Term
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Definition
| refers to the how good the heart contracts |
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Term
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Definition
| work imposed on the heart prior to contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| work with healthy muscle fibers. It measures the contractility of the cardiac muscles |
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Definition
| Tension that develops in ventricular wall during systole |
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Term
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Definition
Volume
Systemic vascular resistance
ventricular dilation increased volume |
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Term
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Definition
| uses calcium. Ability of muscle fibers to shorten during contraction |
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Term
| what affects contractility |
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Definition
myocardial oxygen consumption
CAD
Cardiac muscle disease
Ca+ or K+ imbalances |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
decrease ventricular filling time - possible decrease stroke volume & decrease CO.
Works with different tachy rythms |
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Term
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Definition
| longer ventricular filling time & possible increase stroke volume & increase CO |
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Term
| where the baroreceptors are |
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Definition
| carotid sinus and aortic arch |
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Term
| unresponsive baroreceptors |
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Definition
| bellow 50 mm Hg or above 200mm Hg. |
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Term
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Definition
| manipulate the carotid in tachy pts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| renin. produces angeiotensin - produces aldosterone |
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Term
| atrial natriuretic factor from atrial tissue |
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Definition
| released in response of increased B/P |
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Term
| 5 signs&symptoms of heart disease |
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Definition
Dyspnea
Chest pain
Syncope
Palpitations
Edema |
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Term
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Definition
on exertion
positional - sign of HF
paroxymal nocturnal - sign of L ventricular failure
orthopnea - sign of HF |
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Term
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Definition
Intermittent, severe, sharp
Sudden onset
Under or to left of sternum
Worsened with:
Inspiration
Swallowing
Coughing
Turning upper body
Relieved by sitting up & leaning forward |
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Term
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Definition
| Transient loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia |
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Term
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Definition
Heart block or other rhythm disturbances
Sudden, unexpected loss of consciousness
May be loss of pulse for 15-30 seconds |
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Term
| Hypersensitive carotid sinus syncope |
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Definition
Vagal syncope
Most common in older men with atherosclerotic carotid arteries
Fainting precipitated by:
Sudden turning of the head
Shaving neck
Tight collar
Inadvertent pressure to carotid artery sinus below jaw angle |
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Term
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Definition
Sensation of rapid “racing” heartbeat
Sensation of skipped heartbeats |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in soft tissues |
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Term
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Definition
Sensation of rapid “racing” heartbeat
Sensation of skipped heartbeats |
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Term
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Definition
Sensation of rapid “racing” heartbeat
Sensation of skipped heartbeats |
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Term
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Definition
R bundle branch block
Pulmonary hypertension
R ventricular failure from septal defect.
R sided cardiac issues |
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Term
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Definition
Indicates rapid filling of ventricles
Normal in children & up to age 25 – 30
After age 30 – called a “gallop”
Usually related to ventricular failure |
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Term
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Definition
atrial diastolic gallop
Produced by high velocity blood flow during atrial contraction as blood enters a noncompliant ventricle. turbulent flow of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum amount of oxygen your heart can provide to your muscles during sustained activity |
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Term
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Definition
| HR and rhythm during normal patient activities |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring |
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Definition
Swan-Ganz Catheter
Central venous pressure
Pressure in R atrium
2 – 8 mm Hg
Pulmonary artery pressure
Indirect measurement of L ventricle pressure
8 – 10 mm Hg |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
To treat heart failure
Strengthens contractions up SV & CO blood to kidneys and up urine output down blood volume & down preload
Digoxin (Lanoxin) |
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Term
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Definition
Vasoconstriction
Bronchial Dilation |
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Term
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Definition
Very Nice Drugs”
Verapamil
Nifedipine
Diltiazem |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid precipitous drop in B/P |
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Term
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Definition
used in emergencies & ICU’s only
sympathomimetics
Increase CO & B/P
Dopamine
Dobutamine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Class I
Local anesthetic effect
Ventricular Dsyrhythmias
Class II
Beta Adrenergic Blockers – “olols”
Slow cell recovery and automaticity
Class III
Block potassium channels
Slows rate and conduction
Class IV
Calcium Channel Blockers |
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Term
| Class I: Sodium Channel Blockers |
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Definition
Lidocaine - prototype
Stabilize cell membrane anesthetic effect
Caution
Heart block 3rd degree block
CHF
Hypotension
Shock
Renal/hepatic disease
Quinidine, procainamide |
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Term
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Definition
Propranolol – prototype
Antihypertensive, anti-anginal, antimigraine
SVT’s from digoxin or catecholamines |
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Term
| Class III: K+ Channel Blockers |
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Definition
Sotalol (Betapace) – Prototype
Documented life-threatening rhythms
Maintain NSR after conversion of A-fib
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Documented life-threatening rhythms
Potentially fatal liver toxicity
Bretylium
V- fibrillation
Not responding to other drugs |
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Term
| Class IV: Calcium Channel Blockers |
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Definition
Diltiazem (Cardizem) – prototype
Paroxysmal SVT
A-fib
A-flutter
Verapamil |
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Term
| Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation |
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Definition
Cardiogenic shock
Following massive MI
Following surgery
Supports CO |
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Term
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Definition
– To treat heart failure
– Strengthens contractions SV & CO blood to kidneys and urine output blood volume & preload
Digoxin (Lanoxin) |
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Term
| • ACE Inhibitors – the “prils” |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
– the “olols”
– Non-specific
– Propranolol (Inderal)
– Nadolol (Corgard) |
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Term
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Definition
– Specific; bronchial effects
– Patenolol (Tenormin)
– Metoprolol (Lopressor) |
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Term
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Definition
– Vasodilation
– Bronchial Dilation |
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Term
| • Calcium Channel Blockers |
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Definition
Very Nice Drugs”
• Verapamil
• Nifedipine
• Diltiazem |
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Term
| • Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers – the “tans" (ARBs) |
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Definition
– Losartan (Cozaar)
– Candesartan (Atacand)\
• Prevent vasoconstriction
• Prevent aldosterone release |
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Term
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Definition
| • Act on smooth muscle walls of blood vessels to widen lumen and resistance increased flow |
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Term
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Definition
used in emergencies & ICU’s only
– sympathomimetics
– Increase CO & B/P
• Dopamine
• Dobutamine |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease venous return to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Atrial
Junctional
Heart Block
Ventricular |
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Term
| #1 priority in the tPA treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| CHF compensatory mechanisms |
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Definition
Frank-Starling mechanism
Increase HR
Ventricular hypertrophy
Ventr. dilation
Baroreceptor stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
Dyspnea – all types
Exertional, at rest, orthopnea & paroxysmal nocternal dypnea
Dry, nonproductive cough
*Moist crackles on auscultation |
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Term
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Definition
relate to systemic back-up of blood
Distended neck veins
Peripheral edema
Pitting edema
Worsened by Aldosterone & ADH
Venous congestion
Hepatomegaly |
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Term
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Definition
Pleural Effusion
Dysrhythmias
Left Ventricular Thrombus
Hepatomegaly
Renal failure |
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Term
| which heart block progresses the least into 3rd degree |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Thoracic and abdominal aneurysms may be asymptomatic.
Back or abdominal pain
Bruit
Edema of UE, s/s of embolization
On physical exam, the patient may have a pulsatile abdominal mass. DO NOT PALPATE!! |
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Term
| 6 P's of arterial obstruction |
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Definition
Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paresthesias
Paralysis
Poikilothermia |
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Term
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Definition
Edema
Pain
Warmth
Erythema
Elevated temperature
Homan’s sign |
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