Term
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Definition
| 3 fatty acids on a glycerol molecule make what? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a Group of carbon based compounds that are non-water soluble? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are a type of lipid that is solid at room temp? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a type of lipid that is liquid at room temp? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are esters of glycerol and fatty acids, they are stored intracellular and are utilized as an energy source? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Where is glycogen stored? |
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Term
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Definition
| What process is TG converted to FA and glycerol? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are long carbon chain organic acids, the carbons are hydrogenated to varying degrees, i.e. saturated or unsaturated? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of fats are liquid at room temp? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of fats are solid at room temp? |
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Term
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Definition
| Higher degress of ____ fats in diets lead to harmful alteration in blood lipids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevated saturated fats and trans-fats in a diet leads to increase in what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Partial hydrogenation of vegetable oil tends to produce alot of what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased dietary ________ is thought to be responsible for dyslipideima and risk of Type II DM. |
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Term
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Definition
| Which type of FA can the human body not synthesize? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which type of FA may reduce the risk of CHD? |
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Term
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Definition
| What causes incorporation of cholesterol into micelles in the gastrointestinal tract to be inhibited, decreasing the overall amount of cholesterol absorbed? |
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Term
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Definition
| What lowers total cholesterol levels by inhibiting cholesterol absorption? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is synthesized from fatty acid chains in liver and other animal tissues? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the principle component of animal cell plasma membranes? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a component of lipoprotein complexes in blood, and of plaques that form on arterial walls in atherosclerosis? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are an important class of terpene-based lipids? |
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Term
| Bile acids, Androgens & Estrogens, Progestins, Glucocorticoids, Mineralcorticoids |
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Definition
| Steroids derived from cholesterol in animals is divided into what 5 families? |
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Term
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Definition
| What family of steroid derivatives mediates development of sexual characteristics and function? |
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Term
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Definition
| What family of steroid derivatives regulates the menstrual cycle? |
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Term
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Definition
| What family of steroid derivatives regulates carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism and stabilizes capillary membranes? |
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Term
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Definition
| What family of steroid derivatives regulates renal sodium reabsorption? |
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Term
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Definition
| What family of steroid derivateives are detergents secreted by liver that help emulsify lipids in? |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of phospholipid allow __________and ______to be dissolved in plasma as a lipoprotein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cholesterol and TG serve important functions however as insoluble molecules they must be transported in complexes known as what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipoproteins contain specific _________ that interact with specific cell membrane recptors thereby “identifying” the phospholipid to the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The outer core of a lipoprotein is what, making it able to be transported in the circulation? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are the largest of the lipoproteins? |
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Term
HDL-C
LDL-C
TG
Total Cholesterol |
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Definition
| What four things does a lipid panel measure? |
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Term
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Definition
| Most TG found in a lipid panel are what kind? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is an important marker for atherosclerosis, but is NOT found in the plaque in the artery walls? |
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Term
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Definition
| Apolipoprotein A is a marker for what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Apolipoprotein B is a marker for what? |
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Term
| cholesterol, cholesterol esters, FFA & TG |
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Definition
| What four things are found in a "core" of a lipoprotein? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where are chylomicrons produced? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are necessary to transport energy from food into the muscle, liver and fat cells? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are Chylomicrons mostly made up of? |
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Term
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Definition
| The capillary bed of chylomicrons contains high concentrations of what? |
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Term
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Definition
| LPL hydrolyzes TG in the CM into ______ that are either oxidized by the muscle cell to generate energy, stored in adipose tissue, oxidized in the liver, or used in hepatic VLDL synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Once the lipoprotein lipase has completed changing TG to FFA in the CM, what is it called? |
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Term
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Definition
| At what time postprandial, do CM levels drop to zero? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is a lipoprotein similar in structure to chylomicrons which contain high concentrations of TG? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is synthesized in the liver from the FFA formed from the catabolizm of chylomicrons or from the endogenous production of TG from glucose and stored FFA in adipose? |
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Term
| IDL - Intermediate Density Lipoprotein |
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Definition
| The TG component of VLDL also undergoes hydrolysis by LPL to provide FA to adipose and muscle tissue. The remaining lipid portion is called what? |
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Term
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Definition
| After VLDL unloads ______ to the cells it turns into IDL |
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Term
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Definition
| IDL is converted to LDL by what enzyme? |
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Term
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Definition
| What carries the majority of cholesterol in the blood supplying it to the cells? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most atherogenic of the lipoproteins? |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a smaller sized LDL more or less dangerous than a large one? |
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Term
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Definition
| What eats the LDL once it gets into the endothelium of the vessel wall? |
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Term
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Definition
| What consists of a particle of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) linked by a disulfide bond to a large glycoprotein of hepatic origin? |
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Term
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Definition
| What lipoprotein particle has both atherogenic and thrombogenic potential? |
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Term
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Definition
| What population is Lp(a) higher in? |
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Term
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Definition
| Increased levels in what 3 lipoproteins are said to be atherogenic? |
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Term
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Definition
| What lipoprotein has a cardioprotective role facilitating the transfer of Cholesterol from atherogenic lipoproteins and peripheral tissues to be metabolized by the liver? |
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Term
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Definition
| Where are HDL particle synthesized? |
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Term
| enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) |
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Definition
| A circulating enzyme called what promotes the uptake of free cholesterol by HDL? |
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Term
Esterification
*this enhances the density of HDL |
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Definition
| What is the process by which LCAT promotes the uptake of free cholesterol by HDL? |
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Term
No
*b/c we cannnot increase HDL's without decreasing LDL's and we cannot tell which one is responsible |
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Definition
| Will an increase in just HDL decrease your risk for atherosclerosis? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which pathway transports dietary lipids to the periphery and liver? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which lipoprotein metabolic pathway transports hepatic lipids to the periphery? |
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Term
| maintaining net cholesterol balance |
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Definition
| What is the main role of the liver in cholesterol? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the primary means of cholesterol elimination? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the primary organ responsible for regulating the steady-state concentration of LDL? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of dyslipidemia comes from inherited disorders, genetically based derangement of synthesis or cell receptor? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of dyslipidemia results of another disease process, i.e. Type II diabetes, obesity, hypothyroidism? |
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Term
| familial hypercholersterolemia |
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Definition
| Which primary dyslipidemia has increased LDL & nl TG with an increase in ASCVD risk? |
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Term
| Familial combined hyperlipidemia |
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Definition
| What type of primary dyslipidemia has increased LDL, increased TG and decreased HDL? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of secondary dyslipidemia is where adipocytes deliver ↑ FFA to liver which then produces more VLDL thereby ↑ TG and LDL, and HDL is low? |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary dyslipidemia caused by insulin resistance and ↓ LPL lead to ↑ TG. LDL-C levels near normal though smaller and more atherogenic. ↓ HDL can be attributed to what disease? |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary dyslipidemia caused by what disease shows up as ↓ LDL receptor activity leads to ↑ LDL-C and can be reversed with treatment? |
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Term
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Definition
| Secondary dyslipidema caused by what disease shows up as ↑ VLDL synthesis in liver leads to ↑ TG and LDL? |
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Term
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Definition
| Xanthomas and xanthalasmas are PE findings that should lead you to suspect what? |
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