Term
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Antihyperlipidemic |
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Definition
Most effective drug for dec LDL CHO
Dec CHO by inc. LDL receptors on hepatocytes
Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase (enzyme for CHO synthesis)
Promotes plaque stability; inc bone formation
S/E: HA, rash, GI disturbances
Greatest impact when given at night
May have connection with Parkinson's
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Term
Niacin
Nicotinic Acid
Antihyperlipidemic |
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Definition
Dec LDL and TG; raises HDL better than other drugs
S/E: skin flushing & itching, hepatotoxicity, hyperglycemia, GI disturbances, gouty arthritis, may inc risk for CHD
Drug of choice for dec TG's in pts at risk of pancreatitis
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Term
Colesevelam (Welchol)
Bile-acid sequestrant
Antihyperlipidemic |
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Definition
Prevents reabsorption of bile acids in the intestine
Do not cause systemic S/E b/c they aren't absorbed from the GI tract
Does not reduce absorption of statins, warfarin, digoxin
S/E: constipation
Interactions w/ other drugs are minimal
Primarily used w/ statins |
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Term
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Fibric acid derivatives (fibrates)
Antihyperlipidemic |
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Definition
Most effective drug for lowering TG levels
Can inc HDL; little or no effect on LDL
Can inc risk for bleeding for pts on warfarin
For pts who haven't responded to lifestyle mods
S/E: Rashes, GI disturbances, gallstones, myopathy, liver injury |
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Term
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Blocking agent
Antihyperlipidemic |
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Definition
Dec CHO absorption in s. intestine
Dec total CHO, LDL, & apolipoprotein B
Slight inc risk for liver damage when combined w/ statin
S/E: Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, thrombocytopenia
Does not cause GI disturbances |
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Term
Nitroglycerin
Organic Nitrate
Antianginal |
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Definition
Dilates veins, dec venous return, dec preload, dec O2 demand
Isosorbide (Isordil) = long-acting
Used sublingually (acute therapy, PRN) or IV (surgery to control BP, treatment of MI, unstable angina)
Tolerance can develop rapidly
S/E: HA, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia
Reflex tachycardia can be prevented with a B blocker
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Term
Diltiazem (Cardizem) & Nifedipine (Procardia)
Calcium channel blockers
Antianginals |
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Definition
Relax peripheral arterioles, dec afterload
Dec HR and contractility
Relaxes coronary artery spasm to inc cardiac O2
Nifedipine is preferred w/ a B blocker b/c it won't intensify cardiosuppression
S/E: reflex tachycardia, hypotension, bradycardia, heart failure, AV block |
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Term
Propranolol (Inderal) & Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Beta Blockers
Antianginals |
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Definition
Dec HR and contractility, -- dec cardiac O2 demand
Used for stable/unstable angina, not variant
Administered on a fixed schedule
S/E: bradycardia, hypotension, dec AV conduction, asthmatic effects, depression, sexual dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
Morphine, O2, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin (chew)
Use for ACS
Start w/ 4L of O2, then nitro and aspirin
Hold nitro if SBP < 90
Morphine for pain
Nitro: 0.4 mg repeated every 5 min, up to 3x |
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Term
Streptokinase (Streptase)
Thrombolytic
Anticoagulant |
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Definition
Binds to plasminogen to form active complex
Used for acute MI, DVT, Pulmonary emboli
S/E: Bleeding, antibody production, hypotension, fever
Hemorrhagic stroke = big concern
Causes clot to dissolve |
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