Term
Cardiovascular Prefix-
Brady:
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Definition
Slow
Ex: Bradycardia - a slow heart rate ( below 60 beats per minute) |
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Term
Cardiovascular Prefix-
Endo: |
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Definition
- Inside, within
Ex: Endocarditis - inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. |
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Term
Cardiovascular Prefix
Epi - |
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Definition
- Upon, over, on top
Ex: Epicardium - the outer layer of the heart |
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Term
Cardiovascular Prefix
Hyper- |
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Definition
: Under or Below
Ex: Hyperlipidemia - elevated levels of lipids in the blood. |
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Term
Cardiovascular Prefix
Hypo- |
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Definition
: under or below
Ex: Orthostatic hypotension - low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up. |
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Term
Cardiovascular Prefix
Peri- |
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Definition
: Around
Ex: Pericardium - the membranous sac that contains the heart. |
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Term
Cardiovascular Prefix-
Tachy- |
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Definition
: Fast
Ex: Tachycardia - a fast heart rate ( over 100 beats per minute). |
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Term
Nervous System Prefix-
A- |
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Definition
:Without
Ex: Aphasia - a condition characterized by the complete loss of ability to speak or understand language. |
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Term
Nervous System Prefix
An- |
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Definition
: Without, not
Ex: Anencephaly - a condition where a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp is absent. |
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Term
Nervous System Prefix
Dys- |
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Definition
: Difficult, painful, abnormal
Ex: Dysphasia - difficulty speaking |
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Term
Nervous System Prefixes
Hemi- |
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Definition
Meaning: Half
Example: Hemiparesis – weakness on one side of the body. |
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Term
Nervous System Prefixes
Hyper- |
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Definition
:Excessive, above normal
Example: Hyperreflexia – exaggerated reflexes. |
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Term
Nervous System Prefix
In- |
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Definition
:Not, inward
Example: Insomnia – inability to sleep. |
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Term
Nervous System Prefix
Inter- |
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Definition
:Between
Example: Interneuron – a neuron that transmits signals between other neurons. |
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Term
Nervous System Prefix
Intra-
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Definition
:Within, inside
Example: Intracranial – located or occurring within the skull. |
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Term
Nervous System Prefix
Pan- |
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Definition
:All, entire
Example: Panhypopituitarism – decreased function of all pituitary hormones, affecting the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Nervous System Prefix
Para- |
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Definition
:Beside, abnormal
Example: Paraplegia – paralysis of the lower half of the body. |
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Term
Nervous System Prefix
Poly- |
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Definition
:Many
Example: Polyneuropathy – damage or disease affecting multiple nerves. |
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Term
Nervous System Prefix
Post- |
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Definition
:After
Example: Postictal – the state following a seizure. |
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Term
Nervous System Prefix
Pre- |
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Definition
:Before
Example: Presynaptic – relating to the area before a synapse. |
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Term
Nervous System Prefix
Sub- |
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Definition
:Under, below
Example: Subdural – located beneath the dura mater, a membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-crasia |
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Definition
Meaning: A mixture or blending (often used in relation to blood)
Example: Dyscrasia – an abnormal condition of the blood. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-emia
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Definition
Meaning: Blood condition
Example: Ischemia – a condition where the blood supply to a part of the body, often the heart, is restricted or reduced. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-ectomy
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Definition
Meaning: Surgical removal
Example: Atherectomy – removal of plaque from an artery. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-graphy |
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Definition
Meaning: Process of recording
Example: Electrocardiography – recording the electrical activity of the heart. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-itis |
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Definition
Meaning: Inflammation
Example: Myocarditis – inflammation of the heart muscle. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-lysis
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Definition
Meaning: Destruction, breakdown
Example: Thrombolysis – the breakdown of a blood clot. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-megaly
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Definition
Meaning: Enlargement
Example: Cardiomegaly – enlargement of the heart. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-osis |
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Definition
Meaning: Abnormal condition
Example: Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the arteries. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-plasty |
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Definition
Meaning: Surgical repair
Example: Valvuloplasty – surgical repair of a heart valve. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-rrhage |
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Definition
Meaning: Bursting forth, excessive flow
Example: Hemorrhage – excessive bleeding (in a short amount of time). |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-stasis
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Definition
Meaning: Stopping, controlling
Example: Hemostasis – stopping of blood flow. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System Suffix
-cytosis |
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Definition
Meaning: Condition of cells
Example: Thrombocytosis – an abnormal increase in the number of platelets. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-algia |
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Definition
Meaning: Pain
Example: Neuralgia – nerve pain. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-cele
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Definition
Meaning: Hernia, swelling
Example: Meningocele – hernial protrusion of the meninges. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-cyte |
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Definition
Meaning: Cell
Example: Gliocyte – a glial cell. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-ectomy |
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Definition
Meaning: Surgical removal
Example: Ganglionectomy – surgical removal of a ganglion. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-genic |
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Definition
Meaning: Producing, originating, or causing
Example: Myogenic – originating in muscle tissue but affecting the nervous system. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-gram |
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Definition
Meaning: Record or image
Example: Myelogram – an imaging record of the spinal cord. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-graph |
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Definition
Meaning: Instrument used to record
Example: Electroencephalograph – an instrument for recording brain activity. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-graphy |
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Definition
Meaning: Process of recording
Example: Myelography – imaging of the spinal cord. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-iatrist |
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Definition
Meaning: Specialist in treatment
Example: Psychiatrist – a specialist in treating mental disorders. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-iatry |
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Definition
Meaning: Field of medicine, treatment
Example: Psychiatry – the medical field focusing on mental health. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-itis |
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Definition
Meaning: Inflammation
Example: Encephalitis – inflammation of the brain. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-lepsy |
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Definition
Meaning: Seizure
Example: Epilepsy – a condition characterized by recurrent seizures. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-logist |
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Definition
Meaning: Specialist in a field of study
Example: Psychologist – a specialist in the study of the mind and behavior. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-malacia |
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Definition
Meaning: Abnormal softening
Example: Encephalomalacia – softening of the brain tissue. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-mania |
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Definition
Meaning: Madness or excessive preoccupation
Example: Pyromania – excessive preoccupation with fire (can involve neurological or psychiatric evaluation).
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-oid |
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Definition
Meaning: Resembling or like
Example: Myeloid – resembling or related to the spinal cord or bone marrow |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-oma |
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Definition
Meaning: Tumor, swelling
Example: Glioma – a tumor of glial cells. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-pathy |
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Definition
Meaning: Disease
Example: Radiculopathy – a disease or disorder affecting a nerve root. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-phobia |
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Definition
Meaning: Fear
Example: Agoraphobia – fear of open or public spaces, related to mental health. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-rraphy |
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Definition
Meaning: Suturing or stitching
Example: Myelorraphy – suturing of the spinal cord. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-tomy |
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Definition
Meaning: Cutting or surgical incision
Example: Neurotomy – surgical incision into a nerve. |
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Term
Nervous System Suffix
-tropic |
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Definition
Meaning: Having an affinity for, influencing
Example: Psychotropic – substances that affect mental activity, behavior, or perception. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
angi/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Vessel (usually blood or lymph)
Example: Angioplasty – a procedure to mechanically widen a narrowed or blocked blood vessels. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
aort/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Aorta
Example: Aortostenosis– narrowing of the aorta. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
arteri/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Artery
Example: Arteriogram– an xray of an artery. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
ather/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Fatty plaque
Example: Atheroma– a fatty deposit or plaque within the wall of an artery. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
capillar/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Capillaries (the smallest blood vessels)
Example: capillaroscope – an instrument used to examine capillaries. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word root
cardi/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Heart
Example: Cardiomyopathy – the general term for diseases that affect the heart muscle. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
chrom/o, chromat/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Color
Example: Hemochromatosis – a condition where excess iron is stored in the body, affecting skin color. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
erythr/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Red
Example: Erythrocyte – a red blood cell. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
hem/o, hemat/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Blood
Example: Hemoglobin– a protein in red blood cells. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
isch/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Restriction, deficiency
Example: Ischemic– a condition or process involving restricted blood flow to a part of the body |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
leuk/o |
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Definition
Meaning: White
Example: Leukocyte – a white blood cell. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
my/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Muscle
Example: Myocardium – the muscular tissue of the heart. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
phleb/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Vein
Example: Phlebotomy – the process of making an incision into a vein, typically to draw blood. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
scler/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Hardening
Example: Sclerotherapy – a treatment method used to harden and close off abnormal or damaged blood vessels such as varicose veins. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
sten/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Narrowing
Example: Stenocardia - a condition of chest pain caused by the narrowing of blood vessels to the heart. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
thromb/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Clot
Example: Thrombosis – formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
valvul/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Valve
Example: Valvulopathy – a disease or disorder affecting the heart valves. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
vas/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Vessel
Example: Vasospasm – A sudden constriction of a blood vessel.
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Term
Cardiovascular System word roots
ven/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Vein
Example: Venous – related to the veins. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
alges/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Sensitivity to pain
Example: Analgesic – a medication that reduces or eliminates pain. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
cephal/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Head
Example: Cephalalgia – a headache. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
cerebr/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Brain, cerebrum
Example: Cerebrospinal – relating to the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
cerebell/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Cerebellum (part of the brain)
Example: Cerebellitis – inflammation of the cerebellum. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
concuss/o |
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Definition
Meaning: To shake violently
Example: Concussion – a violent shaking of the brain, often due to injury. |
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Term
Nervous System word root
crani/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Skull
Example: Craniotomy – a surgical incision into the skull. |
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Term
Nervous System word root
dur/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Dura mater (outermost layer of the meninges)
Example: Subdural – located beneath the dura mater. |
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Term
Nervous System word root
encephal/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Brain
Example: Encephalopathy – a disease of the brain. |
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Term
Nervous System word root
esthesi/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Sensation, feeling
Example: Anesthesia – loss of sensation, typically induced for medical procedures. |
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Term
Nervous System word root
gangli/o, ganglion/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Ganglion (a cluster of nerve cell bodies)
Example: Ganglioneuroma – a tumor of a nerve ganglion. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
hydr/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Water, fluid
Example: Hydrocephalus – an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
lob/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Lobe
Example: Lobectomy – surgical removal of a lobe of the brain. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
ment/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Mind, chin
Example: Dementia – a decline in mental abilities, typically due to disease or injury. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
mening/o, meningi/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)
Example: Meningitis – inflammation of the meninges. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
mon/o |
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Definition
Meaning: One, single
Example: Monoplegia – paralysis of one limb. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
myel/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Spinal cord, bone marrow
Example: Myelitis – inflammation of the spinal cord. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
neur/o, neur/i |
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Definition
Meaning: Nerve
Example: Neurology – the study of the nervous system. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
phas/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Speech
Example: Paraphasia – a condition in which a person substitutes incorrect words, sounds, or non-words in their speech. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
poli/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Gray matter (of the brain or spinal cord)
Example: Poliomyelitis – an infectious disease affecting the gray matter of the spinal cord. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
pont/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Pons (a part of the brainstem)
Example: Pontocerebellar – relating to the pons and cerebellum. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
psych/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Mind
Example: Psychiatry – the study and treatment of mental illness. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Nerve root
Example: Radiculodynia – pain caused by irritation or injury to the nerve roots. |
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Term
Nervous System word roots
vag/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Vagus nerve (a cranial nerve)
Example: Vagotomy – surgical cutting of the vagus nerve. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
A-fib (Atrial Fibrillation) |
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Definition
| Definition: A-fib is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can lead to poor blood flow. The atria (upper chambers of the heart) beat chaotically, which can increase the risk of stroke and heart-related complications. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
AED (Automated External Defibrillator) |
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Definition
| Definition: An AED is a portable device that can detect life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and deliver an electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm, typically used during sudden cardiac arrest. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft)
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Definition
| Definition: CABG is a surgical procedure that improves blood flow to the heart by using a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to bypass a blocked coronary artery, restoring oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart muscle. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) |
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Definition
| Definition: CAD is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to the buildup of plaque, reducing blood flow to the heart. It is the most common cause of heart attacks. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
Card cath, CC (Cardiac Catheterization) |
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Definition
| Definition: Cardiac catheterization is a procedure used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions by inserting a thin tube (catheter) into the heart through blood vessels, often used to examine blockages or perform treatments like angioplasty. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
CVI (Chronic Venous Insufficiency) |
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Definition
| Definition: CVI occurs when veins in the legs don’t allow blood to flow back properly to the heart, causing blood to pool in the veins. This can lead to symptoms such as swelling, varicose veins, and skin changes. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
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Definition
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
EKG, ECG (Electrocardiogram)
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Definition
| Definition: An EKG (or ECG) is a test that measures the electrical activity of the myocardium to detect abnormalities in heart rhythm, structure, or function. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
HTN (Hypertension) |
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Definition
| Definition: Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, occurs when the force of blood against artery walls is too high, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator) |
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Definition
| Definition: An ICD is a device implanted in the chest or abdomen to monitor heart rhythm and deliver shocks if dangerous arrhythmias are detected, preventing sudden cardiac arrest. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
MI (Myocardial Infarction) |
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Definition
| Definition: A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. This is often caused by a blockage in one or more coronary arteries. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
PAD (Peripheral Artery Disease)
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Definition
| Definition: PAD is a condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, commonly the legs. It can cause leg pain and increase the risk of heart disease or stroke. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
PVD (Peripheral Vascular Disease) |
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Definition
| Definition: PVD is a circulation disorder that affects blood vessels outside the heart and brain, often causing reduced blood flow to the arms and legs, leading to pain or cramping. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
Tpa (Tissue Plasminogen Activatior) |
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Definition
| Definition: Tpa is a clot-dissolving medication used in the treatment of stroke or heart attack by breaking down blood clots that obstruct blood flow to vital organs. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
TST (Treadmill Stress Test) |
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Definition
| Definition: A TST is a diagnostic test that involves walking on a treadmill while monitoring heart activity to assess how the heart functions during physical stress. |
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Term
Cardiovascular System abbreviations
V-fib (Ventricular Fibrillation) |
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Definition
| Definition: V-fib is a life-threatening arrhythmia in which the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) quiver instead of pumping blood effectively, often leading to cardiac arrest. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
AD (Alzheimers Disease) |
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Definition
| Definition: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. It primarily affects older adults and is the most common cause of dementia. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
ALS (Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis) |
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Definition
| Definition: ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and eventually respiratory failure. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
ADHD (Attentive- Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder)
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Definition
| Definition: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness that interfere with daily functioning or development. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
CP (Cerebral Palsy) |
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Definition
| Definition: Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement, muscle tone, or posture, caused by damage to the developing brain, typically before or at birth. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)
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Definition
| Definition: Cerebrospinal fluid is the clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and acting as a medium for nutrient and waste exchange. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
EEG (Electoencephalogram) |
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Definition
| Definition: An EEG is a diagnostic test that records electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp, often used to detect seizures, brain disorders, or sleep disturbances. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
ICP (Intracranial Pressure) |
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Definition
| Definition: Intracranial pressure refers to the pressure inside the skull and brain. Elevated ICP can result from head injury, brain swelling, or other neurological conditions and can lead to serious complications if not managed. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
LOC (Level of Consciousness) |
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Definition
Definition: Level of consciousness refers to a person's state of awareness, ranging from full alertness to deep coma. It is often used to assess a patient's neurological function after injury or illness.
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
LP (Lumbar Puncture) |
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Definition
| Definition: A lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the lower back to collect cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic testing, often used to diagnose conditions like meningitis or multiple sclerosis. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) |
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Definition
| Definition: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to damage to the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers, causing symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and difficulty with coordination. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) |
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Definition
| Definition: OCD is a mental health disorder characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that a person feels driven to perform to reduce anxiety. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
PTSD (Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder)
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Definition
| Definition: PTSD is a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. It is characterized by flashbacks, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
Sz (Seizure) |
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Definition
| Definition: A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, feelings, or consciousness. Seizures can vary in severity and are often associated with epilepsy. |
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Term
Nervous System abbreviations
TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) |
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Definition
| Definition: A TIA, or mini-stroke, occurs when there is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve within a few minutes to hours without permanent damage. |
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