Term
| hycrchlorothiazide. class, mech, use, tox. |
|
Definition
| thiazide diuretic. inhibits na/cl reabsortion in distal tubule (active pump) reduceds diluting capacity of nephron, also leads to more Ca reabsortion. presumably lumen of cell is less positive or something. clnical use: hypertension, chf, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes inspidus (prevent hyperanetremia). Tx: Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypoatremia, hyperglycemia, hyper lipidemia, hyper uricemia, hyper calcemia. Hyper GLUC. hypokalemic metabolic alk. hypoantremia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loop diuretics. potassium wasting, metabolic alkalosis, hypotension, ototoxicity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sympathoplegic, dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound htn. centrally acting alpha 2 agonist, lessons central adrenergic outflow. used in hypertension with renal disease doesnt decrease flow to kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also works centrall as alpha 2 anagoist and lessons adrenergic outflow, pretty much identical to clonideine. sedation, positive combs test. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sedation, depression, nasal stuffiness, diarrhea. depletes catecholamines from peripheral synpathetic nerves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduces the releaes of catecholamines. tx: orthostatic and excercise hypotension, sexual dysfunction (retrograde ejac) and diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alpha 1 selective blocker. used in hypertension, urinary retention in BPH. Tx- first dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beta blockers: lower cardiac out put and renin secretion. Also lower av conduction velocity (class II anti arhytmic) and slows the progression of chronic failure in heart. tx: impotence, asthma, cardiovascular effects: bradycardia AV block. can exacerbate CHF in the short term. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| makes cGMP go up just like NO. vasodilates arterioles > veins. clinical use: severe hypertension, CHF, first line thearpy for prego htn, with methyldopa. TX: compensatory tachycardia: counter indicated in CAD), fluid retention (See effects) nausea, headache, angina. lupus like symptoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| K+ channel opener, hyperpolarizes and relaxes vascular smooth muscle. clinical use: severe hypertension. tx: hypertrichosis (too much hair), pericardial effusion, reflex tachy cardia, angina, salt retention. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ca channel blocker. Blocks L type Ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle and reduces muscle contractility. Vascular smooth muscle: nifidipine> diltiazem >nifedipine. heart: verapamil> diltiazem > nifedipine V= ventricle. clinical use: hypertension, angina, arrhtymia (not nifedipine). prinzmetal's angina, raynauds (spasm). TX cardiac depression, peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness, constipation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short acting CGMP increase by direct release of NO, can cause cyanide toxciity: releases CN. yikes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| k+ channel opener: hyperpolarizes vascular smooth muscle. like minoxidil. hyperglycemia is the tx effect. |
|
|
Term
| ACE Inhibitor tx only+ suffix |
|
Definition
| pril. hyperkalemia, (less aldo), cough (Can be dose limiting)angioedema. taste changes, hypotension. preganncy problems (Fetal renal damage) +renin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fetal renal toxcitiy/ hyperkalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intermediate ca channel blocker see other card |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vasodilates by releasing NO in smooth muscle causing an increase in cGMP. dilates veins more than arteries. causes big decrese in Pre-load. think question. very important. use: angina, pulmonary edema. also used as aphrodisiac/ erection enhancer. tx- tachycardia, hypotension, fushing, headache. "monday disease": in industrial exposure, development of tolerance during work week, and loss of tolerance over weekend resulting in tachycardia, dizziness and headache on reexposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| same as nitroglycerin foolio. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| D1 receptor agonist, relaxes renal vscular smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
| treatment of malignant hypertension |
|
Definition
| nitroprusside (short acting via cgmp/ no), fenoldopam (dopa), diazoxide (k+ hyperpolarizer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cholesterol absortion blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrate (lpl up reg) lower ldls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits lipolysis in adipose and vldl export by liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hmg-coa inhibits mevalonate production---> cholesterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 75% bio availability. inhibits Na/K+ atpase and leads to indirect inhibition of Na/Ca exchanger anti port. clinical use: raise contractility in CHF, lessen conduction at av node and slow tachycardia during atrial fibrilation. TX: prolongs PR. shortens QR scooping o st segment. T wave inversion of ECG. raises prasympathetic activity: nausea, vomiting, blurry yellow vision (think van gogh) arrhythmia. Tx are enhanced in renal failure because of less exceretion. hypokalemia as well: K competes with digoxiin for Na/K exchanger site of action, so this raises its ction. quinidine lessons digoxin clearance. antidote: slowly normalize K, liodain, cardiac pacer, anti dig fab frags |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scooping of ST segment. T wave inversion of ECG. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| IA. cinchonism- headache, tinnitis, thrombotcytopenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ia, reversible SLE like syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prolongs ap, blocks conduction in used cells. increases effective refactory period. lengthens QT period |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shortens ap duration, afects ischemic or depolarized purkinje and ventricular tissue. useful in acute ventricular arrhytmias, esp post MI and digitalis induced arrhtymias. tx: local anesthetic, cns stimulation/ depresssion. cardiovascular depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| no effect on length of AP. useful in Vtachs that progress to VF and intractable SVT. usually used only as last resort. TX- arrhymiac esp post mi (contra indicated) significantly prolongs refrctory period in av node (block even) |
|
|
Term
| K state affect on class I drugs |
|
Definition
| hypekalemia ups tox for everything. |
|
|
Term
| B blockers anti arrthymic effects and uses + tx |
|
Definition
| suppresses abnormal pacemakers by lessening the slope of phae 4. also lessens Ca currents. use: v-tach, svt, slowing ventricular rate during afib and flutter. tximpotence, exacerbatino of astha, adn cardiovascualr effects (av block, bad in shor term for CHF). cns effects (sedations) may mask signs of hypglocyemia. |
|
|
Term
| important side effect of esomolol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| class III NOT A FUCKING solo BETA BLOCKER. ok but does cause beta blockade which can lead to toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| class III- k channel blocker. torsades |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| class III. pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, hypothryoidsm and hyper thoridoism. check PFT LFT TFTS. also skin deposis neurologic defects constipation and cardiovascular effects. |
|
|
Term
| verapamil as anti arrythmic |
|
Definition
| ca channel blocker class iv. decreases slope of depolarization. drops conduction velocity in av node. increases effective refractory period. increases pr interva. used to prevent svt. tx: constipation, flushing, edema, cv effcts (chf exasporation, av lock, sinus node depression bradycardia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ca chanel blocker class iv |
|
|
Term
| adenosine as antiarrhtymic |
|
Definition
| makes K flood out of cell, hyperpolarizing cell and dropping Ica. very good at converting AV node arrthymias and dx them. tx flushing, hypotension and chest pain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| effective in torsades de points and digoxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| effective in torsades de points and digoxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| depresses ectopic pacemakers in hhpokalemia e.g. digoxin toxicity. |
|
|
