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Cardio and Lymph Systems
Medical Transcription Terminology
88
Medical
Professional
12/10/2008

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Term
Epicardium
Definition
External layer of heart.
Term
Myocardium
Definition
Muscle layer of heart.
Term
Endocardium
Definition
Innermost layer of heart.
Term
lymph nodes
Definition
Act as filters.
Term
Thymus Gland
Definition

Located between the lungs plays an important role in the development of the immune system of the body.

Term
Systemic Circulation
Definition

Involves blood flow to all parts of the body except the lungs. The oxygen-rich blood flows out of the heart from the left ventricle into arterial circulation. It returns to the heart as oxygen-poor venous blood and flows into the right atrium.

Term
Pulmonary Circulation
Definition

Involves the flow of blood out of the heart from the right ventricle and through the pulmonary arterial system. In the lungs, waste material (carbon dioxide) is exchanged for oxygen. The pulmonary venous system carries the oxygen-rich blood into the left atrium of the heart.

Term
Arteries
Definition

Large blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to all regions of the body. Arterial blood is bright red in color.  The aorta is the largest artery.

Term
Arterioles
Definition

Smaller branches of arteries. They are thinner than arteries and carry the blood to the capillaries.

Term
Blood pressure
Definition

Measurement of the amount of pressure exerted against the walls of the blood vessels. Normal BP is 120/80 in adults. BP is measured by a sphygmomanometer.

Term
Diastolic pressure 
Definition

ventricles relax, causing lowest pressure against the arterial walls.

Term
Systolic pressure
Definition

ventricles contract causing the highest pressure against the arterial walls. This is the 120 (higher level) of the 120/80.

Term
Blood
Definition

Composed of 55% liquid plasma and 45% formed elements. Most blood cells originate in the marrow cavity of bones.

Term
Capillaries
Definition

Microscopic vessels only one epithelial cell in thickness (similar in thickness to a strand of hair). The slower blood flow though capillaries allows time for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste materials between the tissue fluids and the surrounding cells.

Term
Erythrocytes
Definition

Red blood cells containing hemoglobin, a blood protein that helps transport oxygen throughout the body. RBC 's make up about 45% of the blood. They live for approximately 120 days. Two - 10 million RBC's are destroyed each second, but because they are constantly being replaced, the number of circulating cells remain constant.

Term

 

Leukocytes

Definition

 

White blood cells that help fight disease.

Term
Plasma
Definition

Straw-colored fluid that transports nutrients, hormones and waste products. Plasma is 91% water, remaining 9% clotting proteins.

Term
Pulse
Definition

Rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by the pressure of the blood moving through the artery.

Term
Rh factor
Definition

Antigen present in the blood of most people. A person having this is Rh+, someone lacking the antigen is Rh-.

Term
Serum
Definition

Plasma with the clotting proteins removed.

Term
Sinoatrial node
Definition

Known as the "natural pacemaker", found in the right atrium of the heart. It establishes the basic rhythm of the heart.

Term
Sinus rhythm
Definition
Normal heart rhythm.
Term
Thrombocyte
Definition
Platelets (clotting cell) manufactured in the bone marrow, help in the clotting of blood (coagulation).
Term
Veins
Definition

Form a low-pressure collecting system to return the oxygen-depleted, waste-filled blood to the heart. The largest veins are the venae cavae (superior vena cava drains from upper portion of the body and the inferior vena cava drains from the lowert portion of the body), both draining into the right atrium of the heart.

Term
Venules
Definition
Smaller veins.
Term
Anemia
Definition

A reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells

Term
Aneurysm
Definition

Localized balloon-like enlargement of an artery.

Term
Angina pectoris
Definition

Left-sided chest pain due to nadequate blood and oxygenation of the heart muscle.

Term
Angiostenosis
Definition

Narrowing of a blood vessel.

 

Term
Arrhythmia
Definition

Irregularity of heart rhythm.

Term
Arteriectomy
Definition
Surgical removal of part of an artery.
Term
Arteriosclerosis
Definition
Hardening of the arteries.
Term
Atheroma
Definition

Plaque formation (fatty deposit) within the arterial wall.

Term
Atherosclerosis
Definition

Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of plaque formation.

Term
Bradycardia
Definition
Slow heartbeat.
Term
CAD
Definition

Coronary artery disease - atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.

Term
Carditis
Definition
Inflammation of the heart.
Term
Claudication
Definition

Pain and weakness in the leg when walking, due to peripheral vascular disease.

Term
Congenital Heart Disease
Definition
Abnormalities in the heart occurring at birth.
Term
Coarctation of the aorta
Definition
Narrowing of the aorta.
Term
Patent ductus arteriosus
Definition
Duct between aorta and pulmonary artery which normally closes soon after birth, remains open.
Term
Septal defects
Definition

Small holes in the septa between the atria and ventricles.

Term
Tetralogy of Fallot
Definition
Causing cyanosis (blue baby) at birth.
Term
CHF
Definition

Congestive heart failure - inability of the heart to circulate blood effectively enough to meet the body's needs.

Term
Dyscrasia
Definition
Any abnormal blood condition.
Term
Embolus
Definition
Floating clot
Term
Fibrillation
Definition

Rapid, random and ineffective contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute).

Term
Flutter
Definition

Cardiac arrhythmia in which the atrial contractions are rapid but regular (may reach up to 300 beats per minute).

Term
Gallop
Definition
Heart rate increases - three sounds heard.
Term
Heart murmur
Definition

An abnormal heart sound caused by improper closure of a heart valve.

Term
Hemorrhage
Definition
Loss of blood over a short time.
Term
Hemorrhoids
Definition
Varicose veins near the anus.
Term
Hypertension
Definition
Elevated blood pressure.
Term
Essential Hypertension
Definition
cause unknown (idiopathic)
Term
Secondary Hypertension
Definition
cause known
Term
Infarct
Definition

Localized area of necrosis (death of tissue) caused by interruption of blood supply.

Term
Ischemia
Definition

Deficiency of blood supply due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel.

Term
MI
Definition

Myocardial infarction or heart attack - occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery resulting in an infarct of the affected myocardium.

Term
Mitral stenosis
Definition

Abnormal narrowing of the opening of the mitral valve.

Term

MVP

Definition

Mitral valve prolapse - abnormal protrusion of the mitral valve that results in incomplete closure of the valve.

Term
Occlusion
Definition
Closure of a blood vessel.
Term
Pacemaker
Definition

Electronic device implanted under the skin to regulate heartbeat.

Term
Palpitation
Definition

Pounding or racing heart with or without irregularity in rhythm.

Term
Pericarditis
Definition

Inflammation of the membrane (pericardium) surrounding the heart.

Term
Petechiae
Definition

Small pinpoint hemorrhages found under the surface of the skin.

Term
Phlebitis
Definition
Inflammation of a vein.
Term
Tachycardia
Definition
Fast heartbeat.
Term
Thrombus
Definition
Blood clot.
Term
Valvulitis
Definition
Inflammation of a heart valve.
Term
Varicose veins
Definition

Abnormally swollen veins usually occurring in the leg.

Term
Angiography
Definition

Dye is injected into the bloodstream or heart chamber and x-rays are taken of the heart and large blood vessels in the chest.

Term
Auscultation
Definition

Listening to sounds within the body with a stethoscope.

Term
CABG
Definition

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft - vessels are connected to existing coronary arteries to detour around blocked vessels.

Term
Cardiac MRI
Definition

Magnetic waves are beamed at the heart and an image is produced.

Term
Cardiac scan
Definition

Scan of the heart measuring the accumulation of radioactive substance injected into the heart.

Term
Catheterization
Definition

Cardiac catheterization of the heart - a thin flexible tube is introduced into a vein or artery and guided to the heart to detect pressures and patterns of blood flow.

Term
Defibrillation
Definition

Known as cardioversion - use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm.

Term
DSA
Definition

Digital subtraction angiography - x-ray pictures of the blood vessels are taken.

Term
Doppler
Definition
Sound waves of blood vessels.
Term
ECG
Definition

Electrocardiogram - record of the electrical activity of the heart.

Term
ECHO
Definition

Echocardiography - sound waves are transmitted into the chest and echoes returning from the valves, chambers and surfaces of the heart are electronically plotted and recorded.

Term
Heart transplant
Definition
Donor heart is transferred to a recipient.
Term
Holter monitoring
Definition

Device to monitor the heart for 24 hours with a portable electrocardiograph.

Term
Lipid test
Definition

Measurement of fatty substances found in foods and in the body.

Term
Percussion
Definition
Tapping the body surface with fingers.
Term
Serum enzyme tests
Definition

Enzymes are measured for patient's who have had an MI.

Term
Stress Test
Definition

Exercise tolerance test to determine the heart's response to physical exertion.

Term
Valvuloplasty
Definition
Surgical repair of a heart valve.
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