Term
| Name 4 etiologies for aortic stenosis. |
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Definition
| 1) Congenital (0-30yo) 2) Bicuspid (30-50) 3) Rheumatic (30-60) 4) Degenerative (>60) |
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Term
| How does the (L) vent. compensate for aortic stenosis? |
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Definition
| Concentric hypertrophy to reduce wall stress |
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Term
| Name 4 findings on PE in aortic stenosis. |
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Definition
| 1) Harsh syst. ejection murmur 2) S4 3) Sustained bifid LV impulse 4) Pulsus Parvus et Tardus |
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Term
| Name 3 sx of aortic stenosis. |
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Definition
| 1) Angina 2) Syncope 3) CHF |
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Term
| What is the test of choice in aortic and mitral murmurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is seen on EKG in aortic stenosis and regurg? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tx for sx aortic stenosis and regrurg? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 etiologies of aortic regurg. d/t abnormalities of the leaflets. |
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Definition
| 1) Rheumatic 2) Bicuspid 3) Degenerative 4) Endocarditis |
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Term
| Name 3 categories of etiologies that cause aortic regurg. d/t dilation of the aortic annulus. |
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Definition
| 1) Aortic aneurysm/dissection 2) Inflammatory (Syphyllis, Giant cell arteritis, Ankylosis spondylitis, reiters) 3) Inheritable (marfans, osteogenesis imperfecta) |
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Term
| How does aortic regurg. affect pulse pressure? |
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Definition
| Widened pulse pressure (high SBP and low DBP) |
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Term
| Name 3 sx of aortic regurg. and what they d/t pathophysiologically. |
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Definition
| 1) Dyspnea on exertion - CHF 2) Fatigue and dec. exercise tol. - low CO |
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Term
| Name 5 findings on PE in aortic regurg. |
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Definition
| 1) Diastolic decrescendo blowing murmur 2) Hyperdynamic LV apical impulse 3) Bounding pulses 4) S4, S3 gallop 5) Austin Flint murmur |
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Term
| What is the medical tx for aortic regurg? |
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Definition
| 1) Serial echos 2) SBE prophylaxis 3) Vasodilators 4) Diuretics |
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Term
| Name 3 etiologies of mitral regurg. d/t alterations of the leaflets, commisures, or annulus. |
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Definition
| 1) Rheumatic 2) MVP 3) Endocarditis |
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Term
| Name 4 etiologies of mitral regurg. d/t alterations of LA or LV size or fxn. |
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Definition
| 1) Papillary mus. (ischemic, MI , myocarditis, DCM) 2) LVE (CM) 3) LAE (MR) 4) HCM |
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Term
| Name 4 sx of mitral regurg. |
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Definition
| 1) Fatigue 2) Weakness 3) Dyspnea 4) Orthospnea |
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Term
| What condition can result from mitral regurg? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 findings on PE in mitral regurg. |
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Definition
| 1) Hoslostolic blowing murmur 2) Laterally displaced apical impulse 3) Split S2 4) S3 gallop |
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Term
| Name 2 sx of MVP and 2 findings on PE. |
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Definition
| CP and palpitations, mid-sys. click and late sys. murmur (if MR) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) BB 2) Asprin 3) SBE prophylaxis if MR |
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Term
| What etiology accounts for almost all cases of mitral stenosis in adults? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 rare etiologies of mitral stenosis. |
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Definition
| 1) Mitral annular CA 2) Congenital |
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Term
| Name 4 sx of mitral stenosis. |
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Definition
| 1) Dyspnea 2) Fatigue 3) Inability to tol. inc. HR 4) Hemoptysis |
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Term
| Des. pathophysiologic effects of mitral stenosis. (4) |
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Definition
| 1) LA HTN 2) pulm HTN 3) A-fib 4) Low CO |
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Term
| Name 4 findings on PE in mitral stenosis. |
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Definition
| 1) Loud S1 2) Opening snap 3) Diastolic apical rumble 4) Graham steel murmur |
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Term
| What is seen on EKG in mitral stenosis? (4) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is given to control a-fib rate in mitral stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 surgical tx for mitral stenosis. |
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Definition
| 1) Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty 2) Open commisurotomy valve repair 3) MVR |
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