Term
| What's the difference between infantile and adult coarctation of the aorta? What is infantile associated with? |
|
Definition
Infantile- aortic stenosis is proximal to ductus arteriosus (assoc. with Turner syndrome)
Adult- stenosis is distal to ductus arteriosus (now called ligamentum arteriosum) |
|
|
Term
| 3 physical findings in adults with coarctation of the aorta |
|
Definition
Notching of ribs due to collateral circulation
Hypertension in upper extremities
Weak pulses in lower extremities |
|
|
Term
| What can an uncorrected PDA result in? |
|
Definition
Left to right shunt leading to RVH and failure
Late cyanosis in the lower extremities |
|
|
Term
| What drug is given to close a PDA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is given to keep a PDA open? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 Congenital heart defects associated with 22q11 syndromes |
|
Definition
Truncus arteriosus
Tetrology of Fallot |
|
|
Term
| 3 Congenital heart defects associated with Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) |
|
Definition
ASD
VSD
AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect) |
|
|
Term
| 3 Congenital heart defects associated with rubella |
|
Definition
Septal defects
PDA
Pulmonary artery stenosis |
|
|
Term
| Congenital heart defect associated with Turner syndrome |
|
Definition
| Coarctation of aorta (preductal) |
|
|
Term
| Congenital heart defect associated with Marfan's syndrome |
|
Definition
| aortic insufficiency (late) |
|
|
Term
| Congenital heart defect associated with a diabetic mother |
|
Definition
| Transposition of great vessels |
|
|
Term
| What is essential hypertension? |
|
Definition
Primary hypertension
related to increased CO or increased TPR (not renal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Hyperlipidemia caused plaques in blood vessel walls
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyperlipidemia caused plaques or nodules composed of lipid-laden histiocytes in skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hyperlipidemia caused lipid deposit in the cornea |
|
|
Term
| What is Mönckeberg arteriosclerosis? (and where) |
|
Definition
Calcification in the media of arteries (usually radial or ulnar)
Does not obstruct blood flow |
|
|
Term
What is arteriolosclerosis? (and where)
Who gets it? (2) |
|
Definition
Hyaline thickening of small arteries in essential hypertension or diabetes mellitus.
(onion skinning in malignant hypertension) |
|
|
Term
| What is atherosclerosis? (and where) |
|
Definition
| Fibrous plaques and atheromas (lipid plaques) form in intima of elastic arteries and medium-large muscular arteries |
|
|
Term
| Give the 6 step progression of atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
1. intimal endothelial cell dysfunction (from hypertension usually)
2. macrophages and LDL accumulate
3. foam cells form
4. fatty streaks
5. smooth muscle cell migration due to PDGF and TGF-β
6. fibrous plaque |
|
|
Term
| Give the top 4 arteries in order to form atherosclerosis |
|
Definition
| Abdominal aorta> coronary artery> popliteal artery> carotid artery |
|
|
