Term
Visceral - inner layer; contacts the heart
Parietal - Outer Layer |
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Definition
| What are the 2 layers of the pericardium called and which one is which? |
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Term
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Definition
| About how much pericardial fluid is in the pericardium? |
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Term
| Atrioventricular and Semilunar |
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Definition
| What are the two types of valves in the heart called? |
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Term
controls flow between the atria and ventricles
right = tricuspid; left = bicuspid or mitral |
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Definition
| What function do the atrioventricular valves serve? What are their names / locations? |
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Term
Regulate flow between the ventricles and the arteries.
Left Semilunar = Aortic Valve
Right Semilunar = Pulmonic Valve |
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Definition
| What function do the Semilunar Valves serve and what are they called? |
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Term
Ascending = from the heart
Thoracic = Curves inferiorly and goes through the chest
Abdominal = Gots through the diaphragm and into the abdomen |
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Definition
| What are the three parts of the aorta and where are they located? |
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Term
| From the Coronary Arteries |
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Definition
| Where does the myocardium get all of its nutrients? |
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Term
| Aorta, just above the aortic valve |
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Definition
| Where do the coronary arteries originate? |
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Term
| Left Ventricle, Interventricular Septum, Part of the Right Ventricle and the heart's conduction system. |
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Definition
| What parts of the heart does the Left Coronary artery perfuse? |
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Term
| Anterior Descending and the Circumflex Artery |
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Definition
| What are the 2 main branches of the Left Coronary Artery? |
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Term
| Portion of the Right Atrium, Right Ventricle and part of the conduction system. |
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Definition
| What portions of the heart does the Right Coronary Artery perfuse? |
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Term
| Posterior Descending Artery and the Marginal Artery |
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Definition
| What are the two major branches of the Right Coronary Artery? |
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Term
| During Diastole because the aortic valve leaflets cover the coronary artery openings (ostia) during systole. |
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Definition
| When do the coronary vessels recieve their blood? |
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Term
| Tunica Intima (1 cell thick) |
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Definition
| What is the name of the innermost layer of the vasculature? What is unique about this layer? |
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Term
Tunica Media
Consists of elastic fibers and muscle that give the vessels strength and recoil |
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Definition
| What is the name of the middle layer of the vasculature? What is specific to this layer? |
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Term
Tunica Adventitia
Fibrous tissue covering of the vessel |
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Definition
| What is the name of the outermost layer of the vasculature and what is specific to this layer? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the name for the cavity inside the vessels? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the term for the sequence of events that occurs between the end of one heart contraction and the end of the next? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the name of the network of nerves at the base of the heart through which the sympathetic system innervates the heart? |
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Term
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Definition
| What are the two principal types of receptors of the sympathetic nervous system? |
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Term
| Peripheral blood vessels and are responsible for vasoconstriction |
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Definition
| Where are the Alpha receptors located and what is their function? |
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Term
| Primarily in the heart; increase rate and contractility |
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Definition
| Where are the Beta 1 receptors located and what is their function? |
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Term
| In the lungs and peripheral blood vessels; cause bronchial and peripheral vasodilation |
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Definition
| Where are the Beta 2 receptors located and what is their primary function? |
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Term
| slow heart rate and drop BP by blocking beta 1 receptors |
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Definition
| What purpose do beta blockers serve and how do they achieve the desired effect? |
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Term
| Vagus nerve (the 10th cranial nerve) |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic control of the heart occurs through the _______________? |
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Term
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Definition
| This term refers to heart rate? |
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Term
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Definition
| This term refers to the strength of a cardiac muscular contraction? |
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Term
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Definition
This term refers to the rate of nervous impulse conduction?
A positive ___________ agent would speed conduction while a negative _____________ agent would slow conduction. |
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Term
| Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) |
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Definition
This is a cardiac hormone that is manufactured, stored and released by atrial muscle cells in response to such things as atrial distention and sympathetic stimulation.
Primarily counters the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and causes a reduction in blood volume resulting in decreased central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output and blood pressure. |
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Term
| Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) |
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Definition
| Initially discovered in the brain, this hormone is secreted principally by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of myocytes. It also serves to counter the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and causes a reduction in blood volume, resulting in decreased central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac output, and blood pressure. The half life is twice as long as the other hormone. |
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Term
| Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP |
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Definition
| Which of the cardiac hormones show elevated levels in CHF and has become a marker for the presence of CHF? |
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Term
Sodium (Na+): Depolarization of myocardium
Calcium (Ca++): Myocardial depolarization and myocardial contraction (Hypercalcemia = increased contractility while Hypocalcemia = decreased contractility and increased electrical irritability)
Potassium (K+): Repolarization (hypokalemia = increases irritability / hyperkalemia = decreases automaticity and conduction)
Chloride (Cl-) and Magnesium (Mg++) |
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Definition
What five electrolytes affect cardiac function?
What are their functions? |
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Term
Intercalated Discs
Syncytium |
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Definition
These structures connect cardiac muscle fibers and conduct electrical impulses quickly (400x faster than std cell membranes). This speed allows the cells to function physically as a unit, resulting in a coordinated contraction?
What is this functional unit called? |
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Term
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Definition
| The cells can respond to an electrical stimulus, like all other myocardial cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cells can propagate the electrical impulse from one cell to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| The individual cells of the conductive system can depolarize without any impulse from an outside source; also called self excitation. |
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