Cardiovascular System

heart, arteries, capillaries, and viens; transports nutrients/wastes to and from tissues

Arrhythmia

Abnormal heart rhythm; can reduce heart's ability to pump blood

Angina

Chest pain due to lack of oxygen to heart

Cardiac Glycosides

increases cardiac muscle contraction; used in tx of CHF and some arrythmias

S.E.: N&V, confusion, arrhythmias, yellow/green halos, lo therapeutic index

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Cardiac glycoside

Antiarrhythmic

Used to restore and maintain normal heart rhythm

S.E.: N&V, confusion, arrhythmias

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Antiarrhythmic

Procainamide (Procan)

Antiarrythmic

Quinidine (Quinidex)

Antiarrhythmic

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Antiarrhythmic

Disopyramide (Norpace)

Antiarrhythmic

Mexiletine (Mexitil)

Antiarrhythmic

Fecanide (Tambocor)

Antiarrhythmic

Propafenone (Rhythmol)

Antiarrhythmic

Antianginals

Tx of angina; decreases amnt of bld to returning to heart, decr hr or decr resistance to pump and decr work for heart

SE: Headaches (dilation of bv), dizziness, LBP

Nitrogylcerin (Nitrostat)

Antianginal

*Note: keep lid sealed and store in dry place

Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil)

Antianginal

Isosorbide Mononitrate

(Imdur, ISMO, Monoket)

Antianginal

Calcium Channel Blockers

Antianginals

Vasodilators

tx peripheral vascular disease caused by atereriosclerosis and advanced diabetes; dilates peripheral bld vessels & incr. bld flow to limbs

S.E.: tachycardia

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

Vasodilator

(decr. bp)

Nitroprusside (Nitropress)

Vasodilator

(Used in hospitals to decr. bp)

Papverine (Pavabid)

Vasodilator

Isoxsuprine (Vasodilan)

Vasodilator

Calcium Channel Blockers

Tx. of HTN and angina; dilates coronary arteries, reduces heart oxygen demand, decr hr

S.E.: Constipation

Nifedipine (Procardia)

CCB

Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin)

CCB

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

CCB

Nicardipine (Cardene)

CCB

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

CCB

Felodipine (Plendil)

CCB

Angiotensin-Convertin Enzyme Inhibitor

Tx HTN & CHF; prevents conversion of angiotensin I and angiotensin II

S.E.: Cough (if persistant, try another ACE Inhibitor)

angiotensin II

Causes vasoconstriction and fluid retention

Captopril (Capoten)

ACE Inhibitor

Enalapril (Vasotec)

ACE Inhibitor

Lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil)

ACE Inhibitor

Benazepril (Lotensin)

ACE Inhibitor

Fosinopril (Monopril)

ACE Inhibitor

 Quinapril (Accupril)

ACE Inhibitor

Ramipril (Altace)

ACE Inhibitor

Angiotensin II Inhibitors

Tx of HTN and CHF; inhibits angiotensin II, reduces vasoconstriction and BP

Losartan (Cozaar)

Angiotensin II Inhibitor

Valsartan (Diovan)

Angiotensin II Inhibitor

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers

Tx of HTN and angina; inhibits action at beta receptors on heart; some selective(act only on heart), others non-selective (can act elsewhere in body)

S.E.: hypotension, bronchoconstriction, dizziness

**NOT USED W/ ASTHMA PTS**

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Propranolol (Inderal)

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Nadol (Corgard)

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Pindolol (Visken)

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Sotalol (Betapace)

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Acebutolol (Sectral)

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate)

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Timolol (Blocadren, Timoptic)

Beta-Adrenergic Blocker

Alpha-adrenergic Blockers

Used to treat htn and severe chf; mechanism of action is to inhibit the action at the alpha-receptors in the bld vessels

S.E.: orthostatic htn, dizziness

Prazosin (Minipress)

Alpha-adrenergic blocker

Terazosin (Hytrin)

Alpha-adrenergic blocker

Doxazosin (Cardura)

Alpha-adrenergic blocker

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

Alpha-adrenergic blocker

Antilipidemic Agents

Used in tx of heart disease and high cholesterol; reduces serum lipids and minimizes rate of new fat deposits

S.E.:  Diarrhea, constipation, and flushing

Lovastatin (Mevacor)

Antilipidemic agent; decreases LDL & triglycerides

Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

Antilipidemic agent; decreases LDL and triglycerides, increases HDL Niconinic acid/Niacin

Vitamin B3

Antilipidemic agent, decreases LDL and triglycerides, increases HDL

Chlorestyramine (Questran)

Antilipidemic agent; decrease LDL

Pravastatin (Pravachol)

Antilipidemic agent

Simvastatin (Zocor)

Antilipidemic agent

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Antilipidemic Agent

Fluvastatin (Lescol)

Antilipidemic agent

Colestipiol (Colestid)

Antilipidemic Agent