Term
| What are heart failure cells? |
|
Definition
| Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in the lung in left heart failure |
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Term
| Give 3 physical signs of right heart failure |
|
Definition
Hepatomegaly (nutmeg liver)
Lower body edema (not lung)
JVD |
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Term
| 8 Symptoms of bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
FROM JANE:
Fever
Roth's spots (white spots on retina surrounded by hemorrhage)
Osler's nodes (tender raised lesions on finger or toe pads)
Murmur
Janeway lesions (small red spots on palms or soles)
Anemia
Splinter hemorrhages on nail bed
Emboli
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Term
| Top cause of acute bacterial endocarditis and its characteristics |
|
Definition
S. aureus
Large vegitations on previously normal valves
Rapid onset |
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Term
| Top cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis and its characteristics |
|
Definition
Viridians streptococci
Small vegitations on already abnormal valves
Occurs after dental procedures, insidious onset |
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Term
| Cause of infective endocarditis in someone with colon cancer |
|
Definition
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Term
| Cause of infective endocarditis in someone with prosthetic valves |
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Definition
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Term
| Tricuspid valve endocarditis is associated with ___ and caused by ___ (3 pathogens) |
|
Definition
IV drug use
S. aureus, Pseudomonas, or Candida |
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Term
| Give the heart valves affected by Rheumatic fever in order of most to least common |
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Definition
| Mitral> aortic >> tricuspid |
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Term
| What is the early vs. late cardiac lesion in Rheumatic fever |
|
Definition
early: mitral regurg.
late: mitral stenosis |
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Term
| 1 histo findings and 1 cardiac lab finding in rheumatic fever |
|
Definition
Macrophages causing granulomas and giant cells
elevated ASO in titers |
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Term
| What type of hypersensitivy is rheumatic fever and what is the cause? |
|
Definition
Type II hypersensitivity
Antibodies to M protein (sensitized by group A β-hemolytic strep) |
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Term
| 7 Symptoms of rheumatic fever (2 cutaneous ones) |
|
Definition
Fever
Erythema marginatum (red patchy nonpruritic rash on trunk and limbs)
Valvular damage
Increased ESR
Migratory polyarthritis
Subcutaneous nodules
Chorea |
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Term
| Give 3 types of pericarditis and what causes each |
|
Definition
Fibrinous- most common
Serous- noninfectious inflammatory diseases
Suppurative/Purulent- infectious |
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Term
| What are 3 causes of fibrinous pericarditis? |
|
Definition
Dressler's syndrome, uremia (kidney failure accumulates toxic stuff in blood), radiation
(most common type of pericarditis) |
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Term
| What is a pressure finding in cardiac tamponade? |
|
Definition
| Equilibration of diastolic pressures in all 4 chambers |
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Term
| What is pulsus paradoxus? |
|
Definition
Seen in cardiac tamponade (and other things too)
Decrease in systolic bp by more than 10 mmHg during inspiration |
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|
Term
| Describe the cardiac findings in tertiary syphilis (3) |
|
Definition
- Disrupts vasa vasorum of aorta causing dilation of aorta and valve ring
- Calcification of the aortic root and ascending arch giving it a "tree branch" appearance
- Can result in aortic aneurysm and incompetent aortic valve |
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