Term
| What does the end diastolic volume refer to? |
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Definition
| The amount of blood a ventricle contains at the end of diastole. |
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Term
| What does cardiac output refer to? |
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Definition
| amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute (mL/min) |
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Term
| How do you calculate Cardiac Output? |
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Definition
| CO = HR x SV (stroke volume) |
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Term
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Definition
| Volume of blood pumped by the heart per beat. (mL/beat) |
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Term
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Definition
| autonomic innervation and hormones |
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Term
| What effects stroke volume? |
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Definition
| End diastolic volume and end systolic volume |
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Term
| What factor effect cardiac output? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cardiac output can increase by 300-500% when a person does what on a daily basis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much can a trained athletes CO increase by? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between resting and maximal cardiac output? |
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Definition
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Term
| Autonomic innervation of the heart refers to what two specific types of innervation? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Term
| Where, in the brain are the cardiac and respiratory reflex centers found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does parasympathetic stimulation do to the HR? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does sympathetic stimulation do to the HR? |
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Definition
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Term
| The vagus nerve is also known as...? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you think when you hear "vagus nerve?" |
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Definition
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Term
| What does stimulation from the vagus nerve do to the Heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within the medulla oblongata there are two sections (parasympathetic and sympathetic), what two nerves branch off these parts? |
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Definition
| Vagus nerve and cardiac nerve. |
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Term
| Where (specifically) in the medulla oblongata does the great cardiac nerve come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Great cardiac nerve : _________ :: Vagus nerve : __________ |
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Definition
| sympathetic, parasympathetic |
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Term
| Where does the normal HR come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| Parasympathetic stimulation causes what ion channels to open up? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when K+ channels open up? |
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Definition
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Term
| When K+ channels open where do K+ ions go? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the K+ ions do when they leave a cell? |
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Definition
| Take positive charged ions with them |
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Term
| What is K+ countering when its channels are opened? |
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Definition
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Term
| What channels does the great cardiac nerve open? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when Ca+ channels are opened? |
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Definition
| Ca+ enters the cell, bringing positively charged ions with it and aiding Na+ ions |
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Term
| What does K+ do polarization? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does Ca+ do to polarization? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Is Na+ being affected by the opening of K+/Ca+ channels? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the K+ and Ca+ channels doing? |
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Definition
| Adjusting the basal rate. |
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Term
| What do N,NE,T3 and T4 hormones do to the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| What controls the autonomic input? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two sensory inputs are sent to the medulla that are controlled by the _________. |
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Definition
Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors
Hypothalmus |
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Term
| The medulla oblongata responds to chemo and baro receptors (rise/fall in ___ or ____) |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the barostatic reflex located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Increase in BP in barostativ reflec will lead to a _____ in HR |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Filling time and venous return |
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Term
| What does end systolc volume refer to? |
|
Definition
| amount of blood remaining in a ventricle at the end of systole |
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Term
| EDV and ESV are both affected by what three factors? |
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Definition
| preload, contractility and afterload |
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Term
| What is the amount of tension a contracting ventricle must produce to open the semilunar valves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the amount of force produced during a contraction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the degree of stretching experienced by ventricular muscle cells during ventricular diastole? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is venous return directly or inversely proportional to EDV and Preload? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the Frank-Starling Law of the Heart? |
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Definition
| As stroke volume goes up, EDV goes up. |
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Term
| "The ventricles eject as much blood as they receive," is part of what law of the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nicotine, Thyroid Hormone and caffeine are all types of chemicals with what type of effects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does nicotine do to the heart? |
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Definition
| increases HR, stimulates catecholamine secretion |
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Term
| What does the Thyroid do to the heart? |
|
Definition
| stimulates uptake of adrenergic receptors |
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Term
| What do adrenergic receptors do to the heart? |
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Definition
| Make it more responsive to sympathetic stimulation |
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Term
| What does caffeine do to the heart? |
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Definition
| prolong adrenergic effect |
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Term
|
Definition
| Amount of blood returning to atria |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is ESV inversely proportional to stroke volume? |
|
Definition
| you have more blood left over after you have contracted |
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Term
| Is filling time inversely or directly proportional to EDV? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Is contractility inversely or directly proportional to EDV? |
|
Definition
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