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Cardiovascular drugs- Combo
Exam 3- Vallerand/Falahee
146
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
10/29/2009

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Cards

Term
furosemide (Lasix)*
Definition
T: diuretic.
P: loop diuretic
Act: inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the loop of Henle and distal renal tubule. Increases renal excretion of water, NA, CL, Mg, K, Ca. ADRs: hypo-everything, dehydration, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis
Term
bumetanide (Bumex)*
Definition
T; diuretic P: loop diuretic
Term
torsemide (Demadex)
Definition
T: diuretic, P: loop diuretic
Term
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, HydroDiuril)*
Definition
T: antihypertensive, diuretic. P: thiazide diuretics Act: INCREASES EXcretion of Na and H2) by inhibiting NA reabsorption. Promotes excretion of Cl, K, Mg, and bicarbonate. ADRs: electrolyte disturbances, increases fasting blood glucose, high BUN, hyperuricemia, high chol, LDL, triglycs
Term
metolazone (Diulo, Zaroxolyn)*
Definition
T: antihypertensives, diuretics. P: thiazide-like diuretics
Term
chlothalidone (Hygroton)
Definition
T: antihypertesive, diuretic. P: thiazide diuretics
Term
indapamide (Lozol)
Definition
T: antihypertesive, diuretic. P: thiazide diuretics
Term
chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Definition
T: antihypertesive, diuretic. P: thiazide diuretics
Term
mannitol (Osmitrol)*
Definition
T: diuretic. P: osmotic diuretic. Act: increases the osmotic pressure of the glomerular filtrate, thereby inhibiting reabsorption of water and electrolytes. EXcretes: water, Na, K, CL, Ca, P, Mg, Urea, Uric acid ADR: hypokalemia, hyponatremia
Term
captopril (Capoten)*
Definition
T: antihypertensive P: ACE inhibitor Act: block the conversion of angiotensin 1 to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin 2. ACE inhibitors also prevent the degradation of bradykinin and other vasodilatory prostaglandins.ACE inhibitors also increase plasma renin levels and reduce aldosterone levels. Net result is systemic vasodilation. ADR: cough, hypotension, taste disturbances, proteinuria, neutropenia, rash
Term
enalapril (Vasotec, Vasotec IV)
Definition
T: antihypertensive P: ACE inhibitor
Term
lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)*
Definition
T: antihypertensive P: ACE inhibitor
Term
ramipril (Altace)
Definition
T: antihypertensive P: ACE inhibitor
Term
quinapril (Accupril)
Definition
T: antihypertensive P: ACE inhibitor
Term
moexipril (Univasc)
Definition
T: antihypertensive P: ACE inhibitor
Term
trandolapril (Mavik)
Definition
T: antihypertensive P: ACE inhibitor
Term
benazepril (Lotensin)
Definition
T: antihypertensive P: ACE inhibitor
Term
fosinopril (Monopril)
Definition
T: antihypertensive P: ACE inhibitor
Term
perindopril (Aceon)
Definition
T: antihypertensive P: ACE inhibitor
Term
losartan (Cozaar)*
Definition
T: antihypertensive P: angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists Act: blocks vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-producing effects of angiotensin 2 at receptor sites, including vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal glands. ADRs:dizziness, hypotension
Term
Valsartan (Diovan)
Definition
T; antihypertensives P: angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists
Term
candesartan (Atacand)
Definition
T; antihypertensives P: angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists
Term
irbesartan (Avapro)
Definition
T; antihypertensives P: angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists
Term
telmisartan (Micardis)
Definition
T; antihypertensives P: angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists
Term
spironolactone (Aldactone)*
Definition
T: diuretics P: potassium-sparing diuretics Act: inhibition of sodium reabsorption in the kiney while saving potassium and hydrogen ions..NON- Selective blocker, ADRs: clumsiness, headache, hyperkalemia
Term
eplerenone (Inspra)
Definition
T: antihypertensives, P: aldosterone antagonists..Selective for aldosterone receptors. Blockage in kidney and cardiovascular areas leads to positive effects including improved CV sstructure and function. ADR: hyperkalemia
Term
acebutolol (Sectral)
Definition
T: antiarrhythmis, antihypertensives. P: beta1 blockers ACT; decreased heart rate, decreased AV conduction, decreased BP. ADRs: bradycardia, fatigue, weakness, CHF, Pulmonary edema
Term
Atenolol (Tenormin)*
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives, P: beta1 blockers.
Term
Betaxolol (Kerlone)
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives, P: beta1 blockers.
Term
Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives, P: beta1 blockers.
Term
Esmolol (Brevibloc)
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives, P: beta1 blockers.
Term
Metoprolol (Lopressor)*
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives, P: beta1 blockers.
Term
carteolol (Cartrol)
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives. P: beta blockers (Nonselective). ADR: bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema, fatigue
Term
carvedilol (Coreg)
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives. P: beta blockers (Nonselective). ADR: bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema, fatigue
Term
labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate)
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives. P: beta blockers (Nonselective). ADR: bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema, fatigue
Term
nadolol (Corgard)
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives. P: beta blockers (Nonselective). ADR: bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema, fatigue
Term
penbutolol (Levatol)
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives. P: beta blockers (Nonselective). ADR: bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema, fatigue
Term
pindolol (Visken)
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives. P: beta blockers (Nonselective). ADR: bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema, fatigue
Term
propanolol (Inderal)*
Definition
T: antianginals, antiarrhythmics, antihypertensivs, vascular headache suppressants. P: beta blockers. (NONselective). ADR: fatigues, weakness, arrhythmias, bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema
Term
sotalol (Betapace)*
Definition
T: antiarrhythmics, P: beta blockers (NONselective). ADRs: fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia, bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema
Term
timolol (Blocadren)
Definition
T: antianginals, antihypertensives. P: beta blockers (Nonselective). ADR: bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema, fatigue
Term
nifedipine (Procardia)*
Definition
T: antianginal, antihypertensive. P: Calcium channel blockers...for vvascular smooth muscle ONLY.Act: inhibits Ca transport into myocardial cells..systemic vasodilation
Term
nicardipine (Cardene)
Definition
T: antianginal, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, ca channel b locker...heart AND vascular smooth muscle, reflex tachycardia is a problem. ADR: arrythmia, CHF, peripheral edema
Term
verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)*
Definition
T: antianginal, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, ca channel b locker...heart AND vascular smooth muscle, reflex tachycardia is a problem. ADR: arrythmia, CHF, peripheral edema
Term
diltiazem (Cardizem)*
Definition
T: antianginal, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, ca channel b locker...heart AND vascular smooth muscle, reflex tachycardia is a problem. ADR: arrythmia, CHF, peripheral edema
Term
isradipine (Dynacirc)
Definition
T: antianginal, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, ca channel b locker...heart AND vascular smooth muscle, reflex tachycardia is a problem. ADR: arrythmia, CHF, peripheral edema
Term
felodipine (Plendil)
Definition
T: antianginal, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, ca channel b locker...heart AND vascular smooth muscle, reflex tachycardia is a problem. ADR: arrythmia, CHF, peripheral edema
Term
nisoldipine (Sular)
Definition
T: antianginal, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, ca channel b locker...heart AND vascular smooth muscle, reflex tachycardia is a problem. ADR: arrythmia, CHF, peripheral edema
Term
amlodipine (Norvasc)
Definition

T: antianginal, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive P: Calcium channel blocker...heart AND vascular smooth muscle, reflex tachycardia is a problem. ADR: arrythmia, CHF, peripheral edema

Term
clonidine (Catapres)*
Definition
T: antihypertensive. P: adrenergics (centrally acting). ACT: decreases sympathetic outflow inhibiting cardioacceleration and vasoconstriction centers. ADRs: drowsiness, dry mouth, Raynaud's, orthostatic hypotension, impotence, withdrawl phenomenon.
Term
guanabenz (Wytensin)
Definition
T: antihypertensive. P: adrenergics (centrally acting). ACT: decreases sympathetic outflow inhibiting cardioacceleration and vasoconstriction centers. ADRs: drowsiness, dry mouth, Raynaud's, orthostatic hypotension, impotence, withdrawl phenomenon.
Term
guanfacine (Tenex)
Definition
T: antihypertensive. P: adrenergics (centrally acting). ACT: decreases sympathetic outflow inhibiting cardioacceleration and vasoconstriction centers. ADRs: drowsiness, dry mouth, Raynaud's, orthostatic hypotension, impotence, withdrawl phenomenon.
Term
Methlydopa (aldomet)
Definition
T: antihypertensive. P: adrenergics (centrally acting). ACT: decreases sympathetic outflow inhibiting cardioacceleration and vasoconstriction centers. ADRs: drowsiness, dry mouth, Raynaud's, orthostatic hypotension, impotence, withdrawl phenomenon.
Term
prazosin (Minipress)*
Definition
T; antihypertensives. P: peripherally acting antiadrenergics. Act: dilates arteries, veins, decreases contractions in smooth muscle. BPH use, also reduces preload and afterload. ADRs: orthostatic hypotension, tolerance over time, sodium and fluid retention
Term
terazosin (Hytrin)
Definition
T; antihypertensives. P: peripherally acting antiadrenergics. Act: dilates arteries, veins, decreases contractions in smooth muscle. BPH use, also reduces preload and afterload. ADRs: orthostatic hypotension, tolerance over time, sodium and fluid retention
Term
doxazosin (Cardura)
Definition
T; antihypertensives. P: peripherally acting antiadrenergics. Act: dilates arteries, veins, decreases contractions in smooth muscle. BPH use, also reduces preload and afterload. ADRs: orthostatic hypotension, tolerance over time, sodium and fluid retention
Term
Minoxidil (Loniten or Rogaine)*
Definition
T: antihypertensives P: vasodilators Act: directly relaxes vascular smooth muscle ADR: reflexive tachycardia, salt and water retention, drug-induced erythematosus (SLE). Similar to hydralazine but more intense, ADR's also more intense. HYPERTRICHOSIS
Term
diazoxide (HyperstatIV)
Definition
vasodilators, reserved for HTN emergencies
Term
Sodium nitroprusside (Nipride)*
Definition
Mixed arterial and venous vasodilators. Rapid lower BP, returns to pretreatment livels quickly.
Term
digoxin (Lanoxin)
Definition
T: antiarrhythmics, inotropics P: digitalis glycosides. ACT: increases the force of myocardial contraction, shorter duration. ADRs: fatigue, bradycardia, anorexia, arrhythmia, N.V, fatigue
Term
Digitoxin (Crystodigin)
Definition
T: aniarrhythmics, positive inotropes. Long duration
Term
dopamine (Intropin)*
Definition
T: inotropics, vasopressors. P: adrenergics. Dose dependent: low increases urine output; medium increasess urine output and cardiac output; high doses decrease urine output and bp increases- clue too high dose.
Term
dobutamine
Definition
T: inotropics P: adrenergics.
Term
inamrinone (Inocor)*
Definition
T: inotropics P: bipyridines. Act: increase myocardial contractility, decrease preload and afterload by direct dilatin effect..needs close monitoring. ADRs: arryhthmias, hypotension, thrombocytopenia, tachyphylaxis
Term
quinidine (sulfate, gluconate)*
Definition
T: antiarrhythmics. Act: decrease myocardial excitability. ADRs: anorexia, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
Term
procainamide (Pronestyl)*
Definition
T: antiarrhythmics. Act: decreases myocardial excitability, slows conduction velocity ADR: seizures, asystole, heart block, ventricular arrhythmias, diarrhea
Term
disopyramide (Norpace)
Definition
T: antiarrhythmics
Term
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)*
Definition
T: anesthetics (topical/local), antiarrhythmics. Act: suppresses automaticity and spontaneous depolarization of the ventricles during diastole by altering the flux of sodium ions across cell membranes, little or no effect on heart rate. ADRs: seizaures, confusion, drowsiness, cardiac arreest, allergic reactions. REDUCES automaticity
Term
mexilitine (Mexitil)
Definition
T: Group 1b antiarrhythmics, ventricular dysrrhtmias treats
Term
phenytoin (Dilantin)
Definition
T: Group 1b antiarrhythmics, ventricular dysrrhtmias treats
Term
tocainide (Tonocard)
Definition
T: Group 1b antiarrhythmics, ventricular dysrrhtmias treats
Term
flecainide (Tambocor)
Definition
T: group 1c antiarrhythmics
Term
propofanone (Rythmol)*
Definition
T: group 1c antiarrhythmics. Slows conduction in cardiac tissue by altering transport of ions across cell membranes. May make existing asymptomatic arrhythmia worse (VT), exacerbate heart failure.
Term
propanolol (Inderal)*
Definition
T: antianginals, antiarrhythmics (class2), antihypertensives, vascular headache suppresants. P: beta blockers ADR: too much blockage: sinus arrest, CHF; bronchospasm (beta 2 blockade); blocks SA node, hypotension from decreased cardiac outup.
Term
esmolol (Brevvibloc)
Definition
T: antianginals, antiarrhythmics (class2), antihypertensives, vascular headache suppresants. P: beta blockers
Term
acebutolol (Sectral)
Definition
T: antianginals, antiarrhythmics (class2), antihypertensives, vascular headache suppresants. P: beta blockers
Term
amiodarone (Cordarone)*
Definition
T: antiarrhythmics (class3). Act: prolongs action potential and refractory period, inhibits adrenergic stimulation, slows sinus rate, increases PVR. ADRs: IV: bradycardia, hypotension; PO: highly toxic, corneal microdeposits, bluish-gray skin discolor, pulmonary infiltrates and fibrosis...irreversible, most serious
Term
sotalol (Betapace)
Definition
T: group three but in its own group. for life-threatening dysrhythmias: sustained VT, A-fib, A-flutter, coupled PVCs...hypokalemia and arrhythmias associated, bradycardia, heart failure, bronchospasm.
Term
Bretylium
Definition
T: antiarrhythmics (class3). rare use, causes severe hypotension, used for VF, VT if other therapies fail
Term
verapramil (Calan, Isoptin)*
Definition
T: grp 4 antiarrhythmics. Act: inhibit transmembrane flow of Ca ions (SLOWS). For atrial tachycardia. or rapid ventricular response if beta blocker isn't working. ADR: bradycardia, heart failure.
Term
diltiazem (Cardizem)*
Definition
T: grp 4 antiarrhythmics. Act: inhibit transmembrane flow of Ca ions (SLOWS). For atrial tachycardia. or rapid ventricular response if beta blocker isn't working. ADR: bradycardia, heart failure.
Term
adenosine (Adenocard)
Definition
T: in its own class antiarrhythmics. Act: inhibits the effect of catecholamine stimulation. SLOWS conduction through AV node to restore NSR. USED in PHARM STRESS TEST- causes voronary artery vasodilation so can see perfusion defects. CAUSES a SCENE: short half life, injected close to heart, pt has severe reaction of doom
Term
nitroglycerin SL tablets (Nitrostat)*
Definition
T: antianginals P: nitrates. Act: directly relaxes smooth muscle causing vasodilation...decreases preload, decreases SV< so less myocardial oxygen consumption and higher oxygen supply is avail. ADR: headache, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, flushing..tolerance develops: provide drug-free interval.
Term
nitroglycerin I (Tridil, Nitro-Bid IV)
Definition
T: antianginals P: nitrates.
Term
nitroglycerin translingual (Nitrolingual)
Definition
T: antianginals P: nitrates.
Term
nitroglycerin sustained release (Nitro-Bid)*
Definition
T: antianginals P: nitrates.
Term
nitroglycerin ointment (Nitro-Bid, Nitrol)
Definition
T: antianginals P: nitrates.
Term
nitroglycerin transdermal patches (Nitro-Dur)*
Definition
T: antianginals P: nitrates.
Term
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
Definition
T: antianginals P: nitrates. Produce vasodilation (venous greater than arterial. Decreases LV end-diastolic pressure and volume (lower preload)...reducing myocardial oxygen consumption
Term
Isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur*, ISMO)
Definition
T: antianginals P: nitrates. Produce vasodilation (venous greater than arterial. Decreases LV end-diastolic pressure and volume (lower preload)...reducing myocardial oxygen consumption
Term
lovastatin (Mevacor)*
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agents P: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Act: inhibits an enzyme responsible for catalyzing early step in cholesterol synthesis. Slows progression of coronary atherosclerosis,
Term
simvastatin (Zocor)*
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agents P: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Act: inhibits an enzyme responsible for catalyzing early step in cholesterol synthesis. Slows progression of coronary atherosclerosis,
Term
pravastatin (Pravachol)
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agents P: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Act: inhibits an enzyme responsible for catalyzing early step in cholesterol synthesis. Slows progression of coronary atherosclerosis,
Term
fluvastatin (Lescol)
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agents P: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Act: inhibits an enzyme responsible for catalyzing early step in cholesterol synthesis. Slows progression of coronary atherosclerosis,
Term
atorvastatin (Lipitor)*
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agents P: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Act: inhibits an enzyme responsible for catalyzing early step in cholesterol synthesis. Slows progression of coronary atherosclerosis,
Term
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agents P: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Act: inhibits an enzyme responsible for catalyzing early step in cholesterol synthesis. Slows progression of coronary atherosclerosis,
Term
Statin ADRs:
Definition
GI, myopathy and rhabdomyolysis- teach patient to report muscle aches, CPK levels, hepatotoxicity, measure liver enzymes. NO for pregnancy (cat x)
Term
Nictonic Acid (Niacin, Vitamin B3)*
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agents, vitamins. P: water-soluble vitamins. Act: inhibits VLDL production in liver (precursor to LDL) Vitamin Niacin is much lower dose. ADRs: flushing, due to prostaglandin mediation..take on a full stomach or take aspirin 30 min before dose. Adr: hepatoxicity, hyperglycemia, gouty arthritis.
Term
colestipol (Colestid)
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agents. P: bile acid sequestrants
Term
cholestyramine (Questran, Prevalite powder)
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agents. P: bile acid sequestrants
Term
colesevelam (welchol)*
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agents. P: bile acid sequestrants. Exchange resins: binds with bile in intestine, body makes more. LDL decrease 20% in first month, VLDLs may increase..caution. Alone, or combo with statin...ADR: constipation, bloating, flatulence, nausea, TASTES BAD- problem with noncompliance.
Term
gemfibrizil (lopid)*
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agents P: fibric acid derivatives. Best for DIABETES (high triglycerides), as it will lower them 40-50%, increases HDL, but does not lower LDL, so that needs to be treated with a statin. ADRs: rashes, general GI complaints, gallstones, intolerance of fried foods. High risk of myositis with statins. Warfarin displaced by gemfibrozil, so higher anticoagulation!
Term
ezetimibe (Zetia)*
Definition
T: lipid-lowering agent P: cholesterol absorption inhibitors. GOOD for decreasing cholesterol as adjunct to diet mod, use with statin to combo
Term
enoxaparin (Lovenox)*
Definition
T: anticoagulants P: antithrombotics. Act: low-molecular weight heparin, subQ injection. potentiate the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa and thrombin. Use at home, no monitoring, safer. First line Tx for DVT prevention, safe for pregnancy
Term
dalteparin (Fragmin)*
Definition
T: anticoagulants PL antithrombotics...Act: low-molecular weight heparin, subQ injections
Term
Tinzaparin (Innohep)
Definition

T: anticoagulants

P: antithrombotics

Act: low-molecular weight heparin, subQ injections

Term
warfarin (Coumadin)*
Definition
T: anticoagulants P: coumarins. ADRs: pregnancy X Act: inhibition of blood clotting by interfering with hepatic synthesis of VitK dependent clotting factors. Used as prophylactic TIAs, recurrent MI, prevent DVT, emboli, A-fib clotting issues. MONITOR: prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ration (INR). NOT useful in emergencies.
Term
aspirin (ASA)
Definition
T: antipyretics, nonopioid analgesics, salicylates. Prophylactic of transient ischemic attacks and MI, decreases platelet aggregation.
Term
Ticlopidine (Ticlid)*
Definition
T: antiplatelet agents P: platelet aggregation inhibitors. Alters platelet membrane function. ADRs: diarrhea, rashes, aplastic anemia, neutropenia, antracerebral bleeding
Term
clopidogrem (Plavix)*
Definition
T: antiplatelet agents P: platelet aggregation inhibitors
Term
abciximab (ReoPro)
Definition
T: antiplatelet agents P: platelet aggregation inhibitors
Term
dipyridamole (persantine)*
Definition
T: antiplatelet agents, diagnostic agents (coronary vasodilators) P: platelet adhesion inhibitors. Act: suppresses platelet aggregation, used to prevent thromboembolism following heart valve replacement surgery.
Term
dipyridamole with aspirin (Aggrenox)
Definition
T: antiplatelet. For prevention of recurrent stroke or TIA.
Term
cilostazol (Pletal)*
Definition
T: antiplatelet agents P: platelet aggregation inhibitors. For platelet inhibition and vasodilator for intermittent claudication (pain and cramping in legs, brought on by exercise, relieved with rest) Not for HF patient, as higher death with these types.
Term
streptokinase (Kabikinase, Streptase)*
Definition
T: thrombolytics P: plasminogen activators. Act: for acute deep vein thrombosis and acute arterial thrombi...converts plasminogen to plasmin, which is then able to degrade fibrin present in clots. Combines with plasminogen to form activator complexes (doesn't directly activate plasminogen).
Term
alteplase (t-PA)*
Definition
T: thrombolytics P plasminogen activators. Act: acute MI, massive pulmonary emboli, acute ischemic stroke, occluded central venous access devices. THIS one is strong, directly activates plasminogen.
Term
reteplase (Retavase)
Definition
T: thrombolytics P: plasminogen activator
Term
urokinase (Abbokinase)
Definition
T: thrombolytics P: plasminogen activator
Term
tenecteplase (TNKase)
Definition
T: thrombolytics P: plasminogen activator
Term
epoetin alfa (Erythropoietin, Epogen)*
Definition
T: antianemics P: hormones.Act: stimulate red blood cell growht..chemo therapy induced anemia, chronic renal failure, this stimulates erythrocyte formation ADR: HTN, so in CRF, HTN meds may need adjustment
Term
filgrastim (Neupogen)
Definition
T: colon-stimulating factors (leukopoietic). IV, subQ: elevates neutrophil counts in cancer patients or others with neutropenia, reduces infection risk. VERY expensive.
Term
oprelvekin (Interlukin-11)*
Definition
T: colonyt-stimulationg factors, P: interleukins, thrombopoetic growth factors. Route: subQ. Use: stimulate platelet production in chemo patients with low counts.
Term
calcium carbonate (Tums, Rolaids)*
Definition
T: mineral and electrolyte replacements/supplements. ADRs: hypercalcemia, affect GI, renal, CNS. VitD increases absorption. SUPPLEMENT for children and elderly
Term
calcium citrate (Citracal)*
Definition
T: mineral and electrolyte replacements/supplements. ADRs: hypercalcemia, affect GI, renal, CNS. VitD increases absorption. SUPPLEMENT for children and elderly
Term
calcitonin salmon (Calcimar)
Definition
T: mineral and electolyte supplements/replacements. UseL established post menopausal osteoporosis (NOT preventative). suppresses bone resorption. Nasal spray or injection.
Term
alendronate (Fosamax)*
Definition
T: bone resorption inhibtors P: biphosphonates Use: helps to decrease resorption of bone, post menopause, Paget's, use of steroids. ADRs: esophogeal erosion, poor absorption with any food. Take with water, remain upright 30 min.
Term
risedronate (Atonel)
Definition
T: bone resorption inhibitors. P: biphosphonates
Term
zoledronate (Zometa) IV form
Definition
T: bone resorption inhibitors. P: biphosphonates THIS one is good for a few months (IV form)
Term
raloxifene (Evista)*
Definition
T: bone resorption inhibitors P: selective estrogen receptor modulators. Act: estrogen/antiestrogen, protect bone but act against breast cancer. ADR: venous thromboembolus. CAUTION: prolonged immobilization, FETAL HARM
Term
teriparatide (Forteo)
Definition
T: hormones P: parathyroid hormones (rDNA origin) Act: decreases bone resorption and increases bone formation. ONLY drug that does this, admin by subQ
Term
albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)*
Definition
Acute, inhaled T: bronchodilators P: adrenergics. Acts: binds to beta2 adrenergic receptors in airway smooth muscle, leading to increase in cAMP activate kinases, decreasing intracellular calcium...relaxation of airway smooth muscle and subsequent bronchodilation.
Term
pirbuterol (Maxair)
Definition
Acute, inhaled. T: bronchodilators, P: adrenergics
Term
terbutaline (Brethaire, Bricanyl)
Definition
Chronic, oral T: bronchodilators P: adrenergics
Term
salmeterol (Serevent)*
Definition
Chronic, inhaled T: bronchodilators. P: adrenergics
Term
beclomethasone (Beclovent, Vanceril)*
Definition
T: antiasthmatics, antiinflammatories (steroidal) P: corticosteroids (inhalation) Act: potent, locally acting anti-inflammatory and immune modifier. Decreases frequency and severity of asthma attacks,
Term
budesonide (Pulmicort)*
Definition
T: antiasthmatics, antiinflammatories (steroidal) P: corticosteroids (inhalation) Act: potent, locally acting anti-inflammatory and immune modifier. Decreases frequency and severity of asthma attacks,
Term
triamcinolone (Azmacort)*
Definition
T: antiasthmatics, antiinflammatories (steroidal) P: corticosteroids (inhalation) Act: potent, locally acting anti-inflammatory and immune modifier. Decreases frequency and severity of asthma attacks,
Term
flunisolide (AeroBid)
Definition
T: antiasthmatics, antiinflammatories (steroidal) P: corticosteroids (inhalation) Act: potent, locally acting anti-inflammatory and immune modifier. Decreases frequency and severity of asthma attacks,
Term
fluticasone (Flovent)
Definition
T: antiasthmatics, antiinflammatories (steroidal) P: corticosteroids (inhalation) Act: potent, locally acting anti-inflammatory and immune modifier. Decreases frequency and severity of asthma attacks,
Term
fluticasone and salmetrol (Advair diskus)*
Definition
glucocoricoid and long acting beta2 agonist.
Term
aminophylline (Truphylline)
Definition
T: bronchodilators P: xanthines Act: long term control of reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or COPD. Increases diaphragmatic contractility. especially used in older patients (Methylxanthine agents). Inhibits phosphodiesterase (the enzyme that destroys cAMP), so it relaxes smooth muscle. ADR: nervousness, insomnia, HA, nausea, tachycardia, seizures, death!
Term
theophyline (Theo-Dur)*
Definition
T: bronchodilators P: xanthines Act: long term control of reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or COPD. Increases diaphragmatic contractility. especially used in older patients (Methylxanthine agents). Inhibits phosphodiesterase (the enzyme that destroys cAMP), so it relaxes smooth muscle. ADR: nervousness, insomnia, HA, nausea, tachycardia, seizures, death!
Term
Zileuton (Zyflo)
Definition
T: bronchodilators P: leukotriene antagonists. Use; long term control of asthma, in conjunction with glucocorticoid. gradually, can decrease inhaled corticosteroids. NOT effective against acute asthma
Term
monteleukast (Singular)*
Definition
T: allergy, cold, and cough remedies, bronchodilators P: leukotriene antagonists. Act: antagonizes the effects of leukotrienes, which mediate airway edema, smooth muscle constriction, altered cellular activity. Prevention and chronic treatment of asthma, seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Term
zafirlukast (Accolate)
Definition
T: antiasthmatics, bronchodilators P: leukotriene antagonists
Term
nedocromil (Tilade)
Definition
T: antiasthmatics, allergy, cold, and cough remedies P: mast cell stabilizers. Act: prevents release of histamine, leukotrienes, decreases frequence and intensity of asthmatic episodes, allergic reactions, and mastocytosis. ADRs: minimal: dry mouth, irritated throat, HA. NOT for acute attack, but decrease attacks. Needs at least 3 weeks of daily dosing.
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