Term
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Definition
| space extending from thoracic inlet superiorly to the diaphragm inferiorly, the sternum anterior and vertebral column posteriorly |
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Term
| thoracic inlet is at what rib? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
heart, great vessels, esophagus, trachea, phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve, thoracic duct, thymus, lymph nodes....
NOT THE LUNGS |
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Term
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Definition
| when the contents of the mediastinum moved. |
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Term
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Definition
| full collapse of the lung, causes the trachea to go to the side of the lung that was collapsed |
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Term
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Definition
is a air trapped in the space outside of the lung, and depending on the type of collapse- depends what side the mediastium moves to.
tension- to the other side
open- inhale to the side, exhale to the other side... |
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Term
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Definition
| located in the middle of the mediastinum |
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Term
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Definition
| double walled fib. sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the vessels entering and leaving the heart |
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Term
| outer layer of the pericardium |
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Definition
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Term
| inner layer of the pericardium |
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Definition
| visceral layer- attached to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
potential space between parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium.
filled with serous fluid for fiction free enviroment... |
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Term
| what nerve innervates the parietal layer |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the emergency situation with extra fluid in the pericardial sac.... pericardial effusion |
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Term
| a pericardial rub indicates inflammation. how is it detected? |
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Definition
| as a murmur/ auscultation |
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Term
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Definition
base - superior portion of heart formed by both atria (2nd intercostal space)
apex- 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
1/3 on the right of midline, 2/3 on the left |
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Term
| PMI- point of maximum impulse |
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Definition
because the apex is directed downwards and anteriorly, pointing inferolaterally to the left the PMI can be visualized or palpated.
during deep breath the diaphragm descends pulling the heart down and rotating it to the right...
easily seen in skinny people... not in fat people. LOLOLOLOL |
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Term
| which direction is the PMI- point of maximum impulse displaced in hear disease? |
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Definition
| laterally, due to the increase heart mass |
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Term
| epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
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Definition
epi-out
myo- middle
end- innermost |
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Term
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Definition
rhythmic mannor to contract. intercalated discs, do not undergo mitotic activity- thus once dead, the heart is fucked...
have increase T-tubules, and mitochondrial for endurance, also cells are striated |
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Term
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Definition
| appendages of the heart, where alot of clots seem to form, not a real function otherwise. |
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Term
| superior and inferior vena cava dump into which chamber of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does most of the blood flow into the right atrium? also what is the normal filling pressure? |
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Definition
during inspiration, when the pressure drops.
normal filling pressure is 0-8 mmHG, and referred to as central venous pressure |
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Term
| the valve between the right atrium and ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| the valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| which chamber of the heart is most anterior? |
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Definition
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Term
| the right ventricle generates less that ________ the stroke work of the left ventricle due to low resistance in pulmonary circulation |
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Definition
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Term
| left atrium receives blood from? |
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Definition
| the right and left pulmonary veins |
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Term
| is there a valve at the entrance of the right or left atria? |
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Definition
| no- but the sleeves of atrial muscles extend outward. |
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Term
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Definition
| powerhouse, 2-3x thickness of the right ventricle. |
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Term
| what valve leads to the left ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| what valve exits the left ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is a thick muscular area that becomes membranous as it nears the AV valves- provides stability during contraction.... the septum in development breaks the connectivity from the right and the left (spine of the heart) |
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Term
| do the valves of the heart push blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are chordae tendineae and papillary muscles |
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Definition
chordae tendineae are anchored to the valves, which attach to the papillary muscles to stabilize the valves of the heart during contractions
associated with the atrioventricular valves- the tricuspid and mitral |
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Term
| how do the valves of the heart open and shut? |
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Definition
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Term
| poorly functioning valves lead to cardiac pathologies... 2 main pathology types |
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Definition
stenosis- thickening, impede blood flow
regurgitation- back flow
may cause a heart murmur |
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