Cardiovascular and nervous system flashcards

Cardiovascular prefixes

brady-

Meaning: Inside, within

Example: Endocarditis = inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

Meaning: Upon, over, on top

Example: Epicardium=the outer layer of the heart.

Meaning: Excessive, above normal

Example: Hyperlipidemia=elevated levels of lipids in the blood.

Meaning: under or below

Example: orthostatic hypotension=low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up.

Meaning: Around

Example: Pericardium=the membranous sac that contains the heart

Meaning: Fast

Example: Tachycardia=a fast heart rate

Nervous system prefixes

a-

Meaning: Without

Example: Aphasia=a condition characterized by the complete loss of ability to speak or understand language.

Meaning: Without, not

Example: Anencephaly=a condition where a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp is absent.

Meaning: Difficult, painful, abnormal

Example: Dysphasia=difficulty speaking.

Meaning: Half

Example: Hemiparesis=weakness on one side of the body.

Meaning: Excessive, above normal

Example: Hyperreflexia=exaggerated reflexes.

Meaning: Not, inward

Example:Insomnia=inability to sleep.

Meaning: Between

Example: Interneuron=a neuron that transmits signals between other neurons.

Meaning: Within, inside

Example: Intracranial=located or occurring within the skull.

Meaning: All, entire

Example: Panhypopituitarism=decreased function of all pituitary hormones, affecting the nervous system.

Meaning: Beside, abnormal

Example: Paraplegia=paralysis of the lower half of the body.

Meaning: Many

Example: Polyneuropathy=damage or disease affecting multiple nerves.

Meaning: After

Example: Postictal=the state following a seizure.

Meaning: Before

Example: Presynaptic=relating to the area before a synapse.

Meaning: Under, below

Example: Subdural=located beneath the dura mater, a membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Cardiovascular and nervous system suffixes

Cardiovascular prefixes

-crasia

Meaning: A mixture or blending

Example: Dyscrasia=an abnormal condition of the blood.

Meaning: Blood condition

Example: Ischemia=a condition where the blood supply to a part of the body, often the heart, is restricted or reduced.

Meaning: Surgical removal

Example: Atherectomy=removal of plaque from an artery.

Meaning: Process of recording

Example: Electrocardiography=recording the electrical activity of the heart.

Meaning: Inflammation

Example: Myocarditis=inflammation of the heart muscle.

Meaning: Destruction, breakdown

Example: Thrombolysis=the breakdown of a blood clot.

Meaning: Enlargement

Example: Cardiomegaly=enlargement of the heart.

-osis

Meaning: Abnormal condition

Example: Arteriosclerosis=hardening of the arteries.

Meaning: Deficiency

Example: Leukopenia=a deficiency of white blood cells.

Meaning: Surgical repair

Example: Valvuloplasty=surgical repair of a heart valve.

Meaning: Bursting forth, excessive flow

Example: Hemorrhage=excessive bleeding

Meaning: Stopping, controlling

Example: Hemostasis=stopping of blood flow.

Meaning: Condition of cells

Example: Thrombocytosis=an abnormal increase in the number of platelets

Nervous system suffixes

-algia

Meaning: Pain

Example: Neuralgia=nerve pain.

Meaning: Hernia, swelling

Example: Meningocele=hernial protrusion of the meninges.

Meaning: Cell

Example: Gliocyte=a glial cell.

Meaning: Surgical removal

Example: Ganglionectomy – surgical removal of a ganglion.

Meaning: Producing, originating, or causing

Example: Myogenic=originating in muscle tissue but affecting the nervous system.

Meaning: Record or image

Example: Myelogram=an imaging record of the spinal cord.

Meaning: Instrument used to record

Example: Electroencephalograph=an instrument for recording brain activity.

Meaning: Process of recording

Example: Myelography=imaging of the spinal cord.

Meaning: Specialist in treatment

Example: Psychiatrist=a specialist in treating mental disorders.

Meaning: Field of medicine, treatment

Example: Psychiatry=the medical field focusing on mental health.

Meaning: Inflammation

Example: Encephalitis=inflammation of the brain.

Meaning: Seizure

Example: Epilepsy=a condition characterized by recurrent seizures.

Meaning: Specialist in a field of study

Example: Psychologist=a specialist in the study of the mind and behavior

Meaning: Abnormal softening

Example: Encephalomalacia=softening of the brain tissue.

Meaning: Madness or excessive preoccupation

Example: Pyromania=excessive preoccupation with fire

Meaning: Resembling or like

Example: Myeloid=resembling or related to the spinal cord or bone marrow.

Meaning: Tumor, swelling

Example: Glioma=a tumor of glial cells.

Meaning: Disease

Example: Radiculopathy=a disease or disorder affecting a nerve root.

Meaning: Fear

Example: Agoraphobia=fear of open or public spaces, related to mental health.

Meaning: Suturing or stitching

Example: Myelorraphy=suturing of the spinal cord

Meaning: Cutting or surgical incision

Example: Neurotomy=surgical incision into a nerve.

Meaning: Having an affinity for, influencing

Example: Psychotropic=substances that affect mental activity, behavior, or perception.

Cardiovascular and nervous system word roots

Cardiovascular

angi/o

Meaning: Vessel (usually blood or lymph)

Example: Angioplasty=a procedure to mechanically widen a narrowed or blocked blood vessels.

Meaning: Aorta

Example: Aortostenosis=narrowing of the aorta.

Meaning: Artery

Example: Arteriogram=an xray of an artery.

Meaning: Fatty plaque

Example: Atheroma=a fatty deposit or plaque within the wall of an artery.

Meaning: Capillaries

Example: capillaroscope=an instrument used to examine capillaries

Meaning: Heart

Example: Cardiomyopathy=the general term for diseases that affect the heart muscle.

Meaning: Color

Example: Hemochromatosis=a condition where excess iron is stored in the body, affecting skin color.

Meaning: Red

Example: Erythrocyte=a red blood cell.

Meaning: Blood

Example: Hemoglobin=a protein in red blood cells.

Meaning: Restriction, deficiency

Example: Ischemic=a condition or process involving restricted blood flow to a part of the body.

Meaning: White

Example: Leukocyte=a white blood cell.

Meaning: Muscle

Example: Myocardium=the muscular tissue of the heart.

Meaning: Vein

Example: Phlebotomy=the process of making an incision into a vein, typically to draw blood.

Meaning: Hardening

Example: Sclerotherapy=a treatment method used to harden and close off abnormal or damaged blood vessels such as varicose veins.

Meaning: Narrowing

Example: Stenocardia=a condition of chest pain caused by the narrowing of blood vessels to the heart.

Meaning: Clot

Example: Thrombosis=formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel.

Meaning: Valve

Example: Valvulopathy=a disease or disorder affecting the heart valves.

Meaning: Vessel

Example: Vasospasm=A sudden constriction of a blood vessel.

Meaning: Vein

Example: Venous=related to the veins.

Nervous system word roots

alges/o

Meaning: Sensitivity to pain

Example: Analgesic=a medication that reduces or eliminates pain.

Meaning: Head

Example: Cephalalgia=a headache.

Meaning: Brain, cerebrum

Example: Cerebrospinal=relating to the brain and spinal cord.

Meaning: Cerebellum 

Example: Cerebellitis=inflammation of the cerebellum.

Meaning: To shake violently

Example: Concussion=a violent shaking of the brain, often due to injury.

Meaning: Skull

Example: Craniotomy=a surgical incision into the skull.

Meaning: Dura mater

Example: Subdural=located beneath the dura mater.

Meaning: Brain

Example: Encephalopathy=a disease of the brain.

Meaning: Sensation, feeling

Example: Anesthesia=loss of sensation, typically induced for medical procedures.

Meaning: Ganglion 

Example: Ganglioneuroma=a tumor of a nerve ganglion.

Meaning: Water, fluid

Example: Hydrocephalus=an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain.

Meaning: Lobe

Example: Lobectomy=surgical removal of a lobe of the brain.

Meaning: Mind, chin

Example: Dementia=a decline in mental abilities, typically due to disease or injury.

Meaning: Meninges

Example: Meningitis=inflammation of the meninges.

Meaning: One, single

Example: Monoplegia=paralysis of one limb.

Meaning: Spinal cord, bone marrow

Example: Myelitis=inflammation of the spinal cord.

Meaning: Nerve

Example: Neurology=the study of the nervous system.

Meaning: Speech

Example: Paraphasia=a condition in which a person substitutes incorrect words, sounds, or non-words in their speech.

Meaning: Gray matter (of the brain or spinal cord)

Example: Poliomyelitis=an infectious disease affecting the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Meaning: Pons

Example: Pontocerebellar=relating to the pons and cerebellum

Meaning: Mind

Example: Psychiatry=the study and treatment of mental illness.

Meaning: Nerve root

Example: Radiculodynia=pain caused by irritation or injury to the nerve roots.

Meaning: Vagus nerve 

Example: Vagotomy=surgical cutting of the vagus nerve.

Cardiac systm abbreviations

A-fib (Atrial Fibrillation)

Definition: A TST is a diagnostic test that involves walking on a treadmill while monitoring heart activity to assess how the heart functions during physical stress.

Nervous system abbreviations

AD (Alzheimer's Disease)