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| a measure of how efficiently your heart and lungs can transport oxygen-rich blood to your working muscles. |
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| cardiorespiratory fitness |
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| Aerobic capacity is measured in terms of |
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| VO2 max or max O2 uptake. |
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| Name an example of a “cardiac symptom”: |
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| is the amount of blood pumped through the body in one minute |
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| how much blood is pumped out of the ventricle and into the system with each contraction |
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| How can you increase cardiac output? |
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Definition
•increase heart rate
•increase stroke volume |
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| And we know CO=SV x HR, so BP = |
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| total peripheral resistance=pliability of the vessel |
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| When we have a low TPR, BP is |
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| When we have high TPR, BP is |
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| highest pressure inside the arteriole |
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| lowest pressure inside the arteriole |
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| dizziness, cold & clamy (aka diapheuretic) |
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| What info do you get from the chart review? |
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| What info do you get from the subjective interview of the patient? |
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| Name a few pieces of info you’d collect from the indirect history: |
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Definition
•lab values
•radiologic studies, diagnostic tests
•oxygen therapy delivery
•electrocardiogram |
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| Name modifiable risk factors for CAD |
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Definition
Smoking
Hypertension
Hypercholesterolemia
Sedentary lifestyle
Stress/psychosocial concerns
Obesity
Diabetes |
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| Name non-modifiable risk factors for CAD |
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Definition
| Fam hx of heart disease Age (men=40-45) (women=55 [post-menopause]) Gender (more prevalent in men than women) Race (more prevalent in africanamerican pop) |
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Term
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Definition
BP
HR
Auscultation of heart/lungs
Temperature
RR
Pulse Oximetry (SpO2)
RPE
Pain |
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| Name 4 locations for heart auscultation |
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Definition
Aortic
Pulmonary
LLSB
Mitral |
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Term
| Systolic BP increases with increased or decreased exertion? |
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Definition
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| Diastolic BP should maximally increase by only __mmHg when rising from a resting position. |
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| be able to draw time vs volume graph for lung volumes....key is on the back. |
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| tidal volume=the volume of air normally inhaled and exhaled with each breath during quiet breathing |
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| inspiratory reserve volume=the additional volume of air that can be taken into the lungs beyond the normal tidal inhalation |
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Definition
| expiratory reserve volume=the additional volume of air that can be let out beyond the normal tidal exhalation |
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Definition
| residual volume=the volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forceful expiratory effort |
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| inspiratory capacity=the sum of the tidal and inspiratory reserve volumes (IRV+VT=IC) it is the max amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal exhalation |
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Definition
| functional residual capacity=the sum of the ERV and RV. It is the normal amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal tidal exhalation. |
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| Why is the FRC important? |
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Definition
| It represents the point at which the forces tending to collapse the lungs are balanced against the forces tending to expand the chest wall |
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vital capacity
The sum of IRV, VT, and ERV. It is the max amount of air that can be exhaled following a maximum inhalation. |
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| not only introduced you to the bumpin 90’s hit song “No Scrubs”, but TLC also stands for total lung capacity. It is the max volume to which the lungs can be expanded. It is the sum of ALL the pulmonary volumes because the band TLC was a SUM of ALL 3 bad ass bitches that didn’t want no scrubs hollain at them. |
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| Normal ratio of inspiration to expiration |
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Definition
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| How do you get a patient to activate their diaphragm? |
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| What does pursed lip breathing help with? |
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| What is the professorial position? What does it suggest the patient has? |
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| Leaning forward with UE’s in closed chain. Emphysema |
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| What is the Semi-Fowler’s position and what does it suggest the patient may have? |
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Definition
Head of bed elevated, or patient propped up on multiple pillows
CHF
ex/ 3 pillow orthopnea |
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Definition
| SOB/difficulty breathing while lying flat |
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Definition
postures from L to R
1.normal 2. Barrel chest 3. Kyphosis 4. Pectus excavatum 5. Pectus carinatum |
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| What is digital clubbing? |
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Definition
Associated with sever, chronic hypoxemia
Nail beds are bulbous and cyanotic |
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| Name the 6 questions to include in a pulmonary screen: |
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Definition
CSHDCX
Carrie Stella Hates Dirty Cheerleaders X-plicitly
Coughing
Sputum production
Hemoptysis (blood in sputum)
Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
Chest discomfort
when was your last chest X-ray |
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| What should be louder….inspiration or expiration? Why? |
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Definition
| Inspiration because it’s active |
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| What is the term for low muscle mass? |
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Definition
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| What is the term for collapse of a segment or lobe of the lung? |
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| Atelectasis is when the ______ _____ pop in the distal airways (where gas exchange occurs) |
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Definition
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| Common cause of atelectasis: |
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Definition
Taking shallow breaths
i.e. rib fx or post-anesthesia |
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Definition
| Decreased PaO2 (partial pressure of arterial O2) |
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| Name the 5 causes of hypoxemia |
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Definition
DHAMS dudes have awesome mouth skills....so they don't get hypoexmia when they go down
1. decreased inspired oxygen
2. hypoventilation
3. alveolocapillary diffusion problem
4. V/Q mismatch (ventilation/ profusion mismatching)
5. Shunting |
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Term
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Definition
| Saturation of hemoglobin from pulse oximetry |
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| Saturation of hemoglobin from arteriole oximetry |
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| 1 L of O2 gives the patient an extra _-_% of O2. |
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THE END!
YOU WILL ROCK THIS SHIZ OUT SEXY SIX!!! |
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