Term
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Definition
| the anterior chest that is over the chest and great vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| the right side of the hart that pumps blood to the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| the left side of the heart that pumps blood to the other parts of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| exits the right ventricle, bifucates, and carries blood to the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| two from each lung, return oxygenated blood to the left atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| it is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| located between the left atrium and elft ventricle |
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Term
| how does the ventricles contracting affect the AV valves? |
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Definition
| it snaps them shut preventing the regurgitation of blood into the atria. |
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Term
| the aortic and pulmonic valves are open and closed when? |
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Definition
| they are open during ventricular contration and closed during ventricular relaxation |
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Term
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Definition
| a tough , inextensible, loose fitting fibroserious sac, that surrounds the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| a serous membrane lining, is secretes a small amount of pericardial fluid that allows for friction free movement. |
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Term
| what are the layers of the heart? |
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Definition
| the epicardium, myocardium, and the endocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| the pace maker of the heart. 60-100 BPM. causes atria to contract simulatenously. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| relaxation of the ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction of the ventricles |
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Term
| during venticular diastole the .... valves are .... and the ventricles are...? |
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Definition
| during ventricular diastole the ( Av valves) are (open) and the ventricles are (relaxed) |
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Term
| what causes the first noise? |
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Definition
| closure of the av valves (mitral and tricuspid) produces the first heart sound (S1) which is the begining of systole. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ventricular pressure falls and the semilunar valves close. It makes the 2nd heart sound with ventricular emptying which signals the end of systole |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular depolarization. conduction of the impulse throughout the ventricles which triggers the contraction of the ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricular repolarization, the ventricles return to a resting state |
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Term
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Definition
| LUB! if heard as 2 sounds the first sound is M1 (mitral) and the second is T1 (tricuspid) |
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Term
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Definition
| DUBB! the begining of diastole. If heard with two noises the first is A2 (aortic closure) and the second is P2 (pulmonic closure) |
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Term
| where is s1 heard best at? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is s2 heard best at? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| normal in children and young adults. continous sound. due to extra fluid being profused, can indicate a volume overload. use bell. it is found after S2. heard best at apex with patient in left lateral position. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs after S1. due to ventricular non compliance. known as atrial gallop. use bell. best heard at apex with patient in left lateral position. occurs in late diastole. |
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Term
| aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation are what kind of murmurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| aortic regurgitation and miral stenosis are what kind of mumurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| with aortic insufficiency, what kind of symptoms do you get? |
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Definition
| some of the blood sits in the heart, some fo the blood goes to the lungs and youg et congestive heart failure. pumlonary edema. crackles in the lungs. pink sputnum. accesory muscle use. |
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Term
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Definition
| happens during systole. you will have aortic regurgitation |
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Term
| if the diastolic pressure is too high what does it indicate? |
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Definition
| that the heart is not relaxing enough |
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Term
| At the aorta you can hear...? |
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Definition
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Term
| the right and left carotis arteries extend from the...? |
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Definition
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Term
| the carotid arteries supply the? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the carotid artery pulse good for assessing? |
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Definition
| amplitude and contour of pulse |
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Term
| what do the jugular veins do? |
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Definition
| return blood from the heart to the nek by way of the superior vena cava |
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Term
| what is important about the jugular venous pulse? |
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Definition
| it is important for determining the hemodynamics of the right side of the heart. the pressure in the veins reflects the right atrial pressure and the right ventricular diastolic filling pressure |
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Term
| a split s1 occurs due to? |
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Definition
| it coccurs because the right and left ventricles are contracting at different times. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| developes after exposure to rheumatic fever. causes inflamation of heart muscles which impares contraction and valvular function. |
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Term
| distension or bulging or protrusion at 45, 60 or 90 may indicate? |
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Definition
| right sides heart failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| a blowing or swishing noise caused by turbulent blood flow. it is indicative of occlusive arterial disease |
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Term
| pulse inequity may indicate...? |
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Definition
| arterial constriction or occlusion of a carotid artery |
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Term
| thrills or an artery may indicate? |
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Definition
| a narrowing of the artery. |
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Term
| a heave of a lift may occur as a result of? |
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Definition
| an enlarged ventricle from an overload of work |
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Term
| normal findings of s1 and s2? |
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Definition
| s1 corresponds with each carotid pulsation. it is loudest at the apex of the heart. S2 is loudest at the base of the heart. |
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Term
| T OR F: a split S2 heard during expiration is abnormal? |
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Definition
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Term
| When is a split 2, not abnormal? |
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Definition
| when it is a physiologic splitting. |
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Term
| the pathway of blood moving systemically through the heart is? |
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Definition
| tricuspid valve, pulm valve, pulm artery, pulm vein, mitral valve, aortic valve, aorta |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of right sides heart failure? |
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Definition
| peripheral edema. distended jugular veins. anorexia. GI distress. cyanosis. dependent edema. fatigue. acites. nocturnia |
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Term
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Definition
| edema and build up of fluid in abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| getting up at night a lot due to the body recirculating the extra edema to the kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| crackles in the lungs. cyanosis. cough. orthopnea. exertional dyspnea. paroxysmal nocturnia dyspnea. blood tinged sputnum. exertional dyspnea. |
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Term
| if the left side of the heart fails what else will eventually fail? |
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Definition
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Term
| in left sided heart failure where is the first place that blood will back up into? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the electrical pathway of the heart? |
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Definition
| sa node, av node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers |
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Term
| what are signs that the electrical impulses from the SA node are interrupted? |
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Definition
| bradycardia and arhythemia |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased oxygen which leads to pain. Oxygen demands are not being made |
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Term
| How does injury affect the heart? |
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Definition
| some injuries to the heart can be reversed. Heart muscle can be healed if caught early. |
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Term
| How does scarring of the heart affect the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the symptoms of a heart attack in females? |
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Definition
| jaw, neck, arm, back or shoulder discomfort. dyspnea. indigestion. nausea. look for distress. chest pain can be absent |
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Term
| how are heart sounds transmitted? |
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Definition
| they are transmitted in the direction of the blood flow |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricles are filling, tricuspid and mitral valves are open. pulmonic and aortic valves are closed. ventricals are relaxed |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricals are contracting. pulmonic and aortic valves are open. tricuspid and mitral valves are closed. |
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Term
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Definition
| mitral and tricuspid closure. end of diastole and begining of systole. loud at apex. left MCL 5th ICS |
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Term
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Definition
| aortic and pulmonary valve closure. end of systole and begining of diastole. louder at base of heart. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the stethoscope do you use to listen to s3? |
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Definition
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Term
| a friction rub heard when holding your beath is....? |
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Definition
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Term
| a friction rub noise that is heard and comes back after breathing is called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is diastolic located? |
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Definition
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Term
| how do we grade heart murmurs? |
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Definition
| level 1-6. VI can be heard without a stethoscope and grade I is very soft. Grade V is a thrill. |
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Term
| how do we describe heart noises? |
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Definition
| by them being 'harsh', 'blowing', 'rumbling', or 'musical'. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| incompetent valves will cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| heart changes in the elderly |
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Definition
| the valves become thick and rigid. the left ventricle thickens to to inflammation of collagen fibers. bundle of his loses conduction power on fibers which causes arthmias. |
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Term
| earlobe creases indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cholesterole deposists on the orbit of the eye |
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Term
| if the left side of the heart fails it will result in...? |
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Definition
| a decrease in capillary refill |
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Term
| for the physical exam, look for...? |
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Definition
| orbital edema, ear lobe creases, arcus lipoidus, xanthelasma |
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Term
| what kind of ulsations do carotid arteries have? |
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Definition
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Term
| what kind of pulsations do the jugular veins have? |
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Definition
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Term
| to see undulations a pt should be laying at what angle? |
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Definition
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Term
| JVP over 3 cm's indicates? |
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Definition
| right sides heart failure |
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Term
| use the heel of your hand to feel for? |
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Definition
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Term
| use the metacarpal joints for? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pulsations no more than 2 cm in width |
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Term
| T or F: percussion is NOT done with the heart? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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