Term
| The descending loop of henle is ___________ to solutes. The outside is __________ so water moves ____ and solutes _______, forming ________ urine. |
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Definition
| impermeable, hypertonic, out, stay in, concentrated. |
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Term
| The ascending loop of henle is _________ to water so we'll _______ solutes and _______ water, forming _______ urine. |
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Definition
| impermeable, lose, retain, diluted |
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Term
| If vasopressin is present, water moves to the ________, forming ________ urine. |
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Definition
| hypertonic outside, concentrated |
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Term
| The primary site of action for inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase is: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Acetazolamide brand name? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and a SULFONAMIDE! |
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|
Term
| What is the MOA of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor? |
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Definition
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor will make it so CO2 doesn’t get converted to H2CO3 and eventually H+. Since there’s less H+, less Na+ will be reabsorbed and will be trapped in the tubule, leading to LESS WATER being reabsorbed. |
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Term
| What are the adverse effects of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor? |
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Definition
| Metabolic acidosis, kidney stones, potassium ion loss |
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Term
| What are other uses for a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor? |
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Definition
| Glaucoma, respiratory alkalosis |
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Term
| The primary site of action for osmotic diuretics is: |
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Definition
| proximal tubule, descending loop of henle |
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Term
| What is the brand name of mannitol? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What dosage form does mannitol have to be given as? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an osmotic diuretics MOA? |
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Definition
| Mannitol acts as the solute and stays with water, making water excretion exceed sodium excretion |
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Term
| What are adverse effects of osmotic diuretics? |
|
Definition
Dehydration & hypernatremia (post-diuresis)
Extracellular volume expansion (pre-diuresis) |
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Term
| The primary site of action for inhibitors of Na/K/2Cl symport is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Inhibitors of Na/K/2Cl symport are also known as: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The brand name of furosemide is: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the mechanism of a loop diuretic? |
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Definition
| Basically since there’s going to be more Na, Ca, and Mg in the ascending loop, when it reaches the renal medulla it’s not going to be as hypertonic and LESS water will be reabsorbed and more water will be excreted. |
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Term
| Vasopressin only works in the presence of a ______________. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug class has the highest efficacy? |
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Definition
| Loop diuretics aka Na/K/2Cl symport inhibitors |
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Term
| Loop diuretics are used usually for treatment of _____ because _____. |
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Definition
| moderate-severe kidney failure bc theyre the only thing that works. Also acute edematous states and hypertensive crisis. |
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Term
| What are the adverse side effects of loop diuretics? |
|
Definition
| hypomagnesemia (Mg loss), hypokalemic alkalosis (K and H loss), hyperuricemia (can lead to gout) |
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Term
| The primary site of action for inhibitors of Na/Cl symport is? and is also known as? |
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Definition
| Early distal tubule, thiazide diuretic |
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Term
|
Definition
| hydrodiuril. SULFONAMIDE! |
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Term
|
Definition
| Decrease Na/Cl symport, decrease osmolarity, decrease vasopressin release, decrease permeability of collecting duct to water, decrease water reabsorption, increase urine volume |
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Term
| Adverse effects of thiazide diuretics? |
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Definition
| K and H loss (hypokalemic alkalosis), uric acid retention (possible gout) |
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Term
| Primary site of action for aldosterone antagonist? |
|
Definition
| late distal tubule, collecting duct |
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|
Term
| Primary site of action for inhibitors of renal Na channels? |
|
Definition
| late distal tubule, collecting duct |
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|
Term
| brand name and kind of drug for spironolactone? |
|
Definition
| aldactone, aldosterone antagonist |
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|
Term
| brand name and kind of drug for amiloride? |
|
Definition
| dyrenium and inhibitor of renal na channels |
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Term
|
Definition
| less na is reabsorbed, so less K will be secreted. less na reabsorbed = more water leaves body |
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Term
| side effects for k sparing diuretics? |
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Definition
| hyperkalemia, acidosis, gynecomastia, impotence, menstrual irregularities |
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Term
|
Definition
| vasopressin (ADH) antagonist. collecting duct |
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|
Term
| where do ADH antagonists work? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ADH antagonist side effect? |
|
Definition
| hypernatremia - bc of loss of water but not loss of sodium so bodily fluids concentrated |
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