLOOD IN ARTERY WITH EACH HEART BEAT |
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