Term
| Assessment and normal JVP |
|
Definition
HOB ~ 30 degrees, turn head away from examiner
Right internal jugular vein- look for pulsations in suprasternal notch
Make a right angle with the sternal angle, the cm of the right angle above the sternal angle is the JVP
normal < 3-4 above sternal angle or 8-9 cm in total distance above right atrium |
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Term
| Position to hear S3 or mitral stenosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Position to hear aortic regurgitation |
|
Definition
sit, lean forward and exhale
listen at left sternal border with diaphragm |
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Term
| Sounds heard best with bell of stethoscope |
|
Definition
low pitched
used for blood pressure
apical impulse in left lateral position
right sternal border for tricuspid murmurs |
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|
Term
| definition of orthostatic hypotension |
|
Definition
drop of systolic BP of 20 and/or diastolic of 10 within 3 minutes of standing
normal: systolic will stay same or drop slightly and diastolic will increase slightly |
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|
Term
| Where is s1 usually loudest? Associated with what conditions is s1 louder than s2? |
|
Definition
apex (bottom)
tachycardia
high cardiac output states
mitral stenosis |
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|
Term
| Where is s2 usually loudest? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When to use the diaphragm of stethoscope |
|
Definition
high pitched sounds of s1 and s2
aortic/mitral regurg
pericardial friction rubs |
|
|
Term
| When to use the bell of stethoscope |
|
Definition
apply lightly s3 and s4 mitral stenosis
low sounds |
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|
Term
| assessment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
|
Definition
systolic murmur
associated with outflow obstruction
increases with standing, strain, valsalva
squatting will decrease the murmur |
|
|
Term
| assessment/findings with aortic stenosis |
|
Definition
systolic murmur
decreased intensity of murmur with standing, strain or valsalva
caused by decreased blood ejected into aorta
squatting increases murmur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ventricular gallop
occurs early in diastole during rapid ventricular filling, is later than an opening snap, dull and low pitch
physiologic s3 in children and young adults
last trimester of pregnancy
pathologic- altered left ventricular compliance
causes: decreased ventricular contractility, CHF, volume overloading in a ventricle-mitral/tricuspid regurg
"Kentucky" |
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|
Term
|
Definition
atrial gallop late diastolic most common caused by increased resistance to ventricular filling, decreased compliance of ventricle htn, CAD, AS, cardiomyopathy may also be associated with delayed conduction between atria and ventricles never heard in the case of absent atrial contraction (afib)
marker of poor diastolic function
heard best with bell |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| rheumatic fever, endocarditis, ruptured chordae, papillary muscle dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| EKG changes in mycocardial ischemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thz
BB
ACEI
ARB
ALDA (post MI) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Cardiac drugs to use in DM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiac drugs to use in chronic renal disease |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Cardiac drugs to prevent stroke |
|
Definition
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